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Ertlen C, Seblani M, Bonnet M, Brezun JM, Coyle T, Sabatier F, Fuentes S, Decherchi P, Serratrice N, Marqueste T. Efficacy of the immediate adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction autograft on functional sensorimotor recovery after spinal cord contusion in rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:29. [PMID: 38303017 PMCID: PMC10835949 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injuries (SCI) lead to functional alteration with important consequences such as motor and sensory disorders. The repair strategies developed to date remain ineffective. The adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is composed of a cocktail of cells with trophic, pro-angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects. Numerous therapeutic benefits were shown for tissue reconstitution, peripheral neuropathy and for the improvement of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the therapeutic efficacy of SVF on sensorimotor recovery after an acute thoracic spinal cord contusion in adult rats was determined. METHOD Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 45) were divided into 3 groups: SHAM (without SCI and treatment), NaCl (animals with a spinal lesion and receiving a saline injection through the dura mater) and SVF (animals with a spinal lesion and receiving a fraction of fat removed from adipocytes through the dura mater). Some animals were sacrificed 14 days after the start of the experiment to determine the inflammatory reaction by measuring the interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in the lesion area. Other animals were followed once a week for 12 weeks to assess functional recovery (postural and locomotor activities, sensorimotor coordination). At the end of this period, spinal reflexivity (rate-dependent depression of the H-reflex) and physiological adjustments (ventilatory response to metabosensitive muscle activation following muscle fatigue) were measured with electrophysiological tools. RESULTS Compared to non-treated animals, results indicated that the SVF reduced the endogenous inflammation and increased the behavioral recovery in treated animals. Moreover, H-reflex depression and ventilatory adjustments to muscle fatigue were found to be comparable between SHAM and SVF groups. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the effectiveness of SVF and its high therapeutic potential to improve sensorimotor functions and to restore the segmental sensorimotor loop and the communication between supra- and sub-lesional spinal cord regions after traumatic contusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ertlen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Mostafa Seblani
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Maxime Bonnet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), INSERM 1409 Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapies, Unité de Culture Et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital de La Conception, 147, Boulevard Baille, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Stéphane Fuentes
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital de La Timone, 264, Rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
| | - Nicolas Serratrice
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital de La Timone, 264, Rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe Plasticité Des Systèmes Nerveux Et Musculaire (PSNM), Parc Scientifique Et Technologique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ, CC910 - 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Seblani M, Ertlen C, Coyle T, Decherchi P, Brezun JM. Combined effect of trifluoperazine and sodium cromoglycate on reducing acute edema and limiting lasting functional impairments after spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114612. [PMID: 37993080 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Edema formation is one of the very first events to occur after spinal cord injury (SCI) leading to an increase of the intrathecal pressure and consequently to serious spinal tissue and functional impairments. Current edema treatments are still symptomatic and/or non-specific. Since edema formation mechanisms are mainly described as vasogenic and cytotoxic, it becomes crucial to understand the interplay between these two subtypes. Acting on key targets to inhibit edema formation may reduce secondary damage and related functional impairments. In this study, we characterize the edema kinetic after T9-10 spinal contusion. We use trifluoperazine (TFP) to block the expression and the functional subcellular localization of aquaporin-4 supposed to be implicated in the cytotoxic edema formation. We also use sodium cromoglycate (SCG) to deactivate mast cell degranulation known to be implicated in the vasogenic edema formation. Our results show a significant reduction of edema after TFP treatment and after TFP-SCG combined treatment compared to control. This reduction is correlated with limited onset of initial sensorimotor impairments particularly after combined treatment. Our results highlight the importance of potential synergetic targets in early edema therapy after SCI as part of tissue sparing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seblani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Céline Ertlen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
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Caron G, Bilchak J, Marie-Pascale Côté. Bumetanide increases postsynaptic inhibition after chronic SCI and decreases presynaptic inhibition with step-training. J Physiol 2023; 601:1425-1447. [PMID: 36847245 PMCID: PMC10106440 DOI: 10.1113/jp283753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current anti-spastic medication significantly compromises motor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), indicating a critical need for alternative interventions. Because a shift in chloride homeostasis decreases spinal inhibition and contributes to hyperreflexia after SCI, we investigated the effect of bumetanide, an FDA-approved sodium-potassium-chloride intruder (NKCC1) antagonist, on presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition. We compared its effect with step-training as it is known to improve spinal inhibition by restoring chloride homeostasis. In SCI rats, a prolonged bumetanide treatment increased postynaptic inhibition but not presynaptic inhibition of the plantar H-reflex evoked by posterior biceps and semitendinosus (PBSt) group I afferents. By using in vivo intracellular recordings of motoneurons, we further show that a prolonged bumetanide increased postsynaptic inhibition by hyperpolarizing the reversal potential for inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) after SCI. However, in step-trained SCI rats an acute delivery of bumetanide decreased presynaptic inhibition of the H-reflex, but not postsynaptic inhibition. These results suggest that bumetanide might be a viable option to improve postsynaptic inhibition after SCI, but it also decreases the recovery of presynaptic inhibition with step-training. We discuss whether the effects of bumetanide are mediated by NKCC1 or by off-target effects. KEY POINTS: After spinal cord injury (SCI), chloride homeostasis is dysregulated over time in parallel with the decrease in presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents and postsynaptic inhibition of motoneurons, and the development of spasticity. While step-training counteracts these effects, it cannot always be implemented in the clinic because of comorbidities. An alternative intervention is to use pharmacological strategies to decrease spasticity without hindering the recovery of motor function with step-training. Here we found that, after SCI, a prolonged bumetanide (an FDA-approved antagonist of the sodium-potassium-chloride intruder, NKCC1) treatment increases postsynaptic inhibition of the H-reflex, and it hyperpolarizes the reversal potential for inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in motoneurons. However, in step-trained SCI, an acute delivery of bumetanide decreases presynaptic inhibition of the H-reflex, but not postsynaptic inhibition. Our results suggest that bumetanide has the potential to decrease spastic symptoms related to a decrease in postsynaptic but not presynaptic inhibition after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Caron
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Jadwiga Bilchak
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Marie-Pascale Côté
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129
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Bilchak JN, Yeakle K, Caron G, Malloy D, Côté MP. Enhancing KCC2 activity decreases hyperreflexia and spasticity after chronic spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 338:113605. [PMID: 33453210 PMCID: PMC7904648 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), the majority of individuals develop spasticity, a debilitating condition involving involuntary movements, co-contraction of antagonistic muscles, and hyperreflexia. By acting on GABAergic and Ca2+-dependent signaling, current anti-spastic medications lead to serious side effects, including a drastic decrease in motoneuronal excitability which impairs motor function and rehabilitation efforts. Exercise, in contrast, decreases spastic symptoms without decreasing motoneuron excitability. These functional improvements coincide with an increase in expression of the chloride co-transporter KCC2 in lumbar motoneurons. Thus, we hypothesized that spastic symptoms can be alleviated directly through restoration of chloride homeostasis and endogenous inhibition by increasing KCC2 activity. Here, we used the recently developed KCC2 enhancer, CLP257, to evaluate the effects of acutely increasing KCC2 extrusion capability on spastic symptoms after chronic SCI. Sprague Dawley rats received a spinal cord transection at T12 and were either bike-trained or remained sedentary for 5 weeks. Increasing KCC2 activity in the lumbar enlargement improved the rate-dependent depression of the H-reflex and reduced both phasic and tonic EMG responses to muscle stretch in sedentary animals after chronic SCI. Furthermore, the improvements due to this pharmacological treatment mirror those of exercise. Together, our results suggest that pharmacologically increasing KCC2 activity is a promising approach to decrease spastic symptoms in individuals with SCI. By acting to directly restore endogenous inhibition, this strategy has potential to avoid severe side effects and improve the quality of life of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga N Bilchak
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States of America
| | - Kyle Yeakle
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Caron
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States of America
| | - Dillon Malloy
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States of America
| | - Marie-Pascale Côté
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States of America.
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Gong C, Zheng X, Guo F, Wang Y, Zhang S, Chen J, Sun X, Shah SZA, Zheng Y, Li X, Yin Y, Li Q, Huang X, Guo T, Han X, Zhang SC, Wang W, Chen H. Human spinal GABA neurons alleviate spasticity and improve locomotion in rats with spinal cord injury. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108889. [PMID: 33761348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in spasticity. There is currently no effective therapy for spasticity. Here, we describe a method to efficiently differentiate human pluripotent stem cells from spinal GABA neurons. After transplantation into the injured rat spinal cord, the DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug)-expressing spinal progenitors differentiate into GABA neurons, mitigating spasticity-like response of the rat hindlimbs and locomotion deficits in 3 months. Administering clozapine-N-oxide, which activates the grafted GABA neurons, further alleviates spasticity-like response, suggesting an integration of grafted GABA neurons into the local neural circuit. These results highlight the therapeutic potential of the spinal GABA neurons for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenZi Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - FangLiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - YaNan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - XueJiao Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sayed Zulfiqar Ali Shah
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - YiFeng Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yatao Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - XiaoLin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tiecheng Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaohua Han
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Caron G, Bilchak JN, Côté MP. Direct evidence for decreased presynaptic inhibition evoked by PBSt group I muscle afferents after chronic SCI and recovery with step-training in rats. J Physiol 2020; 598:4621-4642. [PMID: 32721039 DOI: 10.1113/jp280070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Presynaptic inhibition is modulated by supraspinal centres and primary afferents in order to filter sensory information, adjust spinal reflex excitability, and ensure smooth movement. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the supraspinal control of primary afferent depolarization (PAD) interneurons is disengaged, suggesting an increased role for sensory afferents. While increased H-reflex excitability in spastic individuals indicates a possible decrease in presynaptic inhibition, it remains unclear whether a decrease in sensory-evoked PAD contributes to this effect. We investigated whether the PAD evoked by hindlimb afferents contributes to the change in presynaptic inhibition of the H-reflex in a decerebrated rat preparation. We found that chronic SCI decreases presynaptic inhibition of the plantar H-reflex through a reduction in PAD evoked by posterior biceps-semitendinosus (PBSt) muscle group I afferents. We further found that step-training restored presynaptic inhibition of the plantar H-reflex evoked by PBSt, suggesting the presence of activity-dependent plasticity of PAD pathways activated by flexor muscle group I afferents. ABSTRACT Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in the disruption of supraspinal control of spinal networks and an increase in the relative influence of afferent feedback to sublesional neural networks, both of which contribute to enhancing spinal reflex excitability. Hyperreflexia occurs in ∼75% of individuals with a chronic SCI and critically hinders functional recovery and quality of life. It is suggested that it results from an increase in motoneuronal excitability and a decrease in presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibitory mechanisms. In contrast, locomotor training decreases hyperreflexia by restoring presynaptic inhibition. Primary afferent depolarization (PAD) is a powerful presynaptic inhibitory mechanism that selectively gates primary afferent transmission to spinal neurons to adjust reflex excitability and ensure smooth movement. However, the effect of chronic SCI and step-training on the reorganization of presynaptic inhibition evoked by hindlimb afferents, and the contribution of PAD has never been demonstrated. The objective of this study is to directly measure changes in presynaptic inhibition through dorsal root potentials (DRPs) and its association with plantar H-reflex inhibition. We provide direct evidence that H-reflex hyperexcitability is associated with a decrease in transmission of PAD pathways activated by posterior biceps-semitendinosus (PBSt) afferents after chronic SCI. More precisely, we illustrate that the pattern of inhibition evoked by PBSt group I muscle afferents onto both L4-DRPs and plantar H-reflexes evoked by the distal tibial nerve is impaired after chronic SCI. These changes are not observed in step-trained animals, suggesting a role for activity-dependent plasticity to regulate PAD pathways activated by flexor muscle group I afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Caron
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19129
| | - Jadwiga N Bilchak
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19129
| | - Marie-Pascale Côté
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19129
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Bonnet M, Alluin O, Trimaille T, Gigmes D, Marqueste T, Decherchi P. Delayed Injection of a Physically Cross-Linked PNIPAAm- g-PEG Hydrogel in Rat Contused Spinal Cord Improves Functional Recovery. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10247-10259. [PMID: 32426581 PMCID: PMC7226861 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a main health issue, leading to multiple functional deficits with major consequences such as motor and sensitive impairment below the lesion. To date, all repair strategies remain ineffective. In line with the experiments showing that implanted hydrogels, immunologically inert biomaterials, from natural or synthetic origins, are promising tools and in order to reduce functional deficits, to increase locomotor recovery, and to reduce spasticity, we injected into the lesion area, 1 week after a severe T10 spinal cord contusion, a thermoresponsive physically cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer hydrogel. The effect of postinjury intensive rehabilitation training was also studied. A group of male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving the hydrogel was enrolled in an 8 week program of physical activity (15 min/day, 5 days/week) in order to verify if the combination of a treadmill step-training and hydrogel could lead to better outcomes. The data obtained were compared to those obtained in animals with a spinal lesion alone receiving a saline injection with or without performing the same program of physical activity. Furthermore, in order to verify the biocompatibility of our designed biomaterial, an inflammatory reaction (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) was examined 15 days post-hydrogel injection. Functional recovery (postural and locomotor activities and sensorimotor coordination) was assessed from the day of injection, once a week, for 9 weeks. Finally, 9 weeks postinjection, the spinal reflexivity (rate-dependent depression of the H-reflex) was measured. The results indicate that the hydrogel did not induce an additional inflammation. Furthermore, we observed the same significant locomotor improvements in hydrogel-injected animals as in trained saline-injected animals. However, the combination of hydrogel with exercise did not show higher recovery compared to that evaluated by the two strategies independently. Finally, the H-reflex depression recovery was found to be induced by the hydrogel and, albeit to a lesser degree, exercise. However, no recovery was observed when the two strategies were combined. Our results highlight the effectiveness of our copolymer and its high therapeutic potential to preserve/repair the spinal cord after lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement:
Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe, Plasticité des Systèmes
Nerveux et Musculaire, (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CC910—163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Olivier Alluin
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement:
Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe, Plasticité des Systèmes
Nerveux et Musculaire, (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CC910—163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Thomas Trimaille
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire,
Equipe, Chimie Radicalaire Organique et Polymères de Spécialité,
(CROPS), Case 562—Avenue
Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire,
Equipe, Chimie Radicalaire Organique et Polymères de Spécialité,
(CROPS), Case 562—Avenue
Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement:
Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe, Plasticité des Systèmes
Nerveux et Musculaire, (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CC910—163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix
Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement:
Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe, Plasticité des Systèmes
Nerveux et Musculaire, (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique
de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, CC910—163 Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Novel human models for elucidating mechanisms of rate-sensitive H-reflex depression. Biomed J 2020; 43:44-52. [PMID: 32200955 PMCID: PMC7090317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study used novel human neurophysiologic models to investigate whether the mechanism of rate-sensitive H-reflex depression lies in the pre-synaptic or post-synaptic locus in humans. We hypothesized that pre-synaptic inhibition would suppress Ia afferents and H-reflexes without suppressing alpha motor neurons or motor evoked potentials (MEPs). In contrast, post-synaptic inhibition would suppress alpha motor neurons, thereby reducing H-reflexes and MEPs. METHODS We recruited 23 healthy adults with typical rate-sensitive H-reflex depression, 2 participants with acute sensory-impaired spinal cord injury (SCI) (to rule out influence of sensory stimulation on supra-spinal excitability), and an atypical cohort of 5 healthy adults without rate-sensitive depression. After a single electrical stimulation to the tibial nerve, we administered either a testing H-reflex or a testing MEP at 50-5000 ms intervals. RESULTS Testing MEPs were not diminished in healthy subjects with or without typical rate-sensitive H-reflex depression, or in subjects with sensory-impaired SCI. MEP responses were similar in healthy subjects with versus without rate-sensitive H-reflex depression. CONCLUSIONS Results from these novel in vivo human models support a pre-synaptic locus of rate-sensitive H-reflex depression for the first time in humans. Spinal reflex excitability can be modulated separately from descending corticospinal influence. Each represents a potential target for neuromodulatory intervention.
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Motor and sensitive recovery after injection of a physically cross-linked PNIPAAm-g-PEG hydrogel in rat hemisectioned spinal cord. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 107:110354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Fu S, Meng Y, Lin S, Zhang W, He Y, Huang L, Du H. Transcriptomic responses of hypothalamus to acute exercise in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7743. [PMID: 31579613 PMCID: PMC6764357 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus has an integral role in energy homeostasis regulation, and its dysfunctions lead to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical activity positively affects the prevention and treatment of T2D. However, there is not much information on the adaptive mechanisms of the hypothalamus. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to determine how acute exercise affects hypothalamic transcriptome from both type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and control Wistar rats with or without a single session of running (15 m/min for 60 min). Through pairwise comparisons, we identified 957 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 726, 197, and 98 genes were found between GK and Wistar, exercised GK and GK, and exercised Wistar and Wistar, respectively. The results of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment revealed that lipid metabolism-related terms and pathways were enriched in GK and exercised GK rats, and nervous system related terms and pathways were enriched in exercised GK and Wistar rats. Furthermore, 45 DEGs were associated with T2D and related phenotypes according to the annotations in the Rat Genome Database. Among these 45 DEGs, several genes (Plin2, Cd36, Lpl, Wfs1, Cck) related to lipid metabolism or the nervous system are associated with the exercise-induced benefits in the hypothalamus of GK rats. Our findings might assist in identifying potential therapeutic targets for T2D prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhuan Meng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shudai Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Treadmill Training Effect on Kinematics: An Aging Study in Rats. J Med Biol Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-019-00490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Quilgars C, Bertrand SS. Activity-dependent synaptic dynamics in motor circuits of the spinal cord. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Caron G, Decherchi P, Marqueste T. Alteration of Metabosensitive Afferent Response With Aging: Exercised versus Non-exercised Rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:367. [PMID: 30483115 PMCID: PMC6240616 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of aging on the activity of metabosensitive afferent fibers (thin muscle afferents from group III and IV) and to determine if physical activity performed at old age may influence the afferent discharge. Afferents from tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were recorded on non-exercised rats aged of 3, 6, 12, and 20 months and on animals aged of 12 and 20 months performing a daily incremental treadmill exercise protocol during the last 8 weeks preceding the recordings. Metabosensitive afferent fibers were activated with potassium chloride (KCl) and lactic acid (LA) injections into the blood stream or by muscle electrically-induced fatigue (EIF). Results indicated that aging is associated to a decrease in the magnitude of the responses to chemical injections and EIF. Unfortunately, physical activity did not allow restoring the metabosensitive afferents responses. These results indicate an alteration of the thin afferent fibers with aging and should be taken into account regarding the management of muscle fatigue and potential alterations of exercise pressor reflex (EPR) occurring with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Caron
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Equipe Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Equipe Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Marseille, France
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Equipe Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire, Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Marseille, France
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14
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Eftekhar A, Norton JJS, McDonough CM, Wolpaw JR. Retraining Reflexes: Clinical Translation of Spinal Reflex Operant Conditioning. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:669-683. [PMID: 29987761 PMCID: PMC6095771 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders, such as spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis cause motor impairments that are a huge burden at the individual, family, and societal levels. Spinal reflex abnormalities contribute to these impairments. Spinal reflex measurements play important roles in characterizing and monitoring neurological disorders and their associated motor impairments, such as spasticity, which affects nearly half of those with neurological disorders. Spinal reflexes can also serve as therapeutic targets themselves. Operant conditioning protocols can target beneficial plasticity to key reflex pathways; they can thereby trigger wider plasticity that improves impaired motor skills, such as locomotion. These protocols may complement standard therapies such as locomotor training and enhance functional recovery. This paper reviews the value of spinal reflexes and the therapeutic promise of spinal reflex operant conditioning protocols; it also considers the complex process of translating this promise into clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Eftekhar
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - James J S Norton
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Christine M McDonough
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Services, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Wolpaw
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
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15
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Coq JO, Delcour M, Ogawa Y, Peyronnet J, Castets F, Turle-Lorenzo N, Montel V, Bodineau L, Cardot P, Brocard C, Liabeuf S, Bastide B, Canu MH, Tsuji M, Cayetanot F. Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion Leads to Lumbar and Cortical Hyperexcitability, Spasticity, and Muscle Dysfunctions in Rats: Implications for Prematurity. Front Neurol 2018; 9:423. [PMID: 29973904 PMCID: PMC6020763 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine ischemia-hypoxia is detrimental to the developing brain and leads to white matter injury (WMI), encephalopathy of prematurity (EP), and often to cerebral palsy (CP), but the related pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. In prior studies, we used mild intrauterine hypoperfusion (MIUH) in rats to successfully reproduce the diversity of clinical signs of EP, and some CP symptoms. Briefly, MIUH led to inflammatory processes, diffuse gray and WMI, minor locomotor deficits, musculoskeletal pathologies, neuroanatomical and functional disorganization of the primary somatosensory and motor cortices, delayed sensorimotor reflexes, spontaneous hyperactivity, deficits in sensory information processing, memory and learning impairments. In the present study, we investigated the early and long-lasting mechanisms of pathophysiology that may be responsible for the various symptoms induced by MIUH. We found early hyperreflexia, spasticity and reduced expression of KCC2 (a chloride cotransporter that regulates chloride homeostasis and cell excitability). Adult MIUH rats exhibited changes in muscle contractile properties and phenotype, enduring hyperreflexia and spasticity, as well as hyperexcitability in the sensorimotor cortex. Taken together, these results show that reduced expression of KCC2, lumbar hyperreflexia, spasticity, altered properties of the soleus muscle, as well as cortical hyperexcitability may likely interplay into a self-perpetuating cycle, leading to the emergence, and persistence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in EP and CP, such as sensorimotor impairments, and probably hyperactivity, attention, and learning disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques-Olivier Coq
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives, UMR 7260, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Delcour
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives, UMR 7260, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Yuko Ogawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Julie Peyronnet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Francis Castets
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, UMR 7288, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Turle-Lorenzo
- FR 3512 Fédération 3C, Aix Marseille Université - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Montel
- EA 7369 ≪Activité Physique, Muscle et Santé≫ - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Bodineau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Phillipe Cardot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Liabeuf
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- EA 7369 ≪Activité Physique, Muscle et Santé≫ - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Canu
- EA 7369 ≪Activité Physique, Muscle et Santé≫ - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Florence Cayetanot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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16
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Delcour M, Massicotte VS, Russier M, Bras H, Peyronnet J, Canu MH, Cayetanot F, Barbe MF, Coq JO. Early movement restriction leads to enduring disorders in muscle and locomotion. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:889-901. [PMID: 29437246 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor control and body representation in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as musculoskeletal architecture and physiology are shaped during development by sensorimotor experience and feedback, but the emergence of locomotor disorders during maturation and their persistence over time remain a matter of debate in the absence of brain damage. By using transient immobilization of the hind limbs, we investigated the enduring impact of postnatal sensorimotor restriction (SMR) on gait and posture on treadmill, age-related changes in locomotion, musculoskeletal histopathology and Hoffmann reflex in adult rats without brain damage. SMR degrades most gait parameters and induces overextended knees and ankles, leading to digitigrade locomotion that resembles equinus. Based on variations in gait parameters, SMR appears to alter age-dependent plasticity of treadmill locomotion. SMR also leads to small but significantly decreased tibial bone length, chondromalacia, degenerative changes in the knee joint, gastrocnemius myofiber atrophy and muscle hyperreflexia, suggestive of spasticity. We showed that reduced and atypical patterns of motor outputs, and somatosensory inputs and feedback to the immature CNS, even in the absence of perinatal brain damage, play a pivotal role in the emergence of movement disorders and musculoskeletal pathologies, and in their persistence over time. Understanding how atypical sensorimotor development likely contributes to these degradations may guide effective rehabilitation treatments in children with either acquired (ie, with brain damage) or developmental (ie, without brain injury) motor disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Delcour
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives, UMR 7260, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Vicky S Massicotte
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michaël Russier
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives, UMR 7260, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Bras
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Peyronnet
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Canu
- Université de Lille, EA 7369 « Activité Physique, Muscle et Santé » - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Cayetanot
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacques-Olivier Coq
- Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives, UMR 7260, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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17
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Nawrotek K, Marqueste T, Modrzejewska Z, Zarzycki R, Rusak A, Decherchi P. Thermogelling chitosan lactate hydrogel improves functional recovery after a C2 spinal cord hemisection in rat. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2004-2019. [PMID: 28324618 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to provide an appropriate micro-environment for regenerating axotomized neurons and proliferating/migrating cells. Because of its intrinsic permissive properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability, we chose to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of a chitosan-based biopolymer. The biomaterial toxicity was measured through in vitro test based on fibroblast cell survival on thermogelling chitosan lactate hydrogel substrate and then polymer was implanted into a C2 hemisection of the rat spinal cord. Animals were randomized into three experimental groups (Control, Lesion and Lesion + Hydrogel) and functional tests (ladder walking and forelimb grip strength tests, respiratory assessment by whole-body plethysmography measurements) were used, once a week during 10 weeks, to evaluate post-traumatic recoveries. Then, electrophysiological examinations (reflexivity of the sub-lesional region, ventilatory adjustments to muscle fatigue known to elicit the muscle metaboreflex and phrenic nerve recordings during normoxia and temporary hypoxia) were performed. In vitro results indicated that the chitosan matrix is a non-toxic biomaterial that allowed fibroblast survival. Furthermore, implanted animals showed improvements of their ladder walking scores from the 4th week post-implantation. Finally, electrophysiological recordings indicated that animals receiving the chitosan matrix exhibited recovery of the H-reflex rate sensitive depression, the ventilatory response to repetitive muscle stimulation and an increase of the phrenic nerve activity to asphyxia compared to lesioned and nonimplanted animals. This study indicates that hydrogel based on chitosan constitute a promising therapeutic approach to repair damaged spinal cord or may be used as an adjuvant with other treatments to enhance functional recovery after a central nervous system damage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2004-2019, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 175 Street, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (UMR 7287), Equipe « Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire », Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Zofia Modrzejewska
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 175 Street, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Roman Zarzycki
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 175 Street, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Medico-Dental Faculty, Krakowska 26 Street, Wroclaw, Poland, 50-425
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (UMR 7287), Equipe « Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire », Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
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