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Wang S, Zheng K, Kong W, Huang R, Liu L, Wen G, Yu Y. Multimodal data fusion based on IGERNNC algorithm for detecting pathogenic brain regions and genes in Alzheimer's disease. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6887308. [PMID: 36502428 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the study on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by multimodal data fusion analysis has been attracted wide attention. It often has the problems of small sample size and high dimension with the multimodal medical data. In view of the characteristics of multimodal medical data, the existing genetic evolution random neural network cluster (GERNNC) model combine genetic evolution algorithm and neural network for the classification of AD patients and the extraction of pathogenic factors. However, the model does not take into account the non-linear relationship between brain regions and genes and the problem that the genetic evolution algorithm can fall into local optimal solutions, which leads to the overall performance of the model is not satisfactory. In order to solve the above two problems, this paper made some improvements on the construction of fusion features and genetic evolution algorithm in GERNNC model, and proposed an improved genetic evolution random neural network cluster (IGERNNC) model. The IGERNNC model uses mutual information correlation analysis method to combine resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data with single nucleotide polymorphism data for the construction of fusion features. Based on the traditional genetic evolution algorithm, elite retention strategy and large variation genetic algorithm are added to avoid the model falling into the local optimal solution. Through multiple independent experimental comparisons, the IGERNNC model can more effectively identify AD patients and extract relevant pathogenic factors, which is expected to become an effective tool in the field of AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqun Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Kong
- School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiwen Huang
- School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Wen
- School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Yu
- School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Sphingolipid control of cognitive functions in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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3
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Zhang S, Yoo S, Snyder DT, Katz BB, Henrickson A, Demeler B, Wysocki VH, Kreutzer AG, Nowick JS. A Disulfide-Stabilized Aβ that Forms Dimers but Does Not Form Fibrils. Biochemistry 2022; 61:252-264. [PMID: 35080857 PMCID: PMC9083094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aβ dimers are a basic building block of many larger Aβ oligomers and are among the most neurotoxic and pathologically relevant species in Alzheimer's disease. Homogeneous Aβ dimers are difficult to prepare, characterize, and study because Aβ forms heterogeneous mixtures of oligomers that vary in size and can rapidly aggregate into more stable fibrils. This paper introduces AβC18C33 as a disulfide-stabilized analogue of Aβ42 that forms stable homogeneous dimers in lipid environments but does not aggregate to form insoluble fibrils. The AβC18C33 peptide is readily expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by reverse-phase HPLC to give ca. 8 mg of pure peptide per liter of bacterial culture. SDS-PAGE establishes that AβC18C33 forms homogeneous dimers in the membrane-like environment of SDS and that conformational stabilization of the peptide with a disulfide bond prevents the formation of heterogeneous mixtures of oligomers. Mass spectrometric (MS) studies in the presence of dodecyl maltoside (DDM) further confirm the formation of stable noncovalent dimers. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy establishes that AβC18C33 adopts a β-sheet conformation in detergent solutions and supports a model in which the intramolecular disulfide bond induces β-hairpin folding and dimer formation in lipid environments. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies indicate that AβC18C33 does not undergo fibril formation in aqueous buffer solutions and demonstrate that the intramolecular disulfide bond prevents fibril formation. The recently published NMR structure of an Aβ42 tetramer (PDB: 6RHY) provides a working model for the AβC18C33 dimer, in which two β-hairpins assemble through hydrogen bonding to form a four-stranded antiparallel β-sheet. It is anticipated that AβC18C33 will serve as a stable, nonfibrilizing, and noncovalent Aβ dimer model for amyloid and Alzheimer's disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Stan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Dalton T. Snyder
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Benjamin B. Katz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States,Corresponding Authors: James S. Nowick – Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States. , Adam G. Kreutzer – Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States.
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States,Corresponding Authors: James S. Nowick – Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States. , Adam G. Kreutzer – Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States.
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4
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Chuang Y, Van I, Zhao Y, Xu Y. Icariin ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by influencing SIRT1 and inhibiting Aβ cascade pathogenesis. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102014. [PMID: 34407393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Of all types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease is the type that has the highest proportion of cases and is the cause of substantial medical and economic burden. The mechanism of Alzheimer's disease is closely associated with the aggregation of amyloid-β protein and causes neurotoxicity and extracellular accumulation in the brain and to intracellular neurofibrillary tangles caused by tau protein hyperphosphorylation in the brain tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated that sirtuin1 downregulation is involved in the pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. The decrease of sirtuin1 level would cause Alzheimer's disease by means of promoting the amyloidogenic pathway to generate amyloid-β species and thereby triggering amyloid-β cascade reaction, such as tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuron autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuron apoptosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease, it is necessary to develop new treatment strategies. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and based on the mechanism of the disease, tonifying the kidneys is one of the principles for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Epimedium is a well-known Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney. Therefore, investigating the influence of the components of Epimedium on the pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease may provide a reference for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the future. In this article, we summarise the effects and mechanism of icariin, the main ingredient extracted from Epimedium, in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease by regulating sirtuin1 to inhibit amyloid-β protein and improve other amyloid-β cascade pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Chuang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China; Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Iatkio Van
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, 999078, China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
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5
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Huang Z, Ji H, Shi J, Zhu X, Zhi Z. Engeletin Attenuates Aβ1-42-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation by Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway. Inflammation 2021; 43:1759-1771. [PMID: 32445069 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious neuropathologic disease characterized by aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Aβ-mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play crucial role in the development of AD. Engeletin is a flavononol glycoside that possesses anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effects of engeletin on AD have not been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the role of engeletin in AD using an in vitro AD model. Murine microglia BV-2 cells were stimulated with Aβ1-42 (5 μM) for 24 h to induce oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results showed that treatment with engeletin suppressed Aβ1-42-induced viability reduction and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in BV-2 cells. Engeletin attenuated Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress in BV-2 cells, as proved by decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Aβ1-42-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression were inhibited by engeletin treatment. Besides, engeletin inhibited Aβ1-42-induced production and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Engeletin enhanced Aβ1-42-induced activation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in BV-2 cells. Inhibition of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway reversed the inhibitory effects of engeletin on Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in BV-2 cells. Taken together, engeletin attenuated Aβ1-42-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in BV-2 cells via regulating the of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. These findings indicated that engeletin might be served as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Hu Ji
- Department of Neurology, Lianshui People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223400, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Xinchen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, 473065, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, No. 62 South Huaihai Road, Huai'an, 223002, China.
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6
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Banchelli M, Cascella R, D’Andrea C, La Penna G, Li MS, Machetti F, Matteini P, Pizzanelli S. Probing the Structure of Toxic Amyloid-β Oligomers with Electron Spin Resonance and Molecular Modeling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1150-1161. [PMID: 33724783 PMCID: PMC9284516 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural models of the toxic species involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease are of utmost importance to understand the molecular mechanism and to describe early biomarkers of the disease. Among toxic species, soluble oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are particularly important, because they are responsible for spreading cell damages over brain regions, thus rapidly impairing brain functions. In this work we obtain structural information on a carefully prepared Aβ(1-42) sample, representing a toxic state for cell cultures, by combining electron spin resonance spectroscopy and computational models. We exploited the binding of Cu2+ to Aβ(1-42) and used copper as a probe for estimating Cu-Cu distances in the oligomers by applying double electron-electron resonance (DEER) pulse sequence. The DEER trace of this sample displays a unique feature that fits well with structural models of oligomers formed by Cu-cross-linked peptide dimers. Because Cu is bound to the Aβ(1-42) N-terminus, for the first time structural constraints that are missing in reported studies are provided at physiological conditions for the Aβ N-termini. These constraints suggest the Aβ(1-42) dimer as the building block of soluble oligomers, thus changing the scenario for any kinetic model of Aβ(1-42) aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Banchelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- University of Florence, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, I-50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristiano D’Andrea
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
| | - Giovanni La Penna
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN),
Section of Roma-Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, 6 Quarter, Linh Trung Ward, Thu
Duc District, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Fabrizio Machetti
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
| | - Paolo Matteini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 FI, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzanelli
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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7
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van Gerresheim EF, Herring A, Gremer L, Müller-Schiffmann A, Keyvani K, Korth C. The interaction of insoluble Amyloid-β with soluble Amyloid-β dimers decreases Amyloid-β plaque numbers. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:603-610. [PMID: 33338256 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The heterogeneity of Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque load in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has puzzled neuropathology. Since brain Aβ plaque load does not correlate with cognitive decline, neurotoxic soluble Aβ oligomers have been championed as disease-causing agents in early AD. So far, investigating molecular interactions between soluble oligomeric Aβ and insoluble Aβ in vivo has been difficult because of the abundance of Aβ oligomer species and the kinetic equilibrium in which they coexist. Here, we investigated whether Aβ plaque heterogeneity relates to interactions of different Aβ conformers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We took advantage of transgenic mice that generate exclusively Aβ dimers (tgDimer mice) but do not develop Aβ plaques or neuroinflammation during their lifetime, crossed them to the transgenic CRND8 mice that develop plaques after 90 days and measured Aβ plaque load using immunohistochemical and biochemical assays. Furthermore, we performed in vitro thioflavin T (ThT) aggregation assays titrating synthetic Aβ42 -S8C dimers into fibril-forming synthetic Aβ42 . RESULTS We observed a lower number of Aβ plaques in the brain of double transgenic mice compared to tgCRND8 mice alone while the average plaque size remained unaltered. Corroborating these in vivo findings, synthetic Aβ-S8C dimers inhibited fibril formation of wild-type Aβ also in vitro, seen by an increased half-time in the ThT assay. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that Aβ dimers directly interfere with Aβ fibril formation in vivo and in vitro. The variable interaction of Aβ dimers with insoluble Aβ seeds could thus contribute to the heterogeneity of Aβ plaque load in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else F van Gerresheim
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arne Herring
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Kathy Keyvani
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Kreiser RP, Wright AK, Block NR, Hollows JE, Nguyen LT, LeForte K, Mannini B, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R. Therapeutic Strategies to Reduce the Toxicity of Misfolded Protein Oligomers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228651. [PMID: 33212787 PMCID: PMC7696907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant aggregation of proteins is implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Mounting evidence indicates that misfolded protein oligomers produced as intermediates in the aggregation process are potent neurotoxic agents in these diseases. Because of the transient and heterogeneous nature of these elusive aggregates, however, it has proven challenging to develop therapeutics that can effectively target them. Here, we review approaches aimed at reducing oligomer toxicity, including (1) modulating the oligomer populations (e.g., by altering the kinetics of aggregation by inhibiting, enhancing, or redirecting the process), (2) modulating the oligomer properties (e.g., through the size–hydrophobicity–toxicity relationship), (3) modulating the oligomer interactions (e.g., by protecting cell membranes by displacing oligomers), and (4) reducing oligomer toxicity by potentiating the protein homeostasis system. We analyze examples of these complementary approaches, which may lead to the development of compounds capable of preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Kreiser
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Aidan K. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Natalie R. Block
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Jared E. Hollows
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Lam T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Kathleen LeForte
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Benedetta Mannini
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK;
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.L.)
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, USA; (R.P.K.); (A.K.W.); (N.R.B.); (J.E.H.); (L.T.N.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (R.L.)
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9
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Martins S, Müller-Schiffmann A, Erichsen L, Bohndorf M, Wruck W, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C, Korth C, Adjaye J. IPSC-Derived Neuronal Cultures Carrying the Alzheimer's Disease Associated TREM2 R47H Variant Enables the Construction of an Aβ-Induced Gene Regulatory Network. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124516. [PMID: 32630447 PMCID: PMC7350255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes associated with immune response and inflammation have been identified as genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer´s disease (LOAD). The rare R47H variant within triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been shown to increase the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 2–3-fold. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a model of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) using lymphoblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients carrying the TREM2 R47H mutation, as well as from control individuals without dementia. All iPSCs efficiently differentiated into mature neuronal cultures, however AD neuronal cultures showed a distinct gene expression profile. Furthermore, manipulation of the iPSC-derived neuronal cultures with an Aβ-S8C dimer highlighted metabolic pathways, phagosome and immune response as the most perturbed pathways in AD neuronal cultures. Through the construction of an Aβ-induced gene regulatory network, we were able to identify an Aβ signature linked to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which emphasized ER-stress, as a potential causal role in LOAD. Overall, this study has shown that our AD-iPSC based model can be used for in-depth studies to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of LOAD and provides new opportunities for screening of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Martins
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (L.E.); (M.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Andreas Müller-Schiffmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.M.-S.); (C.K.)
| | - Lars Erichsen
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (L.E.); (M.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Martina Bohndorf
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (L.E.); (M.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (L.E.); (M.B.); (W.W.)
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, 20610 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.S.); (C.V.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 20610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, 20610 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.S.); (C.V.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 20610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.M.-S.); (C.K.)
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.M.); (L.E.); (M.B.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Huang YR, Liu RT. The Toxicity and Polymorphism of β-Amyloid Oligomers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4477. [PMID: 32599696 PMCID: PMC7352971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that β-amyloid oligomers (Aβos) play a key role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by inducing neuron damage and cognitive impairment, but Aβos are highly heterogeneous in their size, structure and cytotoxicity, making the corresponding studies tough to carry out. Nevertheless, a number of studies have recently made remarkable progress in the describing the characteristics and pathogenicity of Aβos. We here review the mechanisms by which Aβos exert their neuropathogenesis for AD progression, including receptor binding, cell membrane destruction, mitochondrial damage, Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation and tau pathological induction. We also summarize the characteristics and pathogenicity such as the size, morphology and cytotoxicity of dimers, trimers, Aβ*56 and spherical oligomers, and suggest that Aβos may play a different role at different phases of AD pathogenesis, resulting in differential consequences on neuronal synaptotoxicity and survival. It is warranted to investigate the temporal sequence of Aβos in AD human brain and examine the relationship between different Aβos and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui-tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
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11
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Mancuso C, Gaetani S. Editorial: Alzheimer's Disease: Original Mechanisms and Translational Impact. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:157. [PMID: 32174838 PMCID: PMC7054435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Mancuso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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