1
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Pérez‐Oliveira S, Castilla‐Silgado J, Painous C, Aldecoa I, Menéndez‐González M, Blázquez‐Estrada M, Corte D, Tomás‐Zapico C, Compta Y, Muñoz E, Lladó A, Balasa M, Aragonès G, García‐González P, Rosende‐Roca M, Boada M, Ruíz A, Pastor P, De la Casa‐Fages B, Rabano A, Sánchez‐Valle R, Molina‐Porcel L, Álvarez V. Huntingtin CAG repeats in neuropathologically confirmed tauopathies: Novel insights. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13250. [PMID: 38418081 PMCID: PMC11189778 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested a relationship between the number of CAG triplet repeats in the HTT gene and neurodegenerative diseases not related to Huntington's disease (HD). This study seeks to investigate whether the number of CAG repeats of HTT is associated with the risk of developing certain tauopathies and its influence as a modulator of the clinical and neuropathological phenotype. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the potential of polyglutamine staining as a neuropathological screening. We genotyped the HTT gene CAG repeat number and APOE-ℰ isoforms in a cohort of patients with neuropathological diagnoses of tauopathies (n=588), including 34 corticobasal degeneration (CBD), 98 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 456 Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, we genotyped a control group of 1070 patients, of whom 44 were neuropathologic controls. We identified significant differences in the number of patients with pathological HTT expansions in the CBD group (2.7%) and PSP group (3.2%) compared to control subjects (0.2%). A significant increase in the size of the HTT CAG repeats was found in the AD compared to the control group, influenced by the presence of the Apoliprotein E (APOE)-ℰ4 isoform. Post-mortem assessments uncovered tauopathy pathology with positive polyglutamine aggregates, with a slight predominance in the neostriatum for PSP and CBD cases and somewhat greater limbic involvement in the AD case. Our results indicated a link between HTT CAG repeat expansion with other non-HD pathology, suggesting they could share common neurodegenerative pathways. These findings support that genetic or histological screening for HTT repeat expansions should be considered in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pérez‐Oliveira
- Laboratory of GeneticsHospital Universitario Central de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
| | - Juan Castilla‐Silgado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology)University of OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Cèlia Painous
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital Clinic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- UB Neuro Institut de Neurociències, Maeztu CenterUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona‐Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB‐IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank‐Hospital Clinic‐FRCB‐IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Pathology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic CenterHospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Manuel Menéndez‐González
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
- Department of NeurologyHospital Universitario Central de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Marta Blázquez‐Estrada
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
- Department of NeurologyHospital Universitario Central de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- Department of MedicineUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Daniela Corte
- Biobank of Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA)OviedoSpain
| | - Cristina Tomás‐Zapico
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology)University of OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital Clinic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- UB Neuro Institut de Neurociències, Maeztu CenterUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona‐Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB‐IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Esteban Muñoz
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital Clinic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- UB Neuro Institut de Neurociències, Maeztu CenterUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona‐Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB‐IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology Service, Hospital Clínic, FRCB‐IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology Service, Hospital Clínic, FRCB‐IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gemma Aragonès
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank‐Hospital Clinic‐FRCB‐IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pablo García‐González
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona – Universitat Internacional de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Maitée Rosende‐Roca
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona – Universitat Internacional de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona – Universitat Internacional de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Agustín Ruíz
- Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona – Universitat Internacional de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol and The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) BadalonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Beatriz De la Casa‐Fages
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
| | - Alberto Rabano
- Neuropathology Department and Brain Tissue BankCIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer CenterMadridSpain
| | - Raquel Sánchez‐Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology Service, Hospital Clínic, FRCB‐IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Molina‐Porcel
- UB Neuro Institut de Neurociències, Maeztu CenterUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Alzheimer's Disease and other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology Service, Hospital Clínic, FRCB‐IDIBAPS, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Laboratory of GeneticsHospital Universitario Central de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)OviedoSpain
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2
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Ruiz de Sabando A, Ciosi M, Galbete A, Cumming SA, Monckton DG, Ramos-Arroyo MA. Somatic CAG repeat instability in intermediate alleles of the HTT gene and its potential association with a clinical phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:770-778. [PMID: 38433266 PMCID: PMC11220145 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by ≥36 CAGs in the HTT gene. Intermediate alleles (IAs) (27-35 CAGs) are not considered HD-causing, but their potential association with neurocognitive symptoms remains controversial. As HTT somatic CAG expansion influences HD onset, we hypothesised that IAs are somatically unstable, and that somatic CAG expansion may drive phenotypic presentation in some IA carriers. We quantified HTT somatic CAG expansions by MiSeq sequencing in the blood DNA of 164 HD subjects and 191 IA (symptomatic and control) carriers, and in the brain DNA of a symptomatic 33 CAG carrier. We also performed genotype-phenotype analysis. The phenotype of symptomatic IA carriers was characterised by motor (85%), cognitive (27%) and/or behavioural (29%) signs, with a late (58.7 ± 18.6 years), but not CAG-dependent, age at onset. IAs displayed somatic expansion that were CAG and age-dependent in blood DNA, with 0.4% and 0.01% of DNA molecules expanding by CAG and year, respectively. Somatic expansions of +1 and +2 CAGs were detected in the brain of the individual with 33 CAGs, with the highest expansion frequency in the putamen (10.3%) and the lowest in the cerebellum (4.8%). Somatic expansion in blood DNA was not different in symptomatic vs. control IA carriers. In conclusion, we show that HTT IAs are somatically unstable, but we found no association with HD-like phenotypes. It is plausible, however, that some IAs, close to the HD pathological threshold and with a predisposing genetic background, could manifest with neurocognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Ruiz de Sabando
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Fundación Miguel Servet-Navarrabiomed, IdiSNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marc Ciosi
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Arkaitz Galbete
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Mathematics, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sarah A Cumming
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Darren G Monckton
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Maria A Ramos-Arroyo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Fundación Miguel Servet-Navarrabiomed, IdiSNA, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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3
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Chen X, Ma L, Gan K, Pan X, Chen S. Phosphorylated proteomics-based analysis of the effects of semaglutide on hippocampi of high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:63. [PMID: 36998046 PMCID: PMC10064769 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of semaglutide on phosphorylated protein expression, and its neuroprotective mechanism in hippocampi of high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. In total, 16 obese mice were randomly divided into model group (H group) and semaglutide group (S group), with 8 mice in each group. In addition, a control group (C group) was set up comprising 8 C57BL/6J male normal mice. The Morris water maze assay was conducted to detect cognitive function changes in the mice, and to observe and compare body weight and expression levels of serological indicators between groups after the intervention. Phosphorylated proteomic analysis was performed to detect the hippocampal protein profile in mice. Proteins up-regulated twofold or down-regulated 0.5-fold in each group and with t-test p < 0.05 were defined as differentially phosphorylated proteins and were analyzed bioinformatically. The results showed that the high-fat diet-induced obese mice had reduced body weight, improved oxidative stress indexes, significantly increased the percentage of water maze trips and the number of platform crossings, and significantly shortened the water maze platform latency after semaglutide intervention. The phosphorylated proteomics results identified that 44 overlapping proteins among the three experimental groups. Most of the phosphorylated proteins identified were closely associated with pathways of neurodegeneration-multiple diseases. In addition, we identified Huntington, Neurofilament light chain, Neurofilament heavy chain as drug targets. This study demonstrates for the first time that semaglutide exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing HTT Ser1843, NEFH Ser 661 phosphorylation and increasing NEFL Ser 473 phosphorylation in hippocampal tissue of obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kexin Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
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4
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Menéndez-González M. Reply to comment on "A series of cases with Huntington-like phenotype and intermediate repeats in HTT" by Acuña and colleagues. J Neurol Sci 2022; 442:120410. [PMID: 36087538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Menéndez-González
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
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5
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Pérez‐Oliveira S, Álvarez I, Rosas I, Menendez‐González M, Blázquez‐Estrada M, Aguilar M, Corte D, Buongiorno M, Molina‐Porcel L, Aldecoa I, Martí MJ, Sánchez‐Juan P, Infante J, González‐Aramburu I, García‐González P, Rosende‐Roca M, Boada M, Ruiz A, Periñán MT, Macías‐García D, Muñoz‐Delgado L, Gómez‐Garre P, Mir P, Clarimón J, Lleo A, Alcolea D, De la Casa‐Fages B, Duarte I, Álvarez V, Pastor P. Intermediate and Expanded
HTT
Alleles and the Risk for α‐Synucleinopathies. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1841-1849. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.29153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa and Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
| | - Irene Rosas
- Laboratorio de Genética Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Manuel Menendez‐González
- Department of Neurology Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo Spain
| | - Marta Blázquez‐Estrada
- Department of Neurology Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa and Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniela Corte
- Biobank of Principado de Asturias Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) Oviedo Spain
| | - Mariateresa Buongiorno
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa and Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua de Terrassa Terrassa, Barcelona Spain
| | - Laura Molina‐Porcel
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer Barcelona Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank‐Hospital Clinic‐IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank‐Hospital Clinic‐IDIBAPS Barcelona Spain
- Pathology Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - María J. Martí
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Maeztu Center, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez‐Juan
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Alzheimer’s Centre Reina Sofia‐CIEN Foundation‐ISCIII Madrid Spain
| | - Jon Infante
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Neurology Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL) Santander Spain
| | - Isabel González‐Aramburu
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Neurology Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL) Santander Spain
| | - Pablo García‐González
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Barcelona Spain
| | - Maitée Rosende‐Roca
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Barcelona Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Barcelona Spain
| | - María Teresa Periñán
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | - Daniel Macías‐García
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz‐Delgado
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | - Pilar Gómez‐Garre
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Sevilla Seville Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Alberto Lleo
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- CIBERNED Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Beatriz De la Casa‐Fages
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
| | - Israel Duarte
- Laboratorio de Genética Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) Oviedo Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Neurology University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol and The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona Barcelona Spain
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6
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Intermediate alleles of HTT: A new pathway in longevity. J Neurol Sci 2022; 438:120274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Mazzeo S, Emiliani F, Bagnoli S, Padiglioni S, Conti V, Ingannato A, Giacomucci G, Balestrini J, Ferrari C, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Bessi V. Huntingtin gene intermediate alleles influence the progression from Subjective Cognitive Decline to Mild Cognitive Impairment: a 14-year follow-up study. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:1600-1609. [PMID: 35181957 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntingtin (HTT) is a gene containing a key region of CAG repeats. HTT alleles containing from 27 to 35 CAG repeats are termed as intermediate alleles (IAs). We aim to assess the effect of IAs on progression of cognitive impairment in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). METHODS We included 106 patients with SCD. All the patients underwent neuropsychological assessments and blood sample collections at baseline. Patients were followed-up for a median time of 13.75 (IQR=8.17) years. We genotyped APOE and HTT at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS Eleven out of 106 patients (10.38% [95%C.I.=4.57-16.18]) were carriers of IA (IA+ ). During the follow-up, 44 patients (41.51% [95%C.I.=32.13-50.89]) progressed to MCI (p-SCD), while 62 patients (58.49% [95% C.I.=49.11-67.87]) did not (np-SCD). Rate of progression to MCI was associated with IAs, age at baseline, and APOE ɛ4. We dichotomized age at baseline (<60 = younger patients [YP], >60 = older patients [OP]) and classified patients into four groups: YP/IAs- , YP/IAs+ , OP/IAs- and OP/IAs+ . OP/IAs+ had a higher proportion of progression from SCD to MCI (85.71% [95%C.I.=59.79-100]) as compared to YP/IAs- (28.57% [95%C.I.=13.60-43.54], χ2 =15.25, p<0.001) and OP/IAs- (45.00% [95%C.I.=32.41-57.59], χ2 =7.903, p=0.005). We classified patients according to APOE and IA as: ɛ4- /IA- , ɛ4- /IA+ , ɛ4+ /IA- , ɛ4+ /IA+ . Proportion of progression in ɛ4+ /IA+ group (100%) was higher as compared to ɛ4- /IA- (33.33% [95%C.I.=21.96-44.71], χ2 =14.43, p <0.001) and ɛ4+ /IA- (55.56% [95%C.I.=36.81-74.30], χ2 =4.60, p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS IAs interact with age and APOE ɛ4 increasing the risk of progression to MCI in SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mazzeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Emiliani
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Padiglioni
- Unit Clinic of Organizations Careggi University Hospital, 50139, Florence, Italy.,Regional Referral Centre for Relational Criticalities - Tuscany Region, Italy
| | | | - Assunta Ingannato
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Giacomucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Juri Balestrini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Moschini V, Mazzeo S, Bagnoli S, Padiglioni S, Emiliani F, Giacomucci G, Morinelli C, Ingannato A, Freni T, Belloni L, Ferrari C, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Bessi V. CAG Repeats Within the Non-pathological Range in the HTT Gene Influence Personality Traits in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline: A 13-Year Follow-Up Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:826135. [PMID: 35370826 PMCID: PMC8965717 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.826135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HTT is a gene containing a key region of CAG repeats. When expanded beyond 39 repeats, Huntington disease (HD) develops. HTT genes with <35 repeats are not associated with HD. The biological function of CAG repeat expansion below the non-pathological threshold is not well understood. In fact higher number of repeats in HTT confer advantageous changes in brain structure and general intelligence, but several studies focused on establishing the association between CAG expansions and susceptibility to psychiatric disturbances and to other neurodegenerative disease than HD. We hypothesized that HTT CAG repeat length below the pathological threshold might influence mood and personality traits in a longitudinal sample of individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline. METHODS We included 54 patients with SCD. All patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological battery at baseline, APOE genotyping and analysis of HTT alleles. We used the Big Five Factors Questionnaire (BFFQ) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), respectively, to assess personality traits of patients and depression at baseline. Patients who did not progress to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) had at least 5-year follow-up time. RESULTS In the whole sample, CAG repeat number in the shorter HTT allele was inversely correlated with conscientiousness (Pearson = -0.364, p = 0.007). There was no correlation between HDRS and CAG repeats. During the follow-up, 14 patients [25.93% (95% C.I. = 14.24-37.61)] progressed to MCI (MCI+) and 40 [74.07% (95% C.I. = 62.39-85.76)] did not (MCI-). When we performed the same analysis in the MCI+ group we found that: CAG repeat length on the shorter allele was inversely correlated with energy (Pearson = 0.639, p = 0.014) and conscientiousness (Pearson = -0.695, p = 0.006). CAG repeat length on the longer allele was inversely correlated with conscientiousness (Pearson = -0.901, p < 0.001) and directly correlated with emotional stability (Pearson = 0.639, p = 0.014). These associations were confirmed also by multivariate analysis. We found no correlations between BFFQ parameters and CAG repeats in the MCI- group. DISCUSSION Personality traits and CAG repeat length in the intermediate range have been associated with progression of cognitive decline and neuropathological findings consistent with AD. We showed that CAG repeat lengths in the HTT gene within the non-pathological range influence personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Moschini
- Strutture Organizzative Dipartimentali Neurologia 1, Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e Degli Organi di Senso, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Padiglioni
- Regional Referral Centre for Relational Criticalities, Florence, Italy.,Unit Clinic of Organizations Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Emiliani
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Giacomucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmen Morinelli
- Strutture Organizzative Dipartimentali Neurologia 1, Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e Degli Organi di Senso, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Assunta Ingannato
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Freni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Belloni
- Regional Referral Centre for Relational Criticalities, Florence, Italy.,Unit Clinic of Organizations Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Nikitina M, Bragina E, Nazarenko M, Alifirova V. The role of alleles with an intermediate number of trinucleotide repeats in Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:42-50. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212207142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Ingannato A, Bagnoli S, Mazzeo S, Bessi V, Matà S, Del Mastio M, Lombardi G, Ferrari C, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. Neurofilament Light Chain and Intermediate HTT Alleles as Combined Biomarkers in Italian ALS Patients. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:695049. [PMID: 34539331 PMCID: PMC8446383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the possible implication of the two biomarkers, intermediate alleles (IAs) of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in plasma, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Methods We analyzed IAs in a cohort of 106 Italian ALS patients and measured the plasma NfL levels in 20% of the patients of the cohort. We correlated the two biomarkers with clinical phenotypes. Results Intermediate alleles were present in 7.5% of the patients of our cohort, a frequency higher than that reported in general population. Plasma NfL levels increased with age at onset (p < 0.05). Patients with bulbar onset (BO) had higher plasma NfL concentration (CI −0.61 to −0.06, p = 0.02) and a later age at onset of the disease (CI −24.78 to −4.93, p = 0.006) with respect to the spinal onset (SO) form. Additionally, two of the patients, with IAs and plasma NfL concentration lower with respect to normal alleles’ carriers, presented an age at onset higher than the mean of the entire cohort. Conclusion According to our findings, plasma NfL and IAs of HTT gene may represent potential biomarkers in ALS, providing evidence of a possible implication in clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Bessi
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Matà
- SOD Neurologia 1, Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e Degli Organi di Senso, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Del Mastio
- SOD Neurologia 1, Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e Degli Organi di Senso, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Ferrari
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
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Bessi V, Mazzeo S, Bagnoli S, Giacomucci G, Ingannato A, Ferrari C, Padiglioni S, Franchi V, Sorbi S, Nacmias B. The Effect of CAG Repeats within the Non-Pathological Range in the HTT Gene on Cognitive Functions in Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1051. [PMID: 34200421 PMCID: PMC8228729 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11061051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Huntingtin gene (HTT) is within a class of genes containing a key region of CAG repeats. When expanded beyond 39 repeats, Huntington disease (HD) develops. Individuals with less than 35 repeats are not associated with HD. Increasing evidence has suggested that CAG repeats play a role in modulating brain development and brain function. However, very few studies have investigated the effect of CAG repeats in the non-pathological range on cognitive performances in non-demented individuals. In this study, we aimed to test how CAG repeats' length influences neuropsychological scores in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We included 75 patients (46 SCD and 29 MCI). All patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological battery and analysis of HTT alleles to quantify the number of CAG repeats. Results: CAG repeat number was positively correlated with scores of tests assessing for executive function, visual-spatial ability, and memory in SCD patients, while in MCI patients, it was inversely correlated with scores of visual-spatial ability and premorbid intelligence. When we performed a multiple regression analysis, we found that these relationships still remained, also when adjusting for possible confounding factors. Interestingly, logarithmic models better described the associations between CAG repeats and neuropsychological scores. CAG repeats in the HTT gene within the non-pathological range influenced neuropsychological performances depending on global cognitive status. The logarithmic model suggested that the positive effect of CAG repeats in SCD patients decreases as the number of repeats grows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Salvatore Mazzeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Giulia Giacomucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Assunta Ingannato
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Sonia Padiglioni
- Regional Referral Centre for Relational Criticalities, 50139 Tuscany Region, Italy;
- Unit Clinic of Organizations Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Franchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (S.M.); (S.B.); (G.G.); (A.I.); (C.F.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.N.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy
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Huntington's disease: lessons from prion disorders. J Neurol 2021; 268:3493-3504. [PMID: 33625583 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research on the prion protein and its associated diseases have caused a paradigm shift in our understanding of infectious agents. More recent years have been marked by a surge of studies supporting the application of these findings to a broad array of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Here, we present evidence to suggest that Huntington's disease, a monogenic disorder of the central nervous system, shares features with prion disorders and that, it too, may be governed by similar mechanisms. We further posit that these similarities could suggest that, like other common neurodegenerative disorders, sporadic forms of Huntington's disease may exist.
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Axenhus M, Winblad B, Tjernberg LO, Schedin-Weiss S. Huntingtin Levels are Elevated in Hippocampal Post-Mortem Samples of Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:858-867. [PMID: 33272184 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201203125622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently identified Huntingtin (Htt), the pathogenic protein in Huntington's disease, as a mediator of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in an amyloid precursor protein (APP) knock-in mouse model of AD. That finding prompted us to examine if Htt is accumulated in the brains of AD patients and in which cell type Htt is present in the AD brain. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether location and levels of Htt are affected in hippocampus and frontal cortex in AD. METHODS Brains from AD patients (n=11) and controls (n=11) were stained for Htt using immunohistochemistry and signal intensity of Htt was quantified and localized in subregions and neurons. Confocal microscopy was used to characterize neuronal Htt localisation and its relationship with tau tangles and astrocytes. RESULTS Htt levels were increased in neuronal cells in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, in CA1 and CA3 in hippocampus and in layer III of the frontal cortex. Htt was found in the soma, perinuclear space, thin neurites and nucleus of pyramidal neurons. Htt was present in neurons containing tau tangles but did not colocalize with astrocytes. CONCLUSION Htt accumulates in pyramidal neuron-rich areas including hippocampal subregions associated with memory and frontal cortex layer III. The accumulation of Htt in AD shows distinct cellular and morphological patterns and is not present in astrocytes. Clearly, further research is warranted to elucidate the role of Htt as a mediator of AD pathology and the potential use of Htt as a target in future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Axenhus
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Genetic variation in APOE, GRN, and TP53 are phenotype modifiers in frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 99:99.e15-99.e22. [PMID: 32972771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical, genetic, and pathologic heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of APOƐ4, rs5848 in GRN, and rs1042522 in TP53 gene as disease risk factors and/or phenotype modifiers in 440 FTD patients, including 175 C9orf72 expansion carriers. We found that the C9orf72 expansion carriers showing an earlier age at onset (p < 0.001). Among the clinical groups, the FTD-MND (motoneuron disease) showed the lowest survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.12), and the progressive nonfluent aphasia group showed the highest onset age (p = 0.03). In our cohort, the rs1042522 in TP53 was associated with disease onset (p = 0.02) and survival (HR = 1.73) and rs5848 GRN with a significantly shorter survival in CC homozygous patients (HR = 1.98). The frequency of APOƐ4 carriers was significantly increased in the C9orf72 noncarriers (p = 0.022). Although validation of our findings is necessary, our results suggest that TP53, GRN, and APOE genes may act as phenotype modifiers in FTD and should be considered in future clinical trials.
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Role for ATXN1, ATXN2, and HTT intermediate repeats in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 87:139.e1-139.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Parkinsonism with a Hint of Huntington's from 29 CAG Repeats in HTT. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100245. [PMID: 31546689 PMCID: PMC6826852 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is caused by at least 36 cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in an HTT gene allele, but repeat tracts in the intermediate range (27-35 repeats) also display a subtle phenotype. This patient had a slightly elongated CAG repeat tract (29 repeats), a prominent family history of Parkinson's disease (PD), and a clinical phenotype mostly consistent with PD, but early dystonia and poor levodopa response. Neurophysiological test results were more consistent with Huntington's disease (HD) than PD. It is suggested that the intermediate allele modulated the clinical phenotype of PD in this patient.
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Savitt D, Jankovic J. Clinical phenotype in carriers of intermediate alleles in the huntingtin gene. J Neurol Sci 2019; 402:57-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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