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Kapogiannis D, Manolopoulos A, Mullins R, Avgerinos K, Delgado-Peraza F, Mustapic M, Nogueras-Ortiz C, Yao PJ, Pucha KA, Brooks J, Chen Q, Haas SS, Ge R, Hartnell LM, Cookson MR, Egan JM, Frangou S, Mattson MP. Brain responses to intermittent fasting and the healthy living diet in older adults. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1668-1678.e5. [PMID: 38901423 PMCID: PMC11305918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Diet may promote brain health in metabolically impaired older individuals. In an 8-week randomized clinical trial involving 40 cognitively intact older adults with insulin resistance, we examined the effects of 5:2 intermittent fasting and the healthy living diet on brain health. Although intermittent fasting induced greater weight loss, the two diets had comparable effects in improving insulin signaling biomarkers in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles, decreasing the brain-age-gap estimate (reflecting the pace of biological aging of the brain) on magnetic resonance imaging, reducing brain glucose on magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and improving blood biomarkers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with minimal changes in cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Intermittent fasting and healthy living improved executive function and memory, with intermittent fasting benefiting more certain cognitive measures. In exploratory analyses, sex, body mass index, and apolipoprotein E and SLC16A7 genotypes modulated diet effects. The study provides a blueprint for assessing brain effects of dietary interventions and motivates further research on intermittent fasting and continuous diets for brain health optimization. For further information, please see ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02460783.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Apostolos Manolopoulos
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger Mullins
- Morgan State University, Core Lab, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Francheska Delgado-Peraza
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maja Mustapic
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pamela J Yao
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krishna A Pucha
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janet Brooks
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shalaila S Haas
- Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruiyang Ge
- Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa M Hartnell
- Intramural Research Program, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lissek T. Aging as a Consequence of the Adaptation-Maladaptation Dilemma. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300654. [PMID: 38299389 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
In aging, the organism is unable to counteract certain harmful influences over its lifetime which leads to progressive dysfunction and eventually death, thus delineating aging as one failed process of adaptation to a set of aging stimuli. A central problem in understanding aging is hence to explain why the organism cannot adapt to these aging stimuli. The adaptation-maladaptation theory of aging proposes that in aging adaptation processes such as adaptive transcription, epigenetic remodeling, and metabolic plasticity drive dysfunction themselves over time (maladaptation) and thereby cause aging-related disorders such as cancer and metabolic dysregulation. The central dilemma of aging is thus that the set of adaptation mechanisms that the body uses to deal with internal and external stressors acts as a stressor itself and cannot be effectively counteracted. The only available option for the organism to decrease maladaptation may be a program to progressively reduce the output of adaptive cascades (e.g., via genomic methylation) which then leads to reduced physiological adaptation capacity and syndromes like frailty, immunosenescence, and cognitive decline. The adaptation-maladaptation dilemma of aging entails that certain biological mechanisms can simultaneously protect against aging as well as drive aging. The key to longevity may lie in uncoupling adaptation from maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lissek
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Pantiya P, Thonusin C, Chunchai T, Pintana H, Ongnok B, Nawara W, Arunsak B, Kongkaew A, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Long-term lifestyle intervention is superior to transient modification for neuroprotection in D-galactose-induced aging rats. Life Sci 2023; 334:122248. [PMID: 37940069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether transient dietary restriction or aerobic exercise in young adulthood exert long-lasting protection against brain aging later in life. MAIN METHODS Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups and given either normal saline as a vehicle (n = 8) or 150 mg/kg/day of D-galactose (n = 40) for 28 weeks, the D-galactose being used to induce aging. At week 13 of the experiment, D-galactose-treated rats were further divided into 5 groups, 1) no intervention, 2) transient dietary restriction for 6 weeks (week 13-18), 3) transient exercise for 6 weeks (week 13-18), 4) long-term dietary restriction for 16 weeks (week 13-28), and 5) long-term exercise for 16 weeks (week 13-28). At the end of week 28, cognitive function was examined, followed by molecular studies in the hippocampus. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that either long-term dietary restriction or aerobic exercise effectively attenuated cognitive function in D-galactose-treated rats via the attenuation of oxidative stress, cellular senescence, Alzheimer's-like pathology, neuroinflammation, and improvements in mitochondria, brain metabolism, adult neurogenesis, and synaptic integrity. Although transient interventions provided benefits in some brain parameters in D-galactose-treated rats, an improvement in cognitive function was not observed. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggested that transient lifestyle interventions failed to exert a long-lasting protective effect against brain aging. Hence, novel drugs mimicking the neuroprotective effect of long-term dietary restriction or exercise and the combination of the two since young age appear to be more appropriate treatments for the elderly who are unable to engage in long-term dietary restriction or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharapong Pantiya
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Ongnok
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wichwara Nawara
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Aphisek Kongkaew
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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