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Robinson-Bert K, Woods AB. Effectiveness of synchronous action observation and mental practice on upper extremity motor recovery after stroke. Occup Ther Health Care 2024; 38:196-213. [PMID: 36309807 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2022.2138675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group study was to examine the effect of group synchronous action observation/mental practice intervention compared to usual rehabilitation care on upper extremity motor recovery after stroke. The intervention group (n = 25) received usual care, consisting of a minimum of 3 hours of rehabilitation services per day, 5 days a week, plus group synchronous action observation/mental practice sessions 3 times per week and the control group (n = 26) received usual care. Outcome measures included the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire Short Version (KVIQ-10), the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-UE) of affected upper extremity motor function only and The Box and Block Test (BBT). Although there were no statistically significant differences in upper extremity motor function between the two groups, a subgroup analysis of the intervention group identified statistically significant (FMA-UE: p < .001; BBT: p = .04) and Minimally Important Clinical Differences on upper extremity motor recovery between patients with behaviors demonstrating more versus less commitment to the intervention. Group synchronous action observation/mental practice is a promising intervention for patients demonstrating commitment to actively participating in the intervention to improve outcomes on upper extremity motor recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne B Woods
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
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Liu Y, Hu J. Effect of Object on Kinesthetic Motor Imagery in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study Based on Eye-Tracking Methodology. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:167-183. [PMID: 38282833 PMCID: PMC10822112 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s435258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social disturbance is a significant autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptom. Action representation, which is a fundamental component of social interaction, can be investigated through kinesthetic motor imagery (KMI). KMI has been commonly studied with the well-developed laterality judgment paradigm, wherein participants are required to discriminate the laterality of a hand rotated by different angles along one or more axes. Here, we investigated the KMI processing in individuals with ASD by hand laterality judgment paradigm with eye-tracking methodology. Methods The current study included 22 participants with ASD and 22 typical developing (TD) peers matched for age, gender, and intelligence. Participants were asked to judge the laterality of hand-with-tooth brush images. Results Compared to the TD controls, individuals with ASD performed KMI with lower accuracy and longer response time in both correct and incorrect action conditions. The incorrect action representation had greater effect on KMI for individuals with ASD. Differences in eye-movement patterns were also observed, characterized by individuals with ASD were more focused on the object area while TD peers were more focused on the hand area. Conclusion Results suggest that while altered KMI performance was observed, the incorrect action representation elicited more engagement of KMI in both groups. The object-centered eye-movement pattern may contribute to the refine of motor simulation intervention for individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinsheng Hu
- Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
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Renner E, Xie Y, Subiaul F, Hamilton AFDC. Are there dedicated neural mechanisms for imitation? A study of grist and mills. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291771. [PMID: 37751437 PMCID: PMC10522020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Are there brain regions that are specialized for the execution of imitative actions? We compared two hypotheses of imitation: the mirror neuron system (MNS) hypothesis predicts frontal and parietal engagement which is specific to imitation, while the Grist-Mills hypothesis predicts no difference in brain activation between imitative and matched non-imitative actions. Our delayed imitation fMRI paradigm included two tasks, one where correct performance was defined by a spatial rule and another where it was defined by an item-based rule. For each task, participants could learn a sequence from a video of a human hand performing the task, from a matched "Ghost" condition, or from text instructions. When participants executed actions after seeing the Hand demonstration (compared to Ghost and Text demonstrations), no activation differences occurred in frontal or parietal regions; rather, activation was localized primarily to occipital cortex. This adds to a growing body of evidence which indicates that imitation-specific responses during action execution do not occur in canonical mirror regions, contradicting the mirror neuron system hypothesis. However, activation differences did occur between action execution in the Hand and Ghost conditions outside MNS regions, which runs counter to the Grist-Mills hypothesis. We conclude that researchers should look beyond these hypotheses as well as classical MNS regions to describe the ways in which imitative actions are implemented by the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Renner
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yishan Xie
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francys Subiaul
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Antonia F. de C. Hamilton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Binks JA, Wilson CJ, Van Schaik P, Eaves DL. Motor learning without physical practice: The effects of combined action observation and motor imagery practice on cup-stacking speed. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 68:102468. [PMID: 37665909 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study we explored training effects for combined action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) instructions on a complex cup-stacking task, without physical practice. Using a Graeco-Latin Square design, we randomly assigned twenty-six participants into four groups. This counterbalanced the within-participant factor of practice condition (AO + MI, AO, MI, Control) across four cup-stacking tasks, which varied in their complexity. On each of the three consecutive practice days participants experienced twenty trials under each of the three mental practice conditions. On each trial, a first-person perspective video depicted bilateral cup-stacking performed by an experienced model. During AO, participants passively observed this action, responding only to occasional colour cues. For AO + MI, participants imagined performing the observed action and synchronised their concurrent MI with the display. For MI, a sequence of pictures cued imagery of each stage of the task. Analyses revealed a significant main effect of practice condition both at the 'surprise' post-test (Day 3) and at the one-week retention test. At both time points movement execution times were significantly shorter for AO + MI compared with AO, MI and the Control. Execution times were also shorter overall at the retention compared with the post-test. These results demonstrate that a complex novel motor task can be acquired without physical training. Practitioners can therefore use AO + MI practice to supplement physical practice and optimise skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Binks
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
| | - C J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - P Van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - D L Eaves
- Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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Binks JA, Emerson JR, Scott MW, Wilson C, van Schaik P, Eaves DL. Enhancing upper-limb neurorehabilitation in chronic stroke survivors using combined action observation and motor imagery therapy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1097422. [PMID: 36937513 PMCID: PMC10017546 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1097422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction For people who have had a stroke, recovering upper-limb function is a barrier to independence. When movement is difficult, mental practice can be used to complement physical therapy. In this within-participants study we investigated the effects of combined action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) therapy on upper-limb recovery in chronic stroke survivors. Methods A Graeco-Latin Square design was used to counterbalance four mental practice conditions (AO + MI, AO, MI, Control) across four cup-stacking tasks of increasing complexity. Once a week, for five consecutive weeks, participants (n = 10) performed 16 mental practice trials under each condition. Each trial displayed a 1st person perspective of a cup-stacking task performed by an experienced model. For AO, participants watched each video and responded to an occasional color cue. For MI, participants imagined the effort and sensation of performing the action; cued by a series of still-images. For combined AO + MI, participants observed a video of the action while they simultaneously imagined performing the same action in real-time. At three time points (baseline; post-test; two-week retention test) participants physically executed the three mentally practiced cup-stacking tasks, plus a fourth unpractised sequence (Control), as quickly and accurately as possible. Results Mean movement execution times were significantly reduced overall in the post-test and the retention test compared to baseline. At retention, movement execution times were significantly shorter for combined AO + MI compared to both MI and the Control. Individual participants reported clinically important changes in quality of life (Stroke Impact Scale) and positive qualitative experiences of AO + MI (social validation). Discussion These results indicate that when physical practice is unsuitable, combined AO + MI therapy could offer an effective adjunct for neurorehabilitation in chronic stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Aaron Binks
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Reyes Emerson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Allied Health Professions, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher Wilson
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Paul van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lloyd Eaves
- Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Martel M, Glover S. TMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects the timing of motor imagery but not overt action: Further support for the motor-cognitive model. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114125. [PMID: 36167217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Motor-Cognitive model suggests a functional dissociation between motor imagery and overt action, in contrast to the Functional Equivalence view of common processes between the two behaviours. According to the Motor-Cognitive model, motor imagery differs from overt action primarily through the use of executive resources to monitor and elaborate a motor image during execution, which can result in a lack of correspondence between motor imagery and its overt action counterpart. The present study examined the importance of executive resources in motor imagery by using TMS to impair the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while measuring the time to complete imagined versus overt actions. In two experiments, TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex slowed motor imagery but did not affect overt actions. TMS over the same region also interfered with performance of a mental calculation task, though it did not reliably affect less demanding cognitive tasks also thought to rely on executive functions. Taken together, these results were consistent with the Motor-Cognitive model but not with the idea of functional equivalence. The implications of these results for the theoretical understanding of motor imagery, and potential applications of the Motor-Cognitive model to the use of motor imagery in training and rehabilitation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Martel
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, UK.
| | - Scott Glover
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, UK
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Eaves DL, Hodges NJ, Buckingham G, Buccino G, Vogt S. Enhancing motor imagery practice using synchronous action observation. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022:10.1007/s00426-022-01768-7. [PMID: 36574019 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-022-01768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a variety of ways in which practising motor actions by means of motor imagery (MI) can be enhanced via synchronous action observation (AO), that is, by AO + MI. We review the available research on the (mostly facilitatory) behavioural effects of AO + MI practice in the early stages of skill acquisition, discuss possible theoretical explanations, and consider several issues related to the choice and presentation schedules of suitable models. We then discuss considerations related to AO + MI practice at advanced skill levels, including expertise effects, practical recommendations such as focussing attention on specific aspects of the observed action, using just-ahead models, and possible effects of the perspective in which the observed action is presented. In section "Coordinative AO + MI", we consider scenarios where the observer imagines performing an action that complements or responds to the observed action, as a promising and yet under-researched application of AO + MI training. In section "The dual action simulation hypothesis of AO + MI", we review the neurocognitive hypothesis that AO + MI practice involves two parallel action simulations, and we consider opportunities for future research based on recent neuroimaging work on parallel motor representations. In section "AO + MI training in motor rehabilitation", we review applications of AO, MI, and AO + MI training in the field of neurorehabilitation. Taken together, this evidence-based, exploratory review opens a variety of avenues for future research and applications of AO + MI practice, highlighting several clear advantages over the approaches of purely AO- or MI-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Eaves
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Nicola J Hodges
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gavin Buckingham
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele and Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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Dos Anjos T, Guillot A, Kerautret Y, Daligault S, Di Rienzo F. Corticomotor Plasticity Underlying Priming Effects of Motor Imagery on Force Performance. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111537. [PMID: 36421861 PMCID: PMC9688534 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurophysiological processes underlying the priming effects of motor imagery (MI) on force performance remain poorly understood. Here, we tested whether the priming effects of embedded MI practice involved short-term changes in corticomotor connectivity. In a within-subjects counterbalanced experimental design, participants (n = 20) underwent a series of experimental sessions consisting of successive maximal isometric contractions of elbow flexor muscles. During inter-trial rest periods, we administered MI, action observation (AO), and a control passive recovery condition. We collected electromyograms (EMG) from both agonists and antagonists of the force task, in addition to electroencephalographic (EEG) brain potentials during force trials. Force output was higher during MI compared to AO and control conditions (both p < 0.01), although fatigability was similar across experimental conditions. We also found a weaker relationship between triceps brachii activation and force output during MI and AO compared to the control condition. Imaginary coherence topographies of alpha (8−12 Hz) oscillations revealed increased connectivity between EEG sensors from central scalp regions and EMG signals from agonists during MI, compared to AO and control. Present results suggest that the priming effects of MI on force performance are mediated by a more efficient cortical drive to motor units yielding reduced agonist/antagonist coactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhanie Dos Anjos
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, CEDEX, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Allyane, 84 quai Joseph Gillet, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, CEDEX, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75000 Paris, France
| | - Yann Kerautret
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, CEDEX, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- CAPSIX, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Daligault
- Centre de Recherche Multimodal et Pluridisciplinaire en Imagerie du Vivant (CERMEP), Department of Magnetoencephalography, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Univ Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, EA 7424, CEDEX, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-7243-1625
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O’Shea H. Mapping relational links between motor imagery, action observation, action-related language, and action execution. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:984053. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.984053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actions can be physically executed, observed, imagined, or simply thought about. Unifying mental processes, such as simulation, emulation, or predictive processing, are thought to underlie different action types, whether they are mental states, as in the case of motor imagery and action observation, or involve physical execution. While overlapping brain activity is typically observed across different actions which indicates commonalities, research interest is also concerned with investigating the distinct functional components of these action types. Unfortunately, untangling subtleties associated with the neurocognitive bases of different action types is a complex endeavour due to the high dimensional nature of their neural substrate (e.g., any action process is likely to activate multiple brain regions thereby having multiple dimensions to consider when comparing across them). This has impeded progress in action-related theorising and application. The present study addresses this challenge by using the novel approach of multidimensional modeling to reduce the high-dimensional neural substrate of four action-related behaviours (motor imagery, action observation, action-related language, and action execution), find the least number of dimensions that distinguish or relate these action types, and characterise their neurocognitive relational links. Data for the model comprised brain activations for action types from whole-brain analyses reported in 53 published articles. Eighty-two dimensions (i.e., 82 brain regions) for the action types were reduced to a three-dimensional model, that mapped action types in ordination space where the greater the distance between the action types, the more dissimilar they are. A series of one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc comparisons performed on the mean coordinates for each action type in the model showed that across all action types, action execution and concurrent action observation (AO)-motor imagery (MI) were most neurocognitively similar, while action execution and AO were most dissimilar. Most action types were similar on at least one neurocognitive dimension, the exception to this being action-related language. The import of the findings are discussed in terms of future research and implications for application.
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Jang SJ, Yang YJ, Ryun S, Kim JS, Chung CK, Jeong J. Decoding trajectories of imagined hand movement using electrocorticograms for brain-machine interface. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35985293 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac8b37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reaching hand movement is an important motor skill actively examined in brain-computer interface (BCI). Among various components of movement analyzed is the hand's trajectory, which describes the hand's continuous positions in three-dimensional space. While a large body of studies have investigated the decoding of real movements and the reconstruction of real hand movement trajectories from neural signals, fewer studies have attempted to decode the trajectory of imagined hand movement. To develop BCI systems for patients with hand motor dysfunctions, the systems essentially require to achieve movement-free control of external devices, which is only possible through successful decoding of purely imagined hand movement. APPROACH To achieve this goal, this study used a machine learning technique (i.e., the variational Bayesian least square) to analyze the electrocorticogram (ECoG) of eighteen epilepsy patients obtained from when they performed movement execution (ME) and kinesthetic movement imagination (KMI) of the reach-and-grasp hand action. MAIN RESULTS The variational Bayesian decoding model was able to successfully predict the imagined trajectories of hand movement significantly above chance level. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between imagined and predicted trajectories was 0.3393 and 0.4936 for the KMI (KMI trials only) and MEKMI paradigm (alternating trials of ME and KMI) respectively. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated a high accuracy of prediction for trajectories of imagined hand movement, and more importantly, higher decoding accuracy of imagined trajectories in the MEKMI paradigm than in the KMI paradigm solely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jin Jang
- Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 411 E16-1(YBS Building) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea 34141, Daejeon, Daejeon, 34141, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yu Jin Yang
- Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, 03080, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seokyun Ryun
- Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, 03080, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - June Sic Kim
- Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, 03080, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chun Kee Chung
- Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Seoul, 03080, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jaeseung Jeong
- Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 514 E16-1(YBS Building) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea 34141, Daejeon, 34141, Korea (the Republic of)
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11
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Mao X, Huang S, Ouyang M, Xie Y, Tan X. Effect of skill proficiency on motor imagery ability between amateur dancers and non-dancers. Front Psychol 2022; 13:899724. [PMID: 36033030 PMCID: PMC9415613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.899724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that athletes with high motor skill proficiency possess higher motor imagery ability than those with low motor skill proficiency. However, less is known whether this superiority in motor imagery ability emerges over amateur athletes. To address the issue, the present study aimed to investigate the individual differences in motor imagery ability between amateur dancers and non-dancers. Forty participants completed a novel dance movement reproduction task and measures of the vividness of visual imagery questionnaire (VVIQ) and the vividness of motor imagery questionnaire (VMIQ). The results showed that, relative to non-dancers, amateur dancers had higher ability of motor imagery to reproduce the lower-limb and upper-limb dance movements during the dance movement reproduction task. Besides, amateur dancers displayed higher abilities of the visual motor imagery and the kinesthetic imagery, but comparable visual imagery ability as the non-dancers. These findings suggest that the mental representation of motors but not the visual is affected by the motor skill levels, due to the motor imagery practice in sports amateurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Mao
- Education Center for Mental Health, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Shaoxu Huang
- Education Center for Mental Health, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingkun Ouyang
- School of Education Science, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Mingkun Ouyang,
| | - Yangqiu Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinhua Tan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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Martineau S, Rahal A, Piette E, Moubayed S, Marcotte K. The "Mirror Effect Plus Protocol" for acute Bell's palsy: A randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Clin Rehabil 2022; 36:1292-1304. [PMID: 35722671 PMCID: PMC9420890 DOI: 10.1177/02692155221107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the effects of the “Mirror Effect Plus Protocol” (MEPP) on global facial function in acute and severe Bell's Palsy. Design Single blind and randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of basic counseling (control group) versus MEPP (experimental group) over one year. Setting Outpatient clinic following referrals from Emergency or Otorhinolaryngology Departments. Subjects 40 patients (n = 20 per group) with moderately severe to total palsy who received standard medication were recruited within 14 days of onset. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. Interventions The experimental group received the MEPP program (motor imagery + manipulations + facial mirror therapy) while the control group received basic counseling. Both groups met the clinician monthly until 6 months and at one-year post-onset for assessments. Outcome measures Facial symmetry, synkinesis, and quality of life were measured using standardized scales. Perceived speech intelligibility was rated before and after therapy by naïve judges. Results Descriptive statistics demonstrated improvements in favor of the MEPP for each measured variable. Significant differences were found for one facial symmetry score (House-Brackmann 2.0 mean (SD) = 7.40 (3.15) for controls versus 5.1 (1.44) for MEPP), for synkinesis measures (p = 0.008) and for quality-of-life ratings (mean (SD) score = 83.17% (17.383) for controls versus 98.36% (3.608) for MEPP (p = 0.002)). No group difference was found for perceived speech intelligibility. Conclusion The MEPP demonstrates promising long-term results when started during the acute phase of moderately severe to total Bell's Palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martineau
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre intégré Universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Akram Rahal
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Piette
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré Universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de médecine d'urgence, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sami Moubayed
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré Universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Marcotte
- Centre de recherche du Centre intégré Universitaire de santé et services sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Est-de-l'Île de Montréal, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Gentile C, Cordella F, Zollo L. Hierarchical Human-Inspired Control Strategies for Prosthetic Hands. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22072521. [PMID: 35408135 PMCID: PMC9003226 DOI: 10.3390/s22072521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The abilities of the human hand have always fascinated people, and many studies have been devoted to describing and understanding a mechanism so perfect and important for human activities. Hand loss can significantly affect the level of autonomy and the capability of performing the activities of daily life. Although the technological improvements have led to the development of mechanically advanced commercial prostheses, the control strategies are rather simple (proportional or on/off control). The use of these commercial systems is unnatural and not intuitive, and therefore frequently abandoned by amputees. The components of an active prosthetic hand are the mechatronic device, the decoding system of human biological signals into gestures and the control law that translates all the inputs into desired movements. The real challenge is the development of a control law replacing human hand functions. This paper presents a literature review of the control strategies of prosthetics hands with a multiple-layer or hierarchical structure, and points out the main critical aspects of the current solutions, in terms of human's functions replicated with the prosthetic device. The paper finally provides several suggestions for designing a control strategy able to mimic the functions of the human hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Gentile
- Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (L.Z.)
- INAIL Prosthetic Center, Vigorso di Budrio, 40054 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Cordella
- Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Loredana Zollo
- Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human-Centred Technologies, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (L.Z.)
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14
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Emerson JR, Scott MW, van Schaik P, Butcher N, Kenny RPW, Eaves DL. A neural signature for combined action observation and motor imagery? An fNIRS study into prefrontal activation, automatic imitation, and self-other perceptions. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2407. [PMID: 34994997 PMCID: PMC8865155 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research indicates that both observed and imagined actions can be represented in the brain as two parallel sensorimotor representations. One proposal is that higher order cognitive processes would align these two hypothetical action simulations. METHODS We investigated this hypothesis using an automatic imitation paradigm, with functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings over the prefrontal cortex during different motor simulation states. On each trial, participants (n = 14) observed a picture of a rhythmical action (instructed action) followed by a distractor movie showing the same or different action. Participants then executed the instructed action. Distractor actions were manipulated to be fast or slow, and instructions were manipulated during distractor presentation: action observation (AO), combined action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) and observe to imitate (intentional imitation). A pure motor imagery (MI) condition was also included. RESULTS Kinematic analyses showed that although distractor speed effects were significant under all instructions (shorter mean cycle times in execution for fast compared to slow trials), this imitation bias was significantly stronger for combined AO+MI than both AO and MI, and stronger for intentional imitation than the other three automatic imitation conditions. In the left prefrontal cortex, cerebral oxygenation was significantly greater for combined AO+MI than all other instructions. Participants reported that their representation of the self overlapped with the observed model significantly more during AO+MI than AO. CONCLUSION Left prefrontal activation may therefore be a neural signature of AO+MI, supporting attentional switching between concurrent representations of self (MI, top-down) and other (AO, bottom-up) to increase imitation and perceived closeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Emerson
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Matthew W Scott
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Natalie Butcher
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Ryan P W Kenny
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Daniel L Eaves
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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15
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Jalalvandi M, Riyahi Alam N, Sharini H, Hashemi H, Nadimi M. Brain Cortical Activation during Imagining of the Wrist Movement Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:583-594. [PMID: 34722403 PMCID: PMC8546162 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: fNIRS is a useful tool designed to record the changes in the density of blood’s oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) molecules during brain activity.
This method has made it possible to evaluate the hemodynamic changes of the brain during neuronal activity in a completely non-aggressive manner. Objective: The present study has been designed to investigate and evaluate the brain cortex activities during imagining of the execution of wrist motor tasks by comparing fMRI and fNIRS imaging methods. Material and Methods: This novel observational Optical Imaging study aims to investigate the brain motor cortex activity during imagining of the right wrist motor tasks
in vertical and horizontal directions. To perform the study, ten healthy young right-handed volunteers were asked to think about right-hand movements in different
directions according to the designed movement patterns. The required data were collected in two wavelengths, including 845 and 763 nanometers using a 48 channeled fNIRS machine. Results: Analysis of the obtained data showed the brain activity patterns during imagining of the execution of a movement are formed in various points of the motor
cortex in terms of location. Moreover, depending on the direction of the movement, activity plans have distinguishable patterns. The results showed contralateral M1 was
mainly activated during imagining of the motor cortex (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that in brain imaging, it is possible to distinguish between patterns of activities during wrist motion in different directions
using the recorded signals obtained through near-infrared Spectroscopy. The findings of this study can be useful in further studies related to movement control and BCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Jalalvandi
- MSc, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Riyahi Alam
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Medical Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre (MPRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sharini
- PhD, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hasan Hashemi
- MD, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- MD, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nadimi
- MSc Student, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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16
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Yokoyama H, Kaneko N, Watanabe K, Nakazawa K. Neural decoding of gait phases during motor imagery and improvement of the decoding accuracy by concurrent action observation. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34082405 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac07bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Brain decoding of motor imagery (MI) not only is crucial for the control of neuroprosthesis but also provides insights into the underlying neural mechanisms. Walking consists of stance and swing phases, which are associated with different biomechanical and neural control features. However, previous knowledge on decoding the MI of gait is limited to simple information (e.g. the classification of 'walking' and 'rest').Approach. Here, we investigated the feasibility of electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding of the two gait phases during the MI of walking and whether the combined use of MI and action observation (AO) would improve decoding accuracy.Main results. We demonstrated that the stance and swing phases could be decoded from EEGs during MI or AO alone. We also demonstrated the decoding accuracy during MI was improved by concurrent AO. The decoding models indicated that the improved decoding accuracy following the combined use of MI and AO was facilitated by the additional information resulting from the concurrent cortical activations related to sensorimotor, visual, and action understanding systems associated with MI and AO.Significance. This study is the first to show that decoding the stance versus swing phases during MI is feasible. The current findings provide fundamental knowledge for neuroprosthetic design and gait rehabilitation, and they expand our understanding of the neural activity underlying AO, MI, and AO + MI of walking.Novelty and significanceBrain decoding of detailed gait-related information during motor imagery (MI) is important for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for gait rehabilitation. This study is the first to show the feasibility of EEG decoding of the stance versus swing phases during MI. We also demonstrated that the combined use of MI and action observation (AO) improves decoding accuracy, which is facilitated by the concurrent and synergistic involvement of the cortical activations for MI and AO. These findings extend the current understanding of neural activity and the combined effects of AO and MI and provide a basis for effective techniques for walking rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Yokoyama
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Kaneko
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Katsumi Watanabe
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Faculty of Arts, Design, and Architecture, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2021, Australia
| | - Kimitaka Nakazawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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17
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Castro F, Bryjka PA, Di Pino G, Vuckovic A, Nowicky A, Bishop D. Sonification of combined action observation and motor imagery: Effects on corticospinal excitability. Brain Cogn 2021; 152:105768. [PMID: 34144438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Action observation and motor imagery are valuable strategies for motor learning. Their simultaneous use (AOMI) increases neural activity, with related benefits for motor learning, compared to the two strategies alone. In this study, we explored how sonification influences AOMI. Twenty-five participants completed a practice block based on AOMI, motor imagery and physical execution of the same action. Participants were divided into two groups: An experimental group that practiced with sonification during AOMI (sAOMI), and a control group, which did not receive any extrinsic feedback. Corticospinal excitability at rest and during action observation and AOMI was assessed before and after practice, with and without sonification sound, to test the development of an audiomotor association. The practice block increased corticospinal excitability in all testing conditions, but sonification did not affect this. In addition, we found no differences in action observation and AOMI, irrespective of sonification. These results suggest that, at least for simple tasks, sonification of AOMI does not influence corticospinal excitability; In these conditions, sonification may have acted as a distractor. Future studies should further explore the relationship between task complexity, value of auditory information and action, to establish whether sAOMI is a valuable for motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Castro
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (Next Lab), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Paulina Anna Bryjka
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- Research Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction (Next Lab), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Vuckovic
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, James Watt Building (south) University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alexander Nowicky
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Daniel Bishop
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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18
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Scott MW, Wood G, Holmes PS, Williams J, Marshall B, Wright DJ. Combined action observation and motor imagery: An intervention to combat the neural and behavioural deficits associated with developmental coordination disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:638-646. [PMID: 34022280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) have been used separately across different populations to alleviate movement impairment. Recently these two forms of covert motor simulation have been combined (combined action observation and motor imagery; AOMI), resulting in greater neurophysiological activity in the motor system, and more favourable behavioural outcomes when compared to independent AO and MI. This review aims to outline how some of the neural deficits associated with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are evident during AO and MI, and highlight how these motor simulation techniques have been used independently to improve motor skill learning in children in this population. The growing body of evidence indicating that AOMI is superior to the independent use of either AO and MI is then synthesised and discussed in the context of children with DCD. To conclude, recommendations to optimise the delivery of AOMI for children with DCD are provided and future avenues for research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Scott
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - Greg Wood
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul S Holmes
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jacqueline Williams
- Institute for Health and Sport, College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Marshall
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Wright
- Research Centre for Health, Psychology and Communities, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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19
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Language reorganization after resection of low-grade gliomas: an fMRI task based connectivity study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1779-1791. [PMID: 31111301 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Few studies addressed the evolution of brain activity before and after brain tumor resection. Using a fMRI naming task, we evaluated possible underlying plasticity phenomena. Thirty-two patients with left low-grade gliomas (16 women; age = 38.6 ± 8.31 years) and 19 healthy controls (7 women; age = 42.4 ± 12.1) were included in the study. An overt picture-naming task (DO80) was performed pre and post (3 months) surgery, as well as within the MRI in a covert manner. Exams included an injected 3DT1, a T2FLAIR, a DTI and a GE-EPI (task) sequence. Activations maps were compared with picture naming score, FA and MD maps were estimated, a VLSM analysis was performed on tumor masks, and disconnectome maps were reconstructed. Pre-surgery, the left parahippocampal gyrus (LPH) was inversely associated with task performance. Increased pre-post surgery left lingual gyrus (LLG) activity was found related to decreased picture naming performance. The evolution of left lingual gyrus (LLG) activity was negatively associated with the evolution of picture naming performance. In controls, the LPH was functionally connected to the right precentral gyrus (RPCG) and slightly to the LLG. This was not clearly retrieved in the patient group. Preoperatively, the LLG was connected to the left planum temporale and to the right lingual gyrus. The same result was found for controls. Postoperatively, the LLG was only connected to the RPCG. No association was found between evolution of FA/MD and evolution of picture naming performance. There is not one unique pattern of pre- and postoperative plasticity concerning picture-naming performance in DLGG patients.
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20
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Van der Lubbe RHJ, Sobierajewicz J, Jongsma MLA, Verwey WB, Przekoracka-Krawczyk A. Frontal brain areas are more involved during motor imagery than during motor execution/preparation of a response sequence. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 164:71-86. [PMID: 33647383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Results of several neuroimaging studies support the functional equivalence model, which states that motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) involve the same processes, except for the final execution component. In contrast, the motor-cognitive model implies that MI additionally involves frontal executive control processes. However, according to some authors MI may actually be more comparable to motor preparation (MP). In the current electroencephalographic study, a version of the discrete sequence production paradigm was employed in which human participants initially had to prepare a sequence of five finger movements that subsequently had to be executed, imagined, or withheld. MI, ME, and MP were compared by computing event-related (de)-synchronization in the theta, alpha/mu, and beta bands. Results revealed a major increase in frontal theta power during MI as compared to ME and MP. At the end of the examined intervals, a posterior reduction in alpha power was present during ME and MP, but not during MI. Finally, above sensorimotor areas a decrease in beta power was observed that was most pronounced in the case of ME. The increase of frontal theta activity during MI may reflect increased effort, while the absence of a reduction in posterior alpha power suggests no major involvement of visuospatial attention and/or visual imagery. The present findings favor the motor-cognitive model, as it predicts extra involvement of frontal executive processes during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob H J Van der Lubbe
- Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Behavior, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Vision and Neuroscience, NanoBiomedical Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jagna Sobierajewicz
- Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Vision and Neuroscience, NanoBiomedical Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marijtje L A Jongsma
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willem B Verwey
- Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Behavior, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Przekoracka-Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Vision Science and Optometry, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Vision and Neuroscience, NanoBiomedical Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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21
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Li P, Xu H, Belkacem AN, Zhang J, Xu R, Guo X, Wang X, Wu D, Tan W, Shin D, Liang J, Chen C. Brain Patterns During Single- and Dual-Task Leg Movements. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND HEALTH INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The brain is able to engage in dual tasks such as motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) or motor execution (ME) with action observation. In this study, we have quantitatively compared event-related desynchronization (ERD) patterns during tasks of pure MI, MI with AO (O-MI), ME, and ME with AO (O-ME) of the leg to investigate the underlying neuronal mechanisms using EEG. Subjects were instructed to imagine or perform rhythmical actions while watching a video of leg movements during O-MI and O-ME tasks; In contrast, subjects imagined and performed the leg movements without observing any video during pure MI and ME tasks. We noticed that the amplitude of ERDs from MI, O-MI, ME and O-ME sequentially increases in central regions of the brain. These quantified ERD patterns in EEG were used to study the differences of brain oscillatory changes among the four tasks. We found that ERDs in motor area were more distinct in O-MI, compared with pure MI. These results suggest that O-MI produced stronger motor activations than MI. Plus, O-ME showed significantly greater activations than ME in the beta band. O-ME has produced stronger neurophysiological effects than MI, and stronger behavioral effects than ME. These empirical results do provide convincing evidence of the dual tasks such combined MI or ME with action observation on brain pattern changes. The video of the goal-directed leg movements is most likely able to improve the ability of performing or imagining movements. O-MI and O-ME may get better and closer therapeutic effects in leg rehabilitation and motor skill training. Furthermore, the extent analysis of ERD may provide the basis for evaluating the ability of O-MI and O-ME in leg rehabilitation and motor skill training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghai Li
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Han Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem
- Department of Computer and Network Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xinpu Guo
- School of Computer Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Dongyue Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Wenjun Tan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110189, China
| | - Duk Shin
- Department of Electronics and Mechatronics, Tokyo Polytechnic University, 243-0297, Japan
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
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22
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Tian D, Izumi SI, Suzuki E. Modulation of Interhemispheric Inhibition between Primary Motor Cortices Induced by Manual Motor Imitation: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020266. [PMID: 33669827 PMCID: PMC7923080 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imitation has been proven effective in motor development and neurorehabilitation. However, the relationship between imitation and interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) remains unclear. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to investigate IHI. In this study, the modification effects of IHI resulting from mirror neuron system (MNS) activation during different imitations are addressed. We measured IHI between homologous primary motor cortex (M1) by analyzing the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) evoked by single-pulse focal TMS during imitation and analyzed the respective IHI modulation during and after different patterns of imitation. Our main results showed that throughout anatomical imitation, significant time-course changes of iSP duration through the experiment were observed in both directions. iSP duration declined from the pre-imitation time point to the post-imitation time point and did not return to baseline after 30 min rest. We also observed significant iSP reduction from the right hemisphere to the left hemisphere during anatomical and specular imitation, compared with non-imitative movement. Our findings indicate that using anatomical imitation in action observation and execution therapy promotes functional recovery in neurorehabilitation by regulating IHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.-i.I.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shin-ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.-i.I.); (E.S.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Suzuki
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.-i.I.); (E.S.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 260 Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan
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23
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Zheng S, Punia D, Wu H, Liu Q. Graph Theoretic Analysis Reveals Intranasal Oxytocin Induced Network Changes Over Frontal Regions. Neuroscience 2021; 459:153-165. [PMID: 33484821 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aim to elucidate how intranasal oxytocin modulates brain network characteristics, especially over the frontal network. As an essential brain hub of social cognition and emotion regulation, we also explore the association between graphic properties of the frontal network and individual personality traits under oxytocin (OT) administration. Fifty-nine male participants administered intranasal OT or placebo were followed by resting-state fMRI scanning. The correlation-based network model was applied to study OT modulation effects. We performed community detection algorithms and conducted further network analyses, including clustering coefficient, average shortest path and eigenvector centrality. In addition, we conducted a correlation analysis between clustering coefficients and the self-assessed psychological scales. Modular organizations in the OT group reveal integrations of the frontoparietal network (FPN) and the default mode network (DMN) over frontal regions. Results show that frontal nodes within the FPN are characterized by lower clustering coefficients and higher average shortest path values compared to the placebo group. Notably, these modulation effects on frontal network property are associated with Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) fantasy value. Our results suggest that OT elevates integrations between FPN, DMN and limbic system as well as reduces small-worldness within the FPN. Our results support graph theoretic analysis as a potential tool to assess OT induced effects on the information integration in the frontal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Quanying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Jafari M, Aflalo T, Chivukula S, Kellis SS, Salas MA, Norman SL, Pejsa K, Liu CY, Andersen RA. The human primary somatosensory cortex encodes imagined movement in the absence of sensory information. Commun Biol 2020; 3:757. [PMID: 33311578 PMCID: PMC7732821 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical systems neuroscience positions primary sensory areas as early feed-forward processing stations for refining incoming sensory information. This view may oversimplify their role given extensive bi-directional connectivity with multimodal cortical and subcortical regions. Here we show that single units in human primary somatosensory cortex encode imagined reaches in a cognitive motor task, but not other sensory–motor variables such as movement plans or imagined arm position. A population reference-frame analysis demonstrates coding relative to the cued starting hand location suggesting that imagined reaching movements are encoded relative to imagined limb position. These results imply a potential role for primary somatosensory cortex in cognitive imagery, engagement during motor production in the absence of sensation or expected sensation, and suggest that somatosensory cortex can provide control signals for future neural prosthetic systems. Matiar Jafari, Tyson Aflalo et al. show that the human primary somatosensory cortex is activated when subjects imagine reaches in a cognitive motor task, but not when they plan movement or imagine a static limb position. These results highlight a role for this region in cognitive imagery and motor control in the absence of sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiar Jafari
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyson Aflalo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Srinivas Chivukula
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Los Angeles Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Sterling Kellis
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sumner Lee Norman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kelsie Pejsa
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Charles Yu Liu
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA
| | - Richard Alan Andersen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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25
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Granata G, Di Iorio R, Miraglia F, Caulo M, Iodice F, Vecchio F, Valle G, Strauss I, D'anna E, Iberite F, Lauretti L, Fernandez E, Romanello R, Petrini FM, Raspopovic S, Micera S, Rossini PM. Brain reactions to the use of sensorized hand prosthesis in amputees. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01734. [PMID: 32949216 PMCID: PMC7667362 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated for the first time the presence of chronic changes in the functional organization of sensorimotor brain areas induced by prolonged training with a bidirectional hand prosthesis. METHODS A multimodal neurophysiological and neuroimaging evaluation of brain functional changes occurring during training in five consecutive amputees participating to experimental trials with robotic hands over a period of 10 years was carried out. In particular, modifications to the functional anatomy of sensorimotor brain areas under resting conditions were explored in order to check for eventual changes with respect to baseline. RESULTS Full evidence is provided to demonstrate brain functional changes, and some of them in both the hemispheres and others restricted to the hemisphere contralateral to the amputation/prosthetic hand. CONCLUSIONS The study describes a unique experimental experience showing that brain reactions to the prolonged use of an artificial hand can be tracked for a tailored approach to a fully embedded artificial upper limb for future chronic uses in daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Granata
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Iorio
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Department of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Roma, Italy.,Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging and ITAB-Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Iodice
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Department of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Valle
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Strauss
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'anna
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Iberite
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liverana Lauretti
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fernandez
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Institute of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Romanello
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco M Petrini
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stanisa Raspopovic
- Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Department of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Roma, Italy
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26
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Phase dependent modulation of cortical activity during action observation and motor imagery of walking: An EEG study. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117486. [PMID: 33164857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) are motor simulations which induce cortical activity related to execution of observed and imagined movements. Neuroimaging studies have mainly investigated where the cortical activities during AO and MI of movements are activated and if they match those activated during execution of the movements. However, it remains unclear how cortical activity is modulated; in particular, whether activity depends on observed or imagined phases of movements. We have previously examined the neural mechanisms underlying AO and MI of walking, focusing on the combined effect of AO with MI (AO+MI) and phase dependent modulation of corticospinal and spinal reflex excitability. Here, as a continuation of our previous studies, we investigated cortical activity depending on gait phases during AO and AO+MI of walking by using electroencephalography (EEG); 64-channel EEG signals were recorded in which participants observed walking with or without imagining it, respectively. EEG source and spectral analyses showed that, in the sensorimotor cortex during AO+MI and AO, the alpha and beta power were decreased, and power spectral modulations depended on walking phases. The phase dependent modulations during AO+MI, but not during AO, were like those which occur during actual walking as reported by previous walking studies. These results suggest that combinatory effects of AO+MI could induce parts of the phase dependent activation of the sensorimotor cortex during walking even without any movements. These findings would extend understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying walking and cognitive motor processes and provide clinically beneficial information towards rehabilitation for patients with neurological gait dysfunctions.
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27
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Meng HJ, Zhang LL, Luo SS, Cao N, Zhang J, Pi YL. Modulation of hand motor skill performance induced by motor practice combined with matched or mismatched hand posture motor imagery. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Yoxon E, Welsh TN. Motor system activation during motor imagery is positively related to the magnitude of cortical plastic changes following motor imagery training. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Meers R, Nuttall HE, Vogt S. Motor imagery alone drives corticospinal excitability during concurrent action observation and motor imagery. Cortex 2020; 126:322-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Lifshitz M, Brahinsky J, Luhrmann TM. The Understudied Side of Contemplation: Words, Images, and Intentions in a Syncretic Spiritual Practice. Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2020; 68:183-199. [PMID: 32223616 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2020.1726180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The science of contemplation has focused on mindfulness in a manner quite disproportionate to its use in contemplative traditions. Mindfulness, as understood within the scientific community, is a practice that invites practitioners to disattend to words and images. The practitioner is meant to experience things as they "really are," unfolding here and now in the flux of embodied sensations. Yet the use of words and images, together with intentions, is a far more common contemplative practice. The authors present ethnographic research with a syncretic contemplative tradition, Integral Transformative practice (ITP), which grew out of the Human Potential Movement of the 1960s. The authors focus on the practice of "affirmations," in which practitioners seek to actualize spiritual goals by imagining future possibilities. Our ethnographic account invites new avenues for psychological research to illuminate the role of words and images in contemplation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lifshitz
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Joshua Brahinsky
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - T M Luhrmann
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, California, USA
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31
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Zink PJ, Philip BA. Cortical Plasticity in Rehabilitation for Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Injury: A Scoping Review. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7401205030p1-7401205030p15. [PMID: 32078514 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.036665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Poor outcomes after upper extremity peripheral nerve injury (PNI) may arise, in part, from the challenges and complexities of cortical plasticity. Occupational therapy practitioners need to understand how the brain changes after peripheral injury and how principles of cortical plasticity can be applied to improve rehabilitation for clients with PNI. OBJECTIVE To identify the mechanisms of cortical plasticity after PNI and describe how cortical plasticity can contribute to rehabilitation. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Embase (1900-2017) were searched for articles that addressed either (1) the relationship between PNI and cortical plasticity or (2) rehabilitative interventions based on cortical plastic changes after PNI. Study Selection and Data Collectio : PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. Articles were selected if they addressed all of the following concepts: human PNI, cortical plasticity, and rehabilitation. Phantom limb pain and sensation were excluded. FINDINGS Sixty-three articles met the study criteria. The most common evidence level was Level V (46%). We identified four commonly studied mechanisms of cortical plasticity after PNI and the functional implications for each. We found seven rehabilitative interventions based on cortical plasticity: traditional sensory reeducation, activity-based sensory reeducation, selective deafferentation, cross-modal sensory substitution, mirror therapy, mental motor imagery, and action observation with simultaneous peripheral nerve stimulation. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The seven interventions ranged from theoretically well justified (traditional and activity-based sensory reeducation) to unjustified (selective deafferentation). Overall, articles were heterogeneous and of low quality, and future research should prioritize randomized controlled trials for specific neuropathies, interventions, or cortical plasticity mechanisms. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS This article reviews current knowledge about how the brain changes after PNI and how occupational therapy practitioners can take advantage of those changes for rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Zink
- Patrick J. Zink, MSOT, is Occupational Therapist, Select Physical Therapy, Kansas City, MO. At the time of the study, he was Student, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Benjamin A Philip
- Benjamin A. Philip, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;
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32
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Bruton AM, Holmes PS, Eaves DL, Franklin ZC, Wright DJ. Neurophysiological markers discriminate different forms of motor imagery during action observation. Cortex 2020; 124:119-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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33
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Di Rienzo F, Joassy P, Kanthack T, MacIntyre TE, Debarnot U, Blache Y, Hautier C, Collet C, Guillot A. Effects of Action Observation and Action Observation Combined with Motor Imagery on Maximal Isometric Strength. Neuroscience 2019; 418:82-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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34
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Roberts JW, Welsh TN, Wakefield CJ. Examining the equivalence between imagery and execution - Do imagined and executed movements code relative environmental features? Behav Brain Res 2019; 370:111951. [PMID: 31108114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Imagined actions engage some of the same neural substrates and related sensorimotor codes as executed actions. The equivalency between imagined and executed actions has been frequently demonstrated by the mental and physical chronometry of movements; namely, the imagination and execution of aiming movements in a Fitts paradigm. The present study aimed to examine the nature or extent of this equivalence, and more specifically, whether imagined movements encompass the relative environmental features as do executed movements. In two separate studies, participants completed a series of imagined or executed reciprocal aiming movements between standard control targets (no annuli), perceptually small targets (large annuli) and perceptually large targets (small annuli) (Ebbinghaus illusions). The findings of both studies replicated the standard positive relation between movement time and index of difficulty for imagined and executed movements. Furthermore, movement times were longer for targets with surrounding annuli compared to the movement times without the annuli suggesting a general interference effect. Hence, the surrounding annuli caused a longer time, independent of the illusory target size, most likely to avoid a potential collision and more precisely locate the endpoint. Most importantly, this feature could not be discriminated as a function of the task (imagined vs. executed). These findings lend support to the view of a common domain for imagined and executed actions, while elaborating on the precision of their equivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Roberts
- Liverpool Hope University, Psychology, Action and Learning of Movement Group, School of Health Sciences, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK.
| | - Timothy N Welsh
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M52 2W6, Canada; Centre for Motor Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M52 2W6, Canada
| | - Caroline J Wakefield
- Liverpool Hope University, Psychology, Action and Learning of Movement Group, School of Health Sciences, Liverpool, L16 9JD, UK
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35
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Dissociation between cortical and spinal excitability of the antagonist muscle during combined motor imagery and action observation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13120. [PMID: 31511567 PMCID: PMC6739353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory neural control of antagonist muscle is one of the fundamental neural mechanism of coordinated human limb movement. Previous studies have revealed that motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) share many common neural substrates; however, whether inhibitory neural activity occurs during MI remains unknown. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that a combined MI and action observation (MI + AO) produces strong neurophysiological changes compared with MI or AO alone. Therefore, we investigated inhibitory changes in cortical and spinal excitability of the antagonist muscle during MI + AO and ME. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) experiments revealed that corticospinal excitability of the antagonist muscle was decreased during MI + AO. Conversely, F-wave experiments showed that F-wave persistence of the antagonist muscle increased. Paired-pulse TMS experiment also demonstrated that short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) did not contribute to this inhibition. Therefore, cortical mediated inhibition, except for SICI, may be related to this inhibition. Conversely, such clear inhibition of the antagonist muscle was not observed during ME, presumably owing to the effects of muscle contraction to decelerate the movements and/or sensory input accompanying the joint movements. These findings provide important insights into the neurophysiological differences between MI + AO and ME.
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36
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How words get meaning: The neural processing of novel object names after sensorimotor training. Neuroimage 2019; 197:284-294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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37
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Cao J, Tu Y, Orr SP, Lang C, Park J, Vangel M, Chen L, Gollub R, Kong J. Analgesic Effects Evoked by Real and Imagined Acupuncture: A Neuroimaging Study. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:3220-3231. [PMID: 30137262 PMCID: PMC7302519 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture can provide therapeutic analgesic benefits but is limited by its cost and scheduling difficulties. Guided imagery is a commonly used method for treating many disorders, such as chronic pain. The present study examined a novel intervention for pain relief that integrates acupuncture with imagery called video-guided acupuncture imagery treatment (VGAIT). A total of 27 healthy subjects were recruited for a crossover-design study that included 5 sessions administered in a randomized order (i.e., baseline and 4 different interventions). We investigated changes in pain threshold and fMRI signals modulated by: 1) VGAIT, watching a video of acupuncture previously administered on the participant's own body at baseline while imagining it being concurrently applied; 2) a VGAIT control condition, watching a video of a cotton swab touching the skin; 3) real acupuncture; and 4) sham acupuncture. Results demonstrated that real acupuncture and VGAIT significantly increased pain threshold compared with respective control groups. Imaging showed that real acupuncture produced greater activation of the insula compared with VGAIT. VGAIT produced greater deactivation at the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. Our findings demonstrate that VGAIT holds potential clinical value for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Scott P Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Courtney Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Joel Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mark Vangel
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lucy Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Randy Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Martinos Brain Imaging Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Martinos Brain Imaging Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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38
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Fusco A, Iasevoli L, Iosa M, Gallotta MC, Padua L, Tucci L, Antonucci G, Baldari C, Guidetti L. Dynamic motor imagery mentally simulates uncommon real locomotion better than static motor imagery both in young adults and elderly. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218378. [PMID: 31242209 PMCID: PMC6594612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new form of Motor Imagery (MI), called dynamic Motor Imagery (dMI) has recently been proposed. The dMI adds to conventional static Motor Imagery (sMI) the presence of simultaneous actual movements partially replicating those mentally represented. In a previous research conducted on young participants, dMI showed to be temporally closer than sMI in replicating the real performance for some specific locomotor conditions. In this study, we evaluated if there is any influence of the ageing on dMI. Thirty healthy participants were enrolled: 15 young adults (27.1±3.8 y.o.) and 15 older adults (65.9±9.6y.o.). The performance time and the number of steps needed to either walk to a target (placed at 10m from participants) or to imagine walking to it, were assessed. Parameters were measured for sMI, dMI and real locomotion (RL) in three different locomotor conditions: forward walking (FW), backward walking (BW), and lateral walking (LW). Temporal performances of sMI and dMI did not differ between RL in the FW, even if significantly different to each other (p = 0.0002). No significant differences were found for dMI with respect to RL for LW (p = 0.140) and BW (p = 0.438), while sMI was significantly lower than RL in LW (p<0.001). The p-value of main effect of age on participants’ temporal performances was p = 0.055. The interaction between age and other factors such as the type of locomotion (p = 0.358) or the motor condition (p = 0.614) or third level interaction (p = 0.349) were not statistically significant. Despite a slight slowdown in the performance of elderly compared to young participants, the temporal and spatial accuracy was better in dMI than sMI in both groups. Motor imagery processes may be strengthened by the feedback generated through dMI, and this effect appears to be unaffected by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Fusco
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Luigi Iasevoli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iosa
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Padua
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Tucci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Antonucci
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Guidetti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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Evidence for we-representations during joint action planning. Neuropsychologia 2019; 131:73-83. [PMID: 31153967 PMCID: PMC6667733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Do people engaged in joint action form action plans that specify joint outcomes at the group level? EEG was recorded from pairs of participants who performed coordinated actions that could result in different postural configurations. To isolate individual and joint action planning processes, a pre-cue specified in advance the individual actions and/or the joint configuration. Participants had 1200 ms to prepare their actions. Then a Go cue specified all action parameters and participants performed a synchronized action as quickly as possible. Action onsets were shorter when the pre-cue specified the joint configuration, regardless of whether individual action was also specified. EEG analyses showed that specifying joint action parameters in advance reduced ambiguity in a structured joint action plan (reflected in the decrease of the amplitude of the P600) and helped with representing action goals and interpersonal coordination patterns in sensorimotor brain areas (reflected in increased alpha/mu suppression and CNV amplitudes). These results provide clear evidence that joint action is driven not only by action plans that specify individual contributions, but also by action plans that specify joint action outcomes at the group level. People form individual and group-level representations during joint action planning. Information about joint configuration benefits task performance. Information about joint configuration reduces ambiguity in joint task representation. Evidence for predictive “we-representations” in the sensorimotor system. “We-representations” may be formed independently of “I” and “You” representations.
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40
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Lemon R, Kraskov A. Starting and stopping movement by the primate brain. Brain Neurosci Adv 2019; 3:2398212819837149. [PMID: 32166180 PMCID: PMC7058194 DOI: 10.1177/2398212819837149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the current knowledge about the part that motor cortex plays in the preparation and generation of movement, and we discuss the idea that corticospinal neurons, and particularly those with cortico-motoneuronal connections, act as ‘command’ neurons for skilled reach-to-grasp movements in the primate. We also review the increasing evidence that it is active during processes such as action observation and motor imagery. This leads to a discussion about how movement is inhibited and stopped, and the role in these for disfacilitation of the corticospinal output. We highlight the importance of the non-human primate as a model for the human motor system. Finally, we discuss the insights that recent research into the monkey motor system has provided for translational approaches to neurological diseases such as stroke, spinal injury and motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lemon
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Alexander Kraskov
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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41
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Gatti R, Sarasso E, Pelachin M, Agosta F, Filippi M, Tettamanti A. Can action observation modulate balance performance in healthy subjects? Arch Physiother 2019; 9:1. [PMID: 30693101 PMCID: PMC6341526 DOI: 10.1186/s40945-018-0053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Action observation activates brain motor networks and, if followed by action imitation, it facilitates motor learning and functional recovery in patients with both neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. To date, few studies suggested that action observation plus imitation can improve balance skills; however, it is still unclear whether the simple repetitive observation of challenging balance tasks is enough to modify postural control. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to investigate whether repetitive action observation of balance exercises without imitation has the potential to improve balance performance; the secondary aim was to estimate the different training effects of action observation, action observation plus imitation and balance training relative to a control condition in healthy subjects. Methods Seventy-nine healthy young adults were randomly assigned to 4 groups: action observation, action observation plus imitation, balance training and control. The first three groups were trained for about 30 minutes every day for three weeks, whereas the control group received no training. Center of pressure path length and sway area were evaluated on a force platform at baseline and after training using posturographic tests with eyes open and closed. Results As expected, both action observation plus imitation and balance training groups compared to the control group showed balance improvements, with a medium to large effect size performing balance tasks with eyes open. Action observation without imitation group showed a balance improvement with eyes open, but without a significant difference relative to the control group. Conclusions Both action observation plus imitation and balance training have similar effects in improving postural control in healthy young subjects. Future studies on patients with postural instability are necessary to clarify whether AOT can induce longer lasting effects. Action observation alone showed a trend toward improving postural control in healthy subjects, suggesting the possibility to study its effects in temporarily immobilized diseased subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gatti
- 1Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.,6Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas University and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sarasso
- 1Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.,2Degree Course in Physiotherapy, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,3Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Pelachin
- 4Rehabilitation Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- 3Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- 3Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.,5Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tettamanti
- 1Laboratory of Movement Analysis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.,2Degree Course in Physiotherapy, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,4Rehabilitation Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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42
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Emerson JR, Binks JA, Scott MW, Kenny RPW, Eaves DL. Combined action observation and motor imagery therapy: a novel method for post-stroke motor rehabilitation. AIMS Neurosci 2018; 5:236-252. [PMID: 32341964 PMCID: PMC7179337 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2018.4.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vascular accidents (strokes) are a leading cause of motor deficiency in millions of people worldwide. While a complex range of biological systems is affected following a stroke, in this paper we focus primarily on impairments of the motor system and the recovery of motor skills. We briefly review research that has assessed two types of mental practice, which are currently recommended in stroke rehabilitation. Namely, action observation (AO) therapy and motor imagery (MI) training. We highlight the strengths and limitations in both techniques, before making the case for combined action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) therapy as a potentially more effective method. This is based on a growing body of multimodal brain imaging research showing advantages for combined AO + MI instructions over the two separate methods of AO and MI. Finally, we offer a series of suggestions and considerations for how combined AO + MI therapy could be employed in neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel L. Eaves
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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43
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Vargas-Irwin CE, Feldman JM, King B, Simeral JD, Sorice BL, Oakley EM, Cash SS, Eskandar EN, Friehs GM, Hochberg LR, Donoghue JP. Watch, Imagine, Attempt: Motor Cortex Single-Unit Activity Reveals Context-Dependent Movement Encoding in Humans With Tetraplegia. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:450. [PMID: 30524258 PMCID: PMC6262367 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Planning and performing volitional movement engages widespread networks in the human brain, with motor cortex considered critical to the performance of skilled limb actions. Motor cortex is also engaged when actions are observed or imagined, but the manner in which ensembles of neurons represent these volitional states (VoSs) is unknown. Here we provide direct demonstration that observing, imagining or attempting action activates shared neural ensembles in human motor cortex. Two individuals with tetraplegia (due to brainstem stroke or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS) were verbally instructed to watch, imagine, or attempt reaching actions displayed on a computer screen. Neural activity in the precentral gyrus incorporated information about both cognitive state and movement kinematics; the three conditions presented overlapping but unique, statistically distinct activity patterns. These findings demonstrate that individual neurons in human motor cortex reflect information related to sensory inputs and VoS in addition to movement features, and are a key part of a broader network linking perception and cognition to action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Vargas-Irwin
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jessica M Feldman
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brandon King
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - John D Simeral
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (CfNN), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brittany L Sorice
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin M Oakley
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emad N Eskandar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerhard M Friehs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (CfNN), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (CNTR), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John P Donoghue
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (CfNN), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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44
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Adhikari SP, Tretriluxana J, Chaiyawat P, Jalayondeja C. Enhanced Upper Extremity Functions with a Single Session of Action-Observation-Execution and Accelerated Skill Acquisition Program in Subacute Stroke. Stroke Res Treat 2018; 2018:1490692. [PMID: 30009017 PMCID: PMC6020497 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1490692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action-observation-execution (AOE) primes physical training. We examined the immediate effect of AOE with accelerated skill acquisition program (ASAP) on dexterity in subacute stroke. METHODS Twelve individuals from 1 to 6 months after stroke were allocated into two groups by matching age and side of stroke. After AOE of 30 minutes, the experimental group received ASAP for 60 minutes whereas the control group received dose-equivalent usual care. The movement time (MT) and functional ability (FA) of hand items of the Wolf motor function test (WMFT), hand functions and global recovery of stroke impact scale (SIS), and intrinsic motivation items of stroke rehabilitation motivation scale were assessed at baseline, after training, and during one-week follow-up. Data were analyzed within and between the groups. RESULTS AOE significantly decreased MT of flipping cards of WMFT and hand functions of SIS. Total MT was markedly reduced. AOE with ASAP demonstrated significant group-by-time interactions on MT of lifting pencil of WMFT, total MT, and global recovery. Grip strength, FA, and hand functions were significantly improved only in the experimental group. Both groups improved motivation significantly. CONCLUSIONS The AOE with ASAP enhanced dexterity, which persisted for at least a week. This intervention might improve dexterity in subacute stroke. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial is registered with TCTR20161007001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhu Prasad Adhikari
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Mahidol University, Thailand
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal
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45
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Eaves DL, Emerson JR, Binks JA, Scott MW, Kenny RPW. Imagery ability: the individual difference gradient and novel training methods (Commentary on Kraeutner et al. (2018)). Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1219-1220. [PMID: 29729203 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Eaves
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - J R Emerson
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - J A Binks
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - M W Scott
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - R P W Kenny
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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46
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Brich LFM, Bächle C, Hermsdörfer J, Stadler W. Real-Time Prediction of Observed Action Requires Integrity of the Dorsal Premotor Cortex: Evidence From Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:101. [PMID: 29628880 PMCID: PMC5876293 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying brain mechanisms underlying the prediction of observed action, the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) has been suggested a key area. The present study probed this notion using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to test whether interference in this area would affect the accuracy in predicting the time course of object directed actions performed with the right hand. Young and healthy participants observed actions in short videos. These were briefly occluded from view for 600 ms and resumed immediately afterwards. The task was to continue the action mentally and to indicate after each occlusion, whether the action was resumed at the right moment (condition in-time) or shifted. In a first run, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) was delivered over the left primary hand-area during occlusion. In the second run, rTMS over the left PMd was applied during occlusion in half of the participants [experimental group (EG)]. The control group (CG) received sham-rTMS over the same area. Under rTMS, the EG predicted less trials correctly than in the sTMS run. Sham-rTMS in the CG had no effects on prediction. The interference in PMd interacted with the type of manipulation applied to the action’s time course occasionally during occlusion. The performance decrease of the EG was most pronounced in conditions in which the continuations after occlusions were too late in the action’s course. The present results extend earlier findings suggesting that real-time action prediction requires the integrity of the PMd. Different functional roles of this area are discussed. Alternative interpretations consider either simulation of specific motor programming functions or the involvement of a feature-unspecific predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa F M Brich
- Chair of Human Movement Science, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Bächle
- Chair of Human Movement Science, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Hermsdörfer
- Chair of Human Movement Science, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Waltraud Stadler
- Chair of Human Movement Science, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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47
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Shay EA, Chen Q, Garcea FE, Mahon BZ. Decoding intransitive actions in primary motor cortex using fMRI: toward a componential theory of 'action primitives' in motor cortex. Cogn Neurosci 2018; 10:13-19. [PMID: 29544397 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2018.1453491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) over functional MRI data can distinguish neural representational states that do not differ in their overall amplitude of BOLD contrast. Here we used MVPA to test whether simple intransitive actions can be distinguished in primary motor cortex. Participants rotated and flexed each of their extremities (hands and feet) during fMRI scanning. The primary motor cortex for the hand/wrist was functionally defined in each hemisphere in each subject. Within those subject-specific ROIs, we found that the average amplitude of BOLD contrast for two different movements of the contralateral hand (rotation, flexion) were higher than for the ipsilateral hand, as well as movements by both feet; however, there was no difference in amplitude between the two different types of movements for the contralateral hand. Using multivoxel pattern analysis (linear correlation), we were able to distinguish the two movements for the contralateral hand. These findings demonstrate that simple intransitive actions can be distinguished in primary motor areas using multivoxel pattern analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Shay
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Quanjing Chen
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Frank E Garcea
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,b Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute , Elkins Park , PA , USA.,c Center for Visual Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Bradford Z Mahon
- a Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,c Center for Visual Sciences , University of Rochester , Rochester , NY , USA.,d Department of Neurosurgery , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA.,e Department of Neurology , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
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48
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O’Shea H, Moran A. To go or not to go? Pupillometry elucidates inhibitory mechanisms in motor imagery. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2018.1461104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen O’Shea
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aidan Moran
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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49
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Motor Imagery during Action Observation of Locomotor Tasks Improves Rehabilitation Outcome in Older Adults after Total Hip Arthroplasty. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5651391. [PMID: 29755513 PMCID: PMC5884021 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5651391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining whether the combination of action observation and motor imagery (AO + MI) of locomotor tasks could positively affect rehabilitation outcome after hip replacement surgery. Of initially 405 screened participants, 21 were randomly split into intervention group (N = 10; mean age = 64 y; AO + MI of locomotor tasks: 30 min/day in the hospital, then 3×/week in their homes for two months) and control group (N = 11, mean age = 63 y, active controls). The functional outcomes (Timed Up and Go, TUG; Four Step Square Test, FSST; and single- and dual-task gait and postural control) were measured before (PRE) and 2 months after surgery (POST). Significant interactions indicated better rehabilitation outcome for the intervention group as compared to the control group: at POST, the intervention group revealed faster TUG (p = 0.042), FSST (p = 0.004), and dual-task fast-paced gait speed (p = 0.022), reduced swing-time variability (p = 0.005), and enhanced cognitive performance during dual tasks while walking or balancing (p < 0.05). In contrast, no changes were observed for body sway parameters (p ≥ 0.229). These results demonstrate that AO + MI is efficient to improve motor-cognitive performance after hip surgery. Moreover, only parameters associated with locomotor activities improved whereas balance skills that were not part of the AO + MI intervention were not affected, demonstrating the specificity of training intervention. Overall, utilizing AO + MI during rehabilitation is advised, especially when physical practice is limited.
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50
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Ma H, Zheng M, Lu Y, Hua X, Xu W. Cerebral plasticity after contralateral cervical nerve transfer in human by longitudinal PET evaluation. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 48:95-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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