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Romero JP, Moreno-Verdú M, Arroyo-Ferrer A, Serrano JI, Herreros-Rodríguez J, García-Caldentey J, Rocon de Lima E, Del Castillo MD. Clinical and neurophysiological effects of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and EEG-guided neurofeedback in Parkinson's disease: a randomized, four-arm controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:135. [PMID: 39103947 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and EEG-guided neurofeedback techniques can reduce motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effects of their combination are unknown. Our objective was to determine the immediate and short-term effects on motor and non-motor symptoms, and neurophysiological measures, of rTMS and EEG-guided neurofeedback, alone or combined, compared to no intervention, in people with PD. METHODS A randomized, single-blinded controlled trial with 4 arms was conducted. Group A received eight bilateral, high-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS sessions over the Primary Motor Cortices; Group B received eight 30-minute EEG-guided neurofeedback sessions focused on reducing average bilateral alpha and beta bands; Group C received a combination of A and B; Group D did not receive any therapy. The primary outcome measure was the UPDRS-III at post-intervention and two weeks later. Secondary outcomes were functional mobility, limits of stability, depression, health-related quality-of-life and cortical silent periods. Treatment effects were obtained by longitudinal analysis of covariance mixed-effects models. RESULTS Forty people with PD participated (27 males, age = 63 ± 8.26 years, baseline UPDRS-III = 15.63 ± 6.99 points, H&Y = 1-3). Group C showed the largest effect on motor symptoms, health-related quality-of-life and cortical silent periods, followed by Group A and Group B. Negligible differences between Groups A-C and Group D for functional mobility or limits of stability were found. CONCLUSIONS The combination of rTMS and EEG-guided neurofeedback diminished overall motor symptoms and increased quality-of-life, but this was not reflected by changes in functional mobility, postural stability or depression levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04017481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Romero
- Brain Injury and Movement Disorders Neurorehabilitation Group (GINDAT), Institute of Life Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Brain Damage Unit, Hospital Beata María Ana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Moreno-Verdú
- Brain Injury and Movement Disorders Neurorehabilitation Group (GINDAT), Institute of Life Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
- Brain, Action, and Skill Laboratory (BAS-Lab), Institute of Neuroscience (Cognition and Systems Division), UC Louvain, Av. Mounier 54 (Claude Bernard), Floor +2, Office 0430, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, 1200, Belgium.
| | - Aida Arroyo-Ferrer
- Brain Injury and Movement Disorders Neurorehabilitation Group (GINDAT), Institute of Life Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Serrano
- Neural and Cognitive Engineering Group, Centre for Automation and Robotics, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Eduardo Rocon de Lima
- Neural and Cognitive Engineering Group, Centre for Automation and Robotics, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Del Castillo
- Neural and Cognitive Engineering Group, Centre for Automation and Robotics, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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Iwama S, Tsuchimoto S, Mizuguchi N, Ushiba J. EEG decoding with spatiotemporal convolutional neural network for visualization and closed-loop control of sensorimotor activities: A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26767. [PMID: 38923184 PMCID: PMC11199199 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Closed-loop neurofeedback training utilizes neural signals such as scalp electroencephalograms (EEG) to manipulate specific neural activities and the associated behavioral performance. A spatiotemporal filter for high-density whole-head scalp EEG using a convolutional neural network can overcome the ambiguity of the signaling source because each EEG signal includes information on the remote regions. We simultaneously acquired EEG and functional magnetic resonance images in humans during the brain-computer interface (BCI) based neurofeedback training and compared the reconstructed and modeled hemodynamic responses of the sensorimotor network. Filters constructed with a convolutional neural network captured activities in the targeted network with spatial precision and specificity superior to those of the EEG signals preprocessed with standard pipelines used in BCI-based neurofeedback paradigms. The middle layers of the trained model were examined to characterize the neuronal oscillatory features that contributed to the reconstruction. Analysis of the layers for spatial convolution revealed the contribution of distributed cortical circuitries to reconstruction, including the frontoparietal and sensorimotor areas, and those of temporal convolution layers that successfully reconstructed the hemodynamic response function. Employing a spatiotemporal filter and leveraging the electrophysiological signatures of the sensorimotor excitability identified in our middle layer analysis would contribute to the development of a further effective neurofeedback intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seitaro Iwama
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Shohei Tsuchimoto
- School of Fundamental Science and TechnologyGraduate School of Keio UniversityYokohamaJapan
- Department of System NeuroscienceNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Nobuaki Mizuguchi
- Research Organization of Science and TechnologyRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
- Institute of Advanced Research for Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
| | - Junichi Ushiba
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
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Roberts BRT, Meade ME, Fernandes MA. Brain regions supporting retrieval of words drawn at encoding: fMRI evidence for multimodal reactivation. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01591-y. [PMID: 38865077 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Memory for words that are drawn or sketched by the participant, rather than written, during encoding is typically superior. While this drawing benefit has been reliably demonstrated in recent years, there has yet to be an investigation of its neural basis. Here, we asked participants to either create drawings, repeatedly write, or list physical characteristics depicting each target word during encoding. Participants then completed a recognition memory test for target words while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behavioural results showed memory was significantly higher for words drawn than written, replicating the typical drawing effect. Memory for words whose physical characteristics were listed at encoding was also higher than for those written repeatedly, but lower than for those drawn. Voxel-wise analyses of fMRI data revealed two distributed sets of brain regions more active for items drawn relative to written, the left angular gyrus (BA 39) and bilateral frontal (BA 10) regions, suggesting integration and self-referential processing during retrieval of drawn words. Brain-behaviour correlation analyses showed that the size of one's memory benefit for words drawn relative to written at encoding was positively correlated with activation in brain regions linked to visual representation and imagery (BA 17 and cuneus) and motor planning (premotor and supplementary motor areas; BA 6). This study suggests that drawing benefits memory by coactivating multiple sensory traces. Target words drawn during encoding are subsequently remembered by re-engaging visual, motoric, and semantic representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady R T Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Melissa E Meade
- Department of Psychology, Huron College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myra A Fernandes
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Syrov N, Yakovlev L, Kaplan A, Lebedev M. Motor cortex activation during visuomotor transformations: evoked potentials during overt and imagined movements. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad440. [PMID: 37991276 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of visuomotor transformations in our motor skills, their mechanisms remain incompletely understood, especially when imagery actions are considered such as mentally picking up a cup or pressing a button. Here, we used a stimulus-response task to directly compare the visuomotor transformation underlying overt and imagined button presses. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded while participants responded to highlights of the target button while ignoring the second, non-target button. Movement-related potentials (MRPs) and event-related desynchronization occurred for both overt movements and motor imagery (MI), with responses present even for non-target stimuli. Consistent with the activity accumulation model where visual stimuli are evaluated and transformed into the eventual motor response, the timing of MRPs matched the response time on individual trials. Activity-accumulation patterns were observed for MI, as well. Yet, unlike overt movements, MI-related MRPs were not lateralized, which appears to be a neural marker for the distinction between generating a mental image and transforming it into an overt action. Top-down response strategies governing this hemispheric specificity should be accounted for in future research on MI, including basic studies and medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Syrov
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1. Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Lev Yakovlev
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1. Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1. Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Lebedev
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Yuan X, Zhong X, Wang C, Dai Y, Yang Y, Jiang C. Temporo-Parietal cortex activation during motor imagery in older adults: A case study of Baduanjin. Brain Cogn 2023; 173:106103. [PMID: 37922628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated cognitive and motor decline is related to central nervous system injury in older adults. Motor imagery training (MIT), as an emerging rehabilitative intervention, can activate neural basis similar to that in actual exercise, so as to promote motor function in older adults. The complex motor skills rely on the functional integration of the cerebral cortex. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying motor imagery in older adults would support its application in motor rehabilitation and slowing cognitive decline. Based on this, the present study used functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record the changes in oxygen saturation in older adults (20 participants; mean age, 64.8 ± 4.5 years) during Baduanjin motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI). ME significantly activated the left postcentral gyrus, while the oxy-hemoglobin concentration in the right middle temporal gyrus increased significantly during motor imagery. These results indicate that advanced ME activates brain regions related to sensorimotor function, and MI increases the activation of the frontal-parietal cortex related to vision. In older adults, MI overactivated the temporo-parietal region associated with vision, and tend to be activated in the right brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China; The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B25 2TT, UK.
| | - Xiaoke Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China; The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China; The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yuanfu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China; The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- Sports Department, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Changhao Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China; The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing 100191, China.
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6
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Fleury M, Figueiredo P, Vourvopoulos A, Lécuyer A. Two is better? combining EEG and fMRI for BCI and neurofeedback: a systematic review. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:051003. [PMID: 37879343 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad06e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are two commonly used non-invasive techniques for measuring brain activity in neuroscience and brain-computer interfaces (BCI).Objective. In this review, we focus on the use of EEG and fMRI in neurofeedback (NF) and discuss the challenges of combining the two modalities to improve understanding of brain activity and achieve more effective clinical outcomes. Advanced technologies have been developed to simultaneously record EEG and fMRI signals to provide a better understanding of the relationship between the two modalities. However, the complexity of brain processes and the heterogeneous nature of EEG and fMRI present challenges in extracting useful information from the combined data.Approach. We will survey existing EEG-fMRI combinations and recent studies that exploit EEG-fMRI in NF, highlighting the experimental and technical challenges.Main results. We made a classification of the different combination of EEG-fMRI for NF, we provide a review of multimodal analysis methods for EEG-fMRI features. We also survey the current state of research on EEG-fMRI in the different existing NF paradigms. Finally, we also identify some of the remaining challenges in this field.Significance. By exploring EEG-fMRI combinations in NF, we are advancing our knowledge of brain function and its applications in clinical settings. As such, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and engineers working in the field of neural engineering and rehabilitation, highlighting the promising future of EEG-fMRI-based NF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Fleury
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, Empenn ERL U1228 Rennes, France
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Athanasios Vourvopoulos
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anatole Lécuyer
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, Empenn ERL U1228 Rennes, France
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7
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Nunes JD, Vourvopoulos A, Blanco-Mora DA, Jorge C, Fernandes JC, Bermudez i Badia S, Figueiredo P. Brain activation by a VR-based motor imagery and observation task: An fMRI study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291528. [PMID: 37756271 PMCID: PMC10529559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Training motor imagery (MI) and motor observation (MO) tasks is being intensively exploited to promote brain plasticity in the context of post-stroke rehabilitation strategies. This may benefit from the use of closed-loop neurofeedback, embedded in brain-computer interfaces (BCI's) to provide an alternative non-muscular channel, which may be further augmented through embodied feedback delivered through virtual reality (VR). Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a group of healthy adults to map brain activation elicited by an ecologically-valid task based on a VR-BCI paradigm called NeuRow, whereby participants perform MI of rowing with the left or right arm (i.e., MI), while observing the corresponding movement of the virtual arm of an avatar (i.e., MO), on the same side, in a first-person perspective. We found that this MI-MO task elicited stronger brain activation when compared with a conventional MI-only task based on the Graz BCI paradigm, as well as to an overt motor execution task. It recruited large portions of the parietal and occipital cortices in addition to the somatomotor and premotor cortices, including the mirror neuron system (MNS), associated with action observation, as well as visual areas related with visual attention and motion processing. Overall, our findings suggest that the virtual representation of the arms in an ecologically-valid MI-MO task engage the brain beyond conventional MI tasks, which we propose could be explored for more effective neurorehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D. Nunes
- INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, and Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Athanasios Vourvopoulos
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diego Andrés Blanco-Mora
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, N-LINCS Madeira — ARDITI, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Carolina Jorge
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, N-LINCS Madeira — ARDITI, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jean-Claude Fernandes
- Central Hospital of Funchal, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sergi Bermudez i Badia
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, N-LINCS Madeira — ARDITI, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ma J, Yang B, Qiu W, Zhang J, Yan L, Wang W. Recognizable Rehabilitation Movements of Multiple Unilateral Upper Limb: an fMRI Study of Motor Execution and Motor Imagery. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 392:109861. [PMID: 37075914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper presents a study investigating the recognizability of multiple unilateral upper limb movements in stroke rehabilitation. METHODS A functional magnetic experiment is employed to study motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI) of four movements for the unilateral upper limb: hand-grasping, hand-handling, arm-reaching, and wrist-twisting. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images of ME and MI tasks are statistically analyzed to delineate the region of interest (ROI). Then parameter estimation associated with ROIs for each ME and MI task are evaluated, where differences in ROIs for different movements are compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS All movements of ME and MI tasks activate motor areas of the brain, and there are significant differences (p<0.05) in ROIs evoked by different movements. The activation area is larger when executing the hand-grasping task instead of the others. CONCLUSION The four movements we propose can be adopted as MI tasks, especially for stroke rehabilitation, since they are highly recognizable and capable of activating more brain areas during MI and ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, School of Medicine, Research Center of Brain Computer Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200441, China
| | - Banghua Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, School of Medicine, Research Center of Brain Computer Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200441, China; Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenzheng Qiu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, School of Medicine, Research Center of Brain Computer Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200441, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, Shanghai University, 200441, Shanghai China
| | - Linfeng Yan
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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Neuropsychological Evidence Underlying Counterclockwise Bias in Running: Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Motor Imagery. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13020173. [PMID: 36829402 PMCID: PMC9952670 DOI: 10.3390/bs13020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to answer the question "why do people run the track counterclockwise (CCW)?" by investigating the neurophysiological differences in clockwise (CW) versus CCW direction using motor imagery. Three experiments were conducted with healthy adults. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to examine hemispheric asymmetries in the prefrontal, frontal, and central regions during CW and CCW running imagery (n = 40). We also evaluated event-related potential (ERP) N200 and P300 amplitudes and latencies (n = 66) and conducted another experiment using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 30). EEG data indicated greater left frontal cortical activation during CCW imagery, whereas right frontal activation was more dominant during CW imagery. The prefrontal and central asymmetries demonstrated greater left prefrontal activation during both CW and CCW imagery, with CCW rotation exhibiting higher, though statistically insignificant, asymmetry scores than CW rotation. As a result of the fMRI experiment, greater activation was found during CW than during CCW running imagery in the brain regions of the left insula, Brodmann area 18, right caudate nucleus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left superior parietal cortex, and supplementary motor area. In the ERP experiment, no significant differences were found depending on direction. These findings suggest that CCW rotation might be associated with the motivational approach system, behavioral activation, or positive affect. However, CW rotation reflects withdrawal motivation, behavioral inhibition, or negative affect. Furthermore, CW rotation is understood to be associated with neural inefficiency, increased task difficulty, or unfamiliarity.
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De Novo Brain-Computer Interfacing Deforms Manifold of Populational Neural Activity Patterns in Human Cerebral Cortex. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0145-22.2022. [PMID: 36376067 PMCID: PMC9721308 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0145-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brains are capable of modulating innate activities to adapt to novel environments and tasks; for sensorimotor neural system this means acquisition of a rich repertoire of activity patterns that improve behavioral performance. To directly map the process of acquiring the neural repertoire during tasks onto performance improvement, we analyzed net neural populational activity during the learning of its voluntary modulation by brain-computer interface (BCI) operation in female and male humans. The recorded whole-head high-density scalp electroencephalograms (EEGs) were subjected to dimensionality reduction algorithm to capture changes in cortical activity patterns represented by the synchronization of neuronal oscillations during adaptation. Although the preserved variance of targeted features in the reduced dimensions was 20%, we found systematic interactions between the activity patterns and BCI classifiers that detected motor attempt; the neural manifold derived in the embedded space was stretched along with motor-related features of EEG by model-based fixed classifiers but not with adaptive classifiers that were constantly recalibrated to user activity. Moreover, the manifold was deformed to be orthogonal to the boundary by de novo classifiers with a fixed decision boundary based on biologically unnatural features. Collectively, the flexibility of human cortical signaling patterns (i.e., neural plasticity) is only induced by operation of a BCI whose classifier required fixed activities, and the adaptation could be induced even the requirement is not consistent with biologically natural responses. These principles of neural adaptation at a macroscopic level may underlie the ability of humans to learn wide-ranging behavioral repertoires and adapt to novel environments.
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Orth L, Meeh J, Gur RC, Neuner I, Sarkheil P. Frontostriatal circuitry as a target for fMRI-based neurofeedback interventions: A systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:933718. [PMID: 36092647 PMCID: PMC9449529 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.933718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated frontostriatal circuitries are viewed as a common target for the treatment of aberrant behaviors in various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Accordingly, experimental neurofeedback paradigms have been applied to modify the frontostriatal circuitry. The human frontostriatal circuitry is topographically and functionally organized into the “limbic,” the “associative,” and the “motor” subsystems underlying a variety of affective, cognitive, and motor functions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurofeedback studies that targeted brain activations within the frontostriatal circuitry. Seventy-nine published studies were included in our survey. We assessed the efficacy of these studies in terms of imaging findings of neurofeedback intervention as well as behavioral and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the neurofeedback targets of the studies could be assigned to the identifiable frontostriatal subsystems. The majority of studies that targeted frontostriatal circuitry functions focused on the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the supplementary motor area. Only a few studies (n = 14) targeted the connectivity of the frontostriatal regions. However, post-hoc analyses of connectivity changes were reported in more cases (n = 32). Neurofeedback has been frequently used to modify brain activations within the frontostriatal circuitry. Given the regulatory mechanisms within the closed loop of the frontostriatal circuitry, the connectivity-based neurofeedback paradigms should be primarily considered for modifications of this system. The anatomical and functional organization of the frontostriatal system needs to be considered in decisions pertaining to the neurofeedback targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Orth
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Linda Orth
| | - Johanna Meeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irene Neuner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Pegah Sarkheil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Le Franc S, Herrera Altamira G, Guillen M, Butet S, Fleck S, Lécuyer A, Bougrain L, Bonan I. Toward an Adapted Neurofeedback for Post-stroke Motor Rehabilitation: State of the Art and Perspectives. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:917909. [PMID: 35911589 PMCID: PMC9332194 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.917909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a severe health issue, and motor recovery after stroke remains an important challenge in the rehabilitation field. Neurofeedback (NFB), as part of a brain–computer interface, is a technique for modulating brain activity using on-line feedback that has proved to be useful in motor rehabilitation for the chronic stroke population in addition to traditional therapies. Nevertheless, its use and applications in the field still leave unresolved questions. The brain pathophysiological mechanisms after stroke remain partly unknown, and the possibilities for intervention on these mechanisms to promote cerebral plasticity are limited in clinical practice. In NFB motor rehabilitation, the aim is to adapt the therapy to the patient’s clinical context using brain imaging, considering the time after stroke, the localization of brain lesions, and their clinical impact, while taking into account currently used biomarkers and technical limitations. These modern techniques also allow a better understanding of the physiopathology and neuroplasticity of the brain after stroke. We conducted a narrative literature review of studies using NFB for post-stroke motor rehabilitation. The main goal was to decompose all the elements that can be modified in NFB therapies, which can lead to their adaptation according to the patient’s context and according to the current technological limits. Adaptation and individualization of care could derive from this analysis to better meet the patients’ needs. We focused on and highlighted the various clinical and technological components considering the most recent experiments. The second goal was to propose general recommendations and enhance the limits and perspectives to improve our general knowledge in the field and allow clinical applications. We highlighted the multidisciplinary approach of this work by combining engineering abilities and medical experience. Engineering development is essential for the available technological tools and aims to increase neuroscience knowledge in the NFB topic. This technological development was born out of the real clinical need to provide complementary therapeutic solutions to a public health problem, considering the actual clinical context of the post-stroke patient and the practical limits resulting from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Le Franc
- Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Hybrid Team, Inria, University of Rennes, Irisa, UMR CNRS 6074, Rennes, France
- *Correspondence: Salomé Le Franc,
| | | | - Maud Guillen
- Hybrid Team, Inria, University of Rennes, Irisa, UMR CNRS 6074, Rennes, France
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Simon Butet
- Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Empenn Unit U1228, Inserm, Inria, University of Rennes, Irisa, UMR CNRS 6074, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Fleck
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LORIA, Nancy, France
- EA7312 Laboratoire de Psychologie Ergonomique et Sociale pour l’Expérience Utilisateurs (PERSEUS), Metz, France
| | - Anatole Lécuyer
- Hybrid Team, Inria, University of Rennes, Irisa, UMR CNRS 6074, Rennes, France
| | | | - Isabelle Bonan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Empenn Unit U1228, Inserm, Inria, University of Rennes, Irisa, UMR CNRS 6074, Rennes, France
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13
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Wang Z, Cao C, Chen L, Gu B, Liu S, Xu M, He F, Ming D. Multimodal Neural Response and Effect Assessment During a BCI-Based Neurofeedback Training After Stroke. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884420. [PMID: 35784834 PMCID: PMC9247245 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke caused by cerebral infarction or hemorrhage can lead to motor dysfunction. The recovery of motor function is vital for patients with stroke in daily activities. Traditional rehabilitation of stroke generally depends on physical practice under passive affected limbs movement. Motor imagery-based brain computer interface (MI-BCI) combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a potential active neural rehabilitation technology for patients with stroke recently, which complements traditional passive rehabilitation methods. As the predecessor of BCI technology, neurofeedback training (NFT) is a psychological process that feeds back neural activities online to users for self-regulation. In this work, BCI-based NFT were proposed to promote the active repair and reconstruction of the whole nerve conduction pathway and motor function. We designed and implemented a multimodal, training type motor NFT system (BCI-NFT-FES) by integrating the visual, auditory, and tactile multisensory pathway feedback mode and using the joint detection of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The results indicated that after 4 weeks of training, the clinical scale score, event-related desynchronization (ERD) of EEG patterns, and cerebral oxygen response of patients with stroke were enhanced obviously. This study preliminarily verified the clinical effectiveness of the long-term NFT system and the prospect of motor function rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpeng Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Cao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Long Chen
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minpeng Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, Tianjin, China
- Dong Ming
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14
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Tinaz S, Kamel S, Aravala SS, Elfil M, Bayoumi A, Patel A, Scheinost D, Sinha R, Hampson M. Neurofeedback-guided kinesthetic motor imagery training in Parkinson's disease: Randomized trial. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:102980. [PMID: 35247729 PMCID: PMC8897714 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease causes difficulty with sustained motor performance. Insula and dorsomedial frontal cortex (dmFC) are implicated in motivating movement. Regulation of insula-dmFC functional connectivity with neurofeedback (NF) failed. Motor imagery practice regardless of NF improved motor function and body awareness. Visual imagery practice without NF also improved motor function.
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes difficulty with maintaining the speed, size, and vigor of movements, especially when they are internally generated. We previously proposed that the insula is important in motivating intentional movement via its connections with the dorsomedial frontal cortex (dmFC). We demonstrated that subjects with PD can increase the right insula-dmFC functional connectivity using fMRI-based neurofeedback (NF) combined with kinesthetic motor imagery (MI). The current study is a randomized clinical trial testing whether NF-guided kinesthetic MI training can improve motor performance and increase task-based and resting-state right insula-dmFC functional connectivity in subjects with PD. Methods We assigned nondemented subjects with mild PD (Hoehn & Yahr stage ≤ 3) to the experimental kinesthetic MI with NF (MI-NF, n = 22) and active control visual imagery (VI, n = 22) groups. Only the MI-NF group received NF-guided MI training (10–12 runs). The NF signal was based on the right insula-dmFC functional connectivity strength. All subjects also practiced their respective imagery tasks at home daily for 4 weeks. Post-training changes in 1) task-based and resting-state right insula-dmFC functional connectivity were the primary imaging outcomes, and 2) MDS-UPDRS motor exam and motor function scores were the primary and secondary clinical outcomes, respectively. Results The MI-NF group was not significantly different from the VI group in any of the primary imaging or clinical outcome measures. The MI-NF group reported subjective improvement in kinesthetic body awareness. There was significant and comparable improvement only in motor function scores in both groups (secondary clinical outcome). This improvement correlated with NF regulation of the right insula-dmFC functional connectivity only in the MI-NF group. Both groups showed specific training effects in whole-brain functional connectivity with distinct neural circuits supporting kinesthetic motor and visual imagery (exploratory imaging outcome). Conclusions The functional connectivity-based NF regulation was unsuccessful, however, both kinesthetic MI and VI practice improved motor function in our cohort with mild PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Tinaz
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, 15 York St, LCI 710, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Imaging Center, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Serageldin Kamel
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, 15 York St, LCI 710, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Imaging Center, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sai S Aravala
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, 15 York St, LCI 710, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Imaging Center, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Mohamed Elfil
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, 15 York St, LCI 710, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Imaging Center, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ahmed Bayoumi
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, 15 York St, LCI 710, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Imaging Center, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Amar Patel
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, 15 York St, LCI 710, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 300 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale Stress Center, 2 Church St South, Suite 209, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, 333 Cedar St, SHM-L-200, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michelle Hampson
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, 300 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 George St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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15
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Zhou L, Zhu Q, Wu B, Qin B, Hu H, Qian Z. A comparison of directed functional connectivity among fist-related brain activities during movement imagery, movement execution, and movement observation. Brain Res 2021; 1777:147769. [PMID: 34971597 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been widely used in sports training and rehabilitation training. It is primarily based on action simulation, including movement imagery (MI) and movement observation (MO). However, the development of BCI technology is limited due to the challenge of getting an in-depth understanding of brain networks involved in MI, MO, and movement execution (ME). To better understand the brain activity changes and the communications across various brain regions under MO, ME, and MI, this study conducted the fist experiment under MO, ME, and MI. We recorded 64-channel electroencephalography (EEG) from 39 healthy subjects (25 males, 14 females, all right-handed) during fist tasks, obtained intensities and locations of sources using EEG source imaging (ESI), computed source activation modes, and finally investigated the brain networks using spectral Granger causality (GC). The brain regions involved in the three motor conditions are similar, but the degree of participation of each brain region and the network connections among the brain regions are different. MO, ME, and MI did not recruit shared brain connectivity networks. In addition, both source activation modes and brain network connectivity had lateralization advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Electronic Information Department, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixu Hu
- Sports Training Academy, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Rahimpour S, Rajkumar S, Hallett M. The Supplementary Motor Complex in Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 2021; 15:21-32. [PMID: 34814237 PMCID: PMC8820882 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although the basal ganglia is traditionally the primary brain region implicated in this disease process, this limited view ignores the roles of the cortex and cerebellum that are networked with the basal ganglia to support motor and cognitive functions. In particular, recent research has highlighted dysfunction in the supplementary motor complex (SMC) in patients with PD. Using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, we identified research articles using keywords pertaining to the involvement of the SMC in action sequencing impairments, temporal processing disturbances, and gait impairment in patients with PD. A review of abstracts and full-text articles was used to identify relevant articles. In this review of 63 articles, we focus on the role of the SMC in PD, highlighting anatomical and functional data to create new perspectives in understanding clinical symptoms and, potentially, new therapeutic targets. The SMC has a nuanced role in the pathophysiology of PD, with both hypo- and hyperactivation associated with various symptoms. Further studies using more standardized patient populations and functional tasks are needed to more clearly elucidate the role of this region in the pathophysiology and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Rahimpour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shashank Rajkumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Gu P, Tu W, Deng F, Ye L, Li S, Bai G, Jin X, Li S, Jiang S. Sequential neural activity in sensorimotor area and mirror neural system for graded mirror therapy with imagined hand movements. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 49:641-654. [PMID: 34776425 DOI: 10.3233/nre-210185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graded motor imagery (GMI) therapy is a neural rehabilitative physiotherapy that has been shown to alleviate the severity of complex regional pain syndrome, phantom limb pain and disability. OBJECTIVE To identify neural networks associated with the use of graded mirror therapy (MT) while imagining hand movements. METHODS We made a block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging study of MT included three experiments: (1) immobile unimanual MT (IU-MT), in which the right hand flexed and made a fist, which then remained immobile; (2) mobilization unimanual MT (MU-MT), in which the right hand performed a flexion-extension movement; and (3) mobilization bimanual MT (MB-MT), in which both hands performed a flexion-extension movement. When subjects started their hand movements, they gazed at the mirror and imagined the same movement behind the mirror. RESULTS We discovered that the sensorimotor area of the left brain, superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus (STG/MTG) of the right brain and visual areas were activated by IU-MT. In MU-MT, only the STG/MTG was activated. Furthermore, MB-UT mostly activated the sensorimotor area and STG of the right brain. However, there were no brain areas activated by MU-MT compared with IU-MT or MB-MT; but, MB-MT activated more motor areas than IU-MT. Importantly, we determined that the level of mirror imagery was negatively correlated with signals in the mirror neuron system (MNS) and positively related with the signals in the sensorimotor areas. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that graded MT might be a sequential therapeutic program that can enhance the sensorimotor cortex. The MNS might have an initiating role in graded MT. Thus, there is the possibility that graded MT is a helpful treatment strategy for the rehabilitation of dysfunctional patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Gu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Intelligent Rehabilitation International Alliance, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenzhan Tu
- Intelligent Rehabilitation International Alliance, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fen Deng
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Limei Ye
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Intelligent Rehabilitation International Alliance, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Bai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Intelligent Rehabilitation International Alliance, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Giulia L, Adolfo V, Julie C, Quentin D, Simon B, Fleury M, Leveque-Le Bars E, Bannier E, Lécuyer A, Barillot C, Bonan I. The impact of neurofeedback on effective connectivity networks in chronic stroke patients: an exploratory study. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34551403 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac291e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.In this study, we assessed the impact of electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) neurofeedback (NF) on connectivity strength and direction in bilateral motor cortices in chronic stroke patients. Most of the studies using NF or brain computer interfaces for stroke rehabilitation have assessed treatment effects focusing on successful activation of targeted cortical regions. However, given the crucial role of brain network reorganization for stroke recovery, our broader aim was to assess connectivity changes after an NF training protocol targeting localized motor areas.Approach.We considered changes in fMRI connectivity after a multisession EEG-fMRI NF training targeting ipsilesional motor areas in nine stroke patients. We applied the dynamic causal modeling and parametric empirical Bayes frameworks for the estimation of effective connectivity changes. We considered a motor network including both ipsilesional and contralesional premotor, supplementary and primary motor areas.Main results.Our results indicate that NF upregulation of targeted areas (ipsilesional supplementary and primary motor areas) not only modulated activation patterns, but also had a more widespread impact on fMRI bilateral motor networks. In particular, inter-hemispheric connectivity between premotor and primary motor regions decreased, and ipsilesional self-inhibitory connections were reduced in strength, indicating an increase in activation during the NF motor task.Significance.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that investigates fMRI connectivity changes elicited by training of localized motor targets in stroke. Our results open new perspectives in the understanding of large-scale effects of NF training and the design of more effective NF strategies, based on the pathophysiology underlying stroke-induced deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lioi Giulia
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA, Rennes, France.,IMT Atlantique, Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, Brest, F-29238, France
| | - Veliz Adolfo
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | | | - Duché Quentin
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA, Rennes, France.,Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Butet Simon
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Mathis Fleury
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | | | - Elise Bannier
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA, Rennes, France.,Department of Radiology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Bonan
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
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19
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Bennett JD, John SE, Grayden DB, Burkitt AN. A neurophysiological approach to spatial filter selection for adaptive brain–computer interfaces. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abd51f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. The common spatial patterns (CSP) algorithm is an effective method to extract discriminatory features from electroencephalography (EEG) to be used by a brain–computer interface (BCI). However, informed selection of CSP filters typically requires oversight from a BCI expert to accept or reject filters based on the neurophysiological plausibility of their activation patterns. Our goal was to identify, analyze and automatically classify prototypical CSP patterns to enhance the prediction of motor imagery states in a BCI. Approach. A data-driven approach that used four publicly available EEG datasets was adopted. Cluster analysis revealed recurring, visually similar CSP patterns and a convolutional neural network was developed to distinguish between established CSP pattern classes. Furthermore, adaptive spatial filtering schemes that utilize the categorization of CSP patterns were proposed and evaluated. Main results. Classes of common neurophysiologically probable and improbable CSP patterns were established. Analysis of the relationship between these categories of CSP patterns and classification performance revealed discarding neurophysiologically improbable filters can decrease decoder performance. Further analysis revealed that the spatial orientation of EEG modulations can evolve over time, and that the features extracted from the original CSP filters can become inseparable. Importantly, it was shown through a novel adaptive CSP technique that adaptation in response to these emerging patterns can restore feature separability. Significance. These findings highlight the importance of considering and reporting on spatial filter activation patterns in both online and offline studies. They also emphasize to researchers in the field the importance of spatial filter adaptation in BCI decoder design, particularly for online studies with a focus on training users to develop stable and suitable brain patterns.
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20
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Matsuda D, Moriuchi T, Ikio Y, Mitsunaga W, Fujiwara K, Matsuo M, Nakamura J, Suzuki T, Sugawara K, Higashi T. A Study on the Effect of Mental Practice Using Motor Evoked Potential-Based Neurofeedback. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:637401. [PMID: 33643014 PMCID: PMC7907172 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.637401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the effect of mental practice (motor imagery training) can be enhanced by providing neurofeedback based on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potentials (MEP). Twenty-four healthy, right-handed subjects were enrolled in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: a group that was given correct TMS feedback (Real-FB group) and a group that was given randomized false TMS feedback (Sham-FB group). The subjects imagined pushing the switch with just timing, when the target circle overlapped a cross at the center of the computer monitor. In the Real-FB group, feedback was provided to the subjects based on the MEP amplitude measured in the trial immediately preceding motor imagery. In contrast, the subjects of the Sham-FB group were provided with a feedback value that was independent of the MEP amplitude. TMS was applied when the target, moving from right to left, overlapped the cross at the center of the screen, and the MEP amplitude was measured. The MEP was recorded in the right first dorsal interosseous muscle. We evaluated the pre-mental practice and post-mental practice motor performance in both groups. As a result, a significant difference was observed in the percentage change of error values between the Real-FB group and the Sham-FB group. Furthermore, the MEP was significantly different between the groups in the 4th and 5th sets. Therefore, it was suggested that TMS-induced MEP-based neurofeedback might enhance the effect of mental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuta Ikio
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Mitsunaga
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kengo Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Moemi Matsuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki Memorial Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Suzuki
- Faculty of Health and Social Work, Division of Physical Therapy, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sugawara
- Faculty of Health and Social Work, Division of Physical Therapy, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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21
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Yang H, Hu Z, Imai F, Yang Y, Ogawa K. Effects of neurofeedback on the activities of motor-related areas by using motor execution and imagery. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135653. [PMID: 33482311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback using motor imagery can modulate the activity of several motor-related areas. However, the differences in these modulatory effects on distinct motor-related target regions using the same experimental protocol remain unelucidated. This study aimed to compare neurofeedback effects on the primary motor area (M1) and the ventral premotor cortex (PMv). Of the included participants, 15 received blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals from their left M1, and the other 15 received signals from their left PMv. Both groups were instructed to try to increase the neurofeedback score (NF-Score), which reflected the averaged activation level of the target region, by executing or imagining a right-hand clenching movement. The result revealed that during imagery condition, the left M1 was deactivated in the PMv-group but not in the M1-group, whereas the left PMv was activated in the PMv-group but not in the M1-group. Our finding indicates that neurofeedback from distinct motor-related regions has different effects on brain activity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiang Yang
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhengfei Hu
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihito Imai
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Psychology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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22
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Bagarinao E, Yoshida A, Terabe K, Kato S, Nakai T. Improving Real-Time Brain State Classification of Motor Imagery Tasks During Neurofeedback Training. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:623. [PMID: 32670011 PMCID: PMC7326956 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of the dynamic changes in brain activation during neurofeedback training in the classification of the different brain states associated with the target tasks. We hypothesized that ongoing activation patterns could change during neurofeedback session due to learning effects and, in the process, could affect the performance of brain state classifiers trained using data obtained prior to the session. Using a motor imagery paradigm, we then examined the application of an incremental training approach where classifiers were continuously updated in order to account for these activation changes. Our results confirmed our hypothesis that neurofeedback training could be associated with dynamic changes in brain activation characterized by an initially more widespread brain activation followed by a more focused and localized activation pattern. By continuously updating the trained classifiers after each feedback run, significant improvement in accurately classifying the different brain states associated with the target motor imagery tasks was achieved. These findings suggest the importance of taking into account brain activation changes during neurofeedback in order to provide more reliable and accurate feedback information to the participants, which is critical for an effective neurofeedback application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Neuroimaging and Informatics Group, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kazunori Terabe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shohei Kato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Nakai
- Neuroimaging and Informatics Group, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Mehler DMA, Williams AN, Whittaker JR, Krause F, Lührs M, Kunas S, Wise RG, Shetty HGM, Turner DL, Linden DEJ. Graded fMRI Neurofeedback Training of Motor Imagery in Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Patients: A Preregistered Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:226. [PMID: 32760259 PMCID: PMC7373077 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), a major brain vessel that supplies the primary motor and premotor cortex, is one of the most common causes for severe upper limb impairment. Currently available motor rehabilitation training largely lacks satisfying efficacy with over 70% of stroke survivors showing residual upper limb dysfunction. Motor imagery-based functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) has been suggested as a potential therapeutic technique to improve motor impairment in stroke survivors. In this preregistered proof-of-concept study (https://osf.io/y69jc/), we translated graded fMRI-NF training, a new paradigm that we have previously studied in healthy participants, to first-time MCA stroke survivors with residual mild to severe impairment of upper limb motor function. Neurofeedback was provided from the supplementary motor area (SMA) targeting two different neurofeedback target levels (low and high). We hypothesized that MCA stroke survivors will show (1) sustained SMA-region of interest (ROI) activation and (2) a difference in SMA-ROI activation between low and high neurofeedback conditions during graded fMRI-NF training. At the group level, we found only anecdotal evidence for these preregistered hypotheses. At the individual level, we found anecdotal to moderate evidence for the absence of the hypothesized graded effect for most subjects. These null findings are relevant for future attempts to employ fMRI-NF training in stroke survivors. The study introduces a Bayesian sequential sampling plan, which incorporates prior knowledge, yielding higher sensitivity. The sampling plan was preregistered together with a priori hypotheses and all planned analysis before data collection to address potential publication/researcher biases. Unforeseen difficulties in the translation of our paradigm to a clinical setting required some deviations from the preregistered protocol. We explicitly detail these changes, discuss the accompanied additional challenges that can arise in clinical neurofeedback studies, and formulate recommendations for how these can be addressed. Taken together, this work provides new insights about the feasibility of motor imagery-based graded fMRI-NF training in MCA stroke survivors and serves as a first example for comprehensive study preregistration of an (fMRI) neurofeedback experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. A. Mehler
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Angharad N. Williams
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Adaptive Memory Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph R. Whittaker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Krause
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michael Lührs
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Research Department, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Kunas
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard G. Wise
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Duncan L. Turner
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David E. J. Linden
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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24
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Wang X, Li L, Wei W, Zhu T, Huang GF, Li X, Ma HB, Lv Y. Altered activation in sensorimotor network after applying rTMS over the primary motor cortex at different frequencies. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01670. [PMID: 32506744 PMCID: PMC7375128 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) can modulate brain activity both in the stimulated site and remote brain areas of the sensorimotor network. However, the modulatory effects of rTMS at different frequencies remain unclear. Here, we employed finger-tapping task-based fMRI to investigate alterations in activation of the sensorimotor network after the application of rTMS over the left M1 at different frequencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five right-handed healthy participants were randomly divided into three groups by rTMS frequency (HF, high-frequency, 3 Hz; LF, low-frequency, 1 Hz; and SHAM) and underwent two task-fMRI sessions (RH, finger-tapping with right index finger; LH, finger-tapping with left index finger) before and after applying rTMS over the left M1. We defined regions of interest (ROIs) in the sensorimotor network based on group-level activation maps (pre-rTMS) from RH and LH tasks and calculated the percentage signal change (PSC) for each ROI. We then assessed the differences of PSC within HF or LF groups and between groups. RESULTS Application of rTMS at different frequencies resulted in a change in activation of several areas of the sensorimotor network. We observed the increased PSC in M1 after high-frequency stimulation, while we detected the reduced PSC in the primary sensory cortex (S1), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), supplementary motor cortex (SMA), and putamen after low-frequency stimulation. Moreover, the PSC in the SMA, dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), and putamen in the HF group was higher than in the LF group after stimulation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that activation alterations within sensorimotor network are dependent on the frequency of rTMS. Therefore, our findings contribute to understanding the effects of rTMS on brain activation in healthy individuals and ultimately may further help to suggest mechanisms of how rTMS could be employed as a therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Shandong Huayu University of Technology, Dezhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Feng Huang
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hui-Bin Ma
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China.,Integrated Medical Research School, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yating Lv
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Fede SJ, Dean SF, Manuweera T, Momenan R. A Guide to Literature Informed Decisions in the Design of Real Time fMRI Neurofeedback Studies: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:60. [PMID: 32161529 PMCID: PMC7052377 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although biofeedback using electrophysiology has been explored extensively, the approach of using neurofeedback corresponding to hemodynamic response is a relatively young field. Real time functional magnetic resonance imaging-based neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-NF) uses sensory feedback to operantly reinforce patterns of neural response. It can be used, for example, to alter visual perception, increase brain connectivity, and reduce depression symptoms. Within recent years, interest in rt-fMRI-NF in both research and clinical contexts has expanded considerably. As such, building a consensus regarding best practices is of great value. Objective: This systematic review is designed to describe and evaluate the variations in methodology used in previous rt-fMRI-NF studies to provide recommendations for rt-fMRI-NF study designs that are mostly likely to elicit reproducible and consistent effects of neurofeedback. Methods: We conducted a database search for fMRI neurofeedback papers published prior to September 26th, 2019. Of 558 studies identified, 146 met criteria for inclusion. The following information was collected from each study: sample size and type, task used, neurofeedback calculation, regulation procedure, feedback, whether feedback was explicitly related to changing brain activity, feedback timing, control group for active neurofeedback, how many runs and sessions of neurofeedback, if a follow-up was conducted, and the results of neurofeedback training. Results: rt-fMRI-NF is typically upregulation practice based on hemodynamic response from a specific region of the brain presented using a continually updating thermometer display. Most rt-fMRI-NF studies are conducted in healthy samples and half evaluate its effect on immediate changes in behavior or affect. The most popular control group method is to provide sham signal from another region; however, many studies do not compare use a comparison group. Conclusions: We make several suggestions for designs of future rt-fMRI-NF studies. Researchers should use feedback calculation methods that consider neural response across regions (i.e., SVM or connectivity), which should be conveyed as intermittent, auditory feedback. Participants should be given explicit instructions and should be assessed on individual differences. Future rt-fMRI-NF studies should use clinical samples; effectiveness of rt-fMRI-NF should be evaluated on clinical/behavioral outcomes at follow-up time points in comparison to both a sham and no feedback control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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26
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Lioi G, Butet S, Fleury M, Bannier E, Lécuyer A, Bonan I, Barillot C. A Multi-Target Motor Imagery Training Using Bimodal EEG-fMRI Neurofeedback: A Pilot Study in Chronic Stroke Patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:37. [PMID: 32132910 PMCID: PMC7040168 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional rehabilitation techniques present limitations and the majority of patients show poor 1-year post-stroke recovery. Thus, Neurofeedback (NF) or Brain-Computer-Interface applications for stroke rehabilitation purposes are gaining increased attention. Indeed, NF has the potential to enhance volitional control of targeted cortical areas and thus impact on motor function recovery. However, current implementations are limited by temporal, spatial or practical constraints of the specific imaging modality used. In this pilot work and for the first time in literature, we applied bimodal EEG-fMRI NF for upper limb stroke recovery on four stroke-patients with different stroke characteristics and motor impairment severity. We also propose a novel, multi-target training approach that guides the training towards the activation of the ipsilesional primary motor cortex. In addition to fMRI and EEG outcomes, we assess the integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) with tractography. Preliminary results suggest the feasibility of our approach and show its potential to induce an augmented activation of ipsilesional motor areas, depending on the severity of the stroke deficit. Only the two patients with a preserved CST and subcortical lesions succeeded in upregulating the ipsilesional primary motor cortex and exhibited a functional improvement of upper limb motricity. These findings highlight the importance of taking into account the variability of the stroke patients' population and enabled to identify inclusion criteria for the design of future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lioi
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Simon Butet
- Departement of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Mathis Fleury
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Bannier
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA, Rennes, France
- Departement of Radiology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Isabelle Bonan
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA, Rennes, France
- Departement of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rennes, Rennes, France
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hampson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, and the Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medicine School, and Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Junichi Ushiba
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan.
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28
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Pereira J, Direito B, Sayal A, Ferreira C, Castelo-Branco M. Self-Modulation of Premotor Cortex Interhemispheric Connectivity in a Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback Study Using an Adaptive Approach. Brain Connect 2019; 9:662-672. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- João Pereira
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Direito
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Sayal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ferreira
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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Nagai H, Tanaka T. Action Observation of Own Hand Movement Enhances Event-Related Desynchronization. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:1407-1415. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2919194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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