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Di Dona G, Ronconi L. Beta oscillations in vision: a (preconscious) neural mechanism for the dorsal visual stream? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1296483. [PMID: 38155693 PMCID: PMC10753839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1296483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations in alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) frequency bands are thought to reflect feedback/reentrant loops and large-scale cortical interactions. In the last decades a main effort has been made in linking perception with alpha-band oscillations, with converging evidence showing that alpha oscillations have a key role in the temporal and featural binding of visual input, configuring the alpha rhythm a key determinant of conscious visual experience. Less attention has been historically dedicated to link beta oscillations and visual processing. Nonetheless, increasing studies report that task conditions that require to segregate/integrate stimuli in space, to disentangle local/global shapes, to spatially reorganize visual inputs, and to achieve motion perception or form-motion integration, rely on the activity of beta oscillations, with a main hub in parietal areas. In the present review, we summarize the evidence linking oscillations within the beta band and visual perception. We propose that beta oscillations represent a neural code that supports the functionality of the magnocellular-dorsal (M-D) visual pathway, serving as a fast primary neural code to exert top-down influences on the slower parvocellular-ventral visual pathway activity. Such M-D-related beta activity is proposed to act mainly pre-consciously, providing the spatial coordinates of vision and guiding the conscious extraction of objects identity that are achieved with slower alpha rhythms in ventral areas. Finally, within this new theoretical framework, we discuss the potential role of M-D-related beta oscillations in visuo-spatial attention, oculo-motor behavior and reading (dis)abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Dona
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ronconi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Li D, Hu Y, Qi M, Zhao C, Jensen O, Huang J, Song Y. Prioritizing flexible working memory representations through retrospective attentional strengthening. Neuroimage 2023; 269:119902. [PMID: 36708973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work has proposed two potential benefits of retrospective attention on working memory (WM): target strengthening and non-target inhibition. It remains unknown which hypothesis contributes to the improved WM performance, yet the neural mechanisms responsible for this attentional benefit are unclear. Here, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) signals while 33 participants performed a retrospective-cue WM task. Multivariate pattern classification analysis revealed that only representations of target features were enhanced by valid retrospective attention during retention, supporting the target strengthening hypothesis. Further univariate analysis found that mid-frontal theta inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) and ERP components were modulated by valid retrospective attention and correlated with individual differences and moment-to-moment fluctuations on behavioral outcomes, suggesting that both trait- and state-level variability in attentional preparatory processes influence goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, task-irrelevant target spatial location could be decoded from EEG signals, indicating that enhanced spatial binding of target representation is vital to high WM precision. Importantly, frontoparietal theta-alpha phase-amplitude coupling was increased by valid retrospective attention and predicted the reduced random guessing rates. This long-range connection supported top-down information flow in the engagement of frontoparietal networks, which might organize attentional states to integrate target features. Altogether, these results provide neurophysiological bases that retrospective attention improves WM precision by enhancing flexible target representation and emphasize the critical role of the frontoparietal attentional network in the control of WM representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jing Huang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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Togoli I, Bueti D, Fornaciai M. The nature of magnitude integration: Contextual interference versus active magnitude binding. J Vis 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 36259675 PMCID: PMC9587468 DOI: 10.1167/jov.22.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnitude dimensions such as duration and numerosity have been shown to systematically interact, biasing each other in a congruent fashion: the more numerous a set of items is, the longer it is perceived to last in time. This integration between dimensions plays an important role in defining how we perceive magnitude. So far, however, the nature of magnitude integration remains unclear. Is magnitude integration a contextual interference, occurring whenever different types of information are concurrently available in the visual field, or does it involve an active “binding” of the different dimensions of the same object? To address these possibilities, we measured the integration bias induced by numerosity on perceived duration, in two cases: with duration and numerosity conveyed by distinct stimuli, or by the same stimulus. We show that a congruent integration effect can be observed only when the two magnitudes belong to the same stimulus. Instead, when the two magnitudes are conveyed by distinct stimuli, we observed an opposite effect. These findings demonstrate for the first time that a congruent integration occurs only between the dimensions of the same stimulus, suggesting the involvement of an active mechanism integrating the different dimensions of the same object in a unified percept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Togoli
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,
| | - Domenica Bueti
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,
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Sakamoto K, Kawaguchi N, Mushiake H. Shape and Rule Information Is Reflected in Different Local Field Potential Frequencies and Different Areas of the Primate Lateral Prefrontal Cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:750832. [PMID: 35645746 PMCID: PMC9137426 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.750832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LFPC) plays a crucial role in executive function by adaptively storing behavior-relevant information as working memory. Neural mechanisms associated with local field potentials (LFPs) may underlie the adaptive properties of the LFPC. Here, we analyzed how LFPs recorded from the monkey LFPC are modulated by the crucial factors of a shape manipulation task. In this task, the test shape is transformed by manipulating a lever to match the size and orientation of the sample shape. The subject is required to temporarily memorize the rules such as the arm-movement-manipulation relationship and the sample shape to generate the sequential behavior of operations. In the present study, we focused on task variables about shape and rules, and examined among which aspects distinguish the ventral and dorsal sides of the LFPC. We found that the transformed shape in the sample period strongly affected the theta and delta waves in the delay period on the ventral side, while the arm-manipulation assignment influenced the gamma components on the dorsal side. These findings suggest that area- and frequency-selective LFP modulations are involved in dynamically recruiting different behavior-relevant information in the LFPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuhiro Sakamoto,
| | - Norihiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hajime Mushiake
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Change not State: Perceptual coupling in multistable displays reflects transient bias induced by perceptual change. Psychon Bull Rev 2021; 29:97-107. [PMID: 34341970 PMCID: PMC8858312 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how changes in dynamic spatial context influence visual perception. Specifically, we reexamined the perceptual coupling phenomenon when two multistable displays viewed simultaneously tend to be in the same dominant state and switch in accord. Current models assume this interaction reflecting mutual bias produced by a dominant perceptual state. In contrast, we demonstrate that influence of spatial context is strongest when perception changes. First, we replicated earlier work using bistable kinetic-depth effect displays, then extended it by employing asynchronous presentation to show that perceptual coupling cannot be accounted for by the static context provided by perceptually dominant states. Next, we demonstrated that perceptual coupling reflects transient bias induced by perceptual change, both in ambiguous and disambiguated displays. We used a hierarchical Bayesian model to characterize its timing, demonstrating that the transient bias is induced 50-70 ms after the exogenous trigger event and decays within ~200-300 ms. Both endogenous and exogenous switches led to quantitatively and qualitatively similar perceptual consequences, activating similar perceptual reevaluation mechanisms within a spatial surround. We explain how they can be understood within a transient selective visual attention framework or using local lateral connections within sensory representations. We suggest that observed perceptual effects reflect general mechanisms of perceptual inference for dynamic visual scene perception.
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Zdarsky N, Treue S, Esghaei M. A Deep Learning-Based Approach to Video-Based Eye Tracking for Human Psychophysics. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:685830. [PMID: 34366813 PMCID: PMC8333872 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.685830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time gaze tracking provides crucial input to psychophysics studies and neuromarketing applications. Many of the modern eye-tracking solutions are expensive mainly due to the high-end processing hardware specialized for processing infrared-camera pictures. Here, we introduce a deep learning-based approach which uses the video frames of low-cost web cameras. Using DeepLabCut (DLC), an open-source toolbox for extracting points of interest from videos, we obtained facial landmarks critical to gaze location and estimated the point of gaze on a computer screen via a shallow neural network. Tested for three extreme poses, this architecture reached a median error of about one degree of visual angle. Our results contribute to the growing field of deep-learning approaches to eye-tracking, laying the foundation for further investigation by researchers in psychophysics or neuromarketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Zdarsky
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Treue
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Moein Esghaei
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
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Parto Dezfouli M, Davoudi S, Knight RT, Daliri MR, Johnson EL. Prefrontal lesions disrupt oscillatory signatures of spatiotemporal integration in working memory. Cortex 2021; 138:113-126. [PMID: 33684625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
How does the human brain integrate spatial and temporal information into unified mnemonic representations? Building on classic theories of feature binding, we first define the oscillatory signatures of integrating 'where' and 'when' information in working memory (WM) and then investigate the role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in spatiotemporal integration. Fourteen individuals with lateral PFC damage and 20 healthy controls completed a visuospatial WM task while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. On each trial, two shapes were presented sequentially in a top/bottom spatial orientation. We defined EEG signatures of spatiotemporal integration by comparing the maintenance of two possible where-when configurations: the first shape presented on top and the reverse. Frontal delta-theta (δθ; 2-7 Hz) activity, frontal-posterior δθ functional connectivity, lateral posterior event-related potentials, and mesial posterior alpha phase-to-gamma amplitude coupling dissociated the two configurations in controls. WM performance and frontal and mesial posterior signatures of spatiotemporal integration were diminished in PFC lesion patients, whereas lateral posterior signatures were intact. These findings reveal both PFC-dependent and independent substrates of spatiotemporal integration and link optimal performance to PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Parto Dezfouli
- School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran; Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeideh Davoudi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran; Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elizabeth L Johnson
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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