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Gautam D, Shields A, Krepps E, Ummear Raza M, Sivarao DV. Click train elicited local gamma synchrony: Differing performance and pharmacological responsivity of primary auditory and prefrontal cortices. Brain Res 2024:149091. [PMID: 38897535 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Auditory neural networks in the brain naturally entrain to rhythmic stimuli. Such synchronization is an accessible index of local network performance as captured by EEG. Across species, click trains delivered ∼ 40 Hz show strong entrainment with primary auditory cortex (Actx) being a principal source. Imaging studies have revealed additional cortical sources, but it is unclear if they are functionally distinct. Since auditory processing evolves hierarchically, we hypothesized that local synchrony would differ between between primary and association cortices. In female SD rats (N = 12), we recorded 40 Hz click train-elicited gamma oscillations using epidural electrodes situated at two distinct sites; one above the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and another above the Actx, after dosing with saline (1 ml/kg, sc) or the NMDA antagonist, MK801 (0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 mpk), in a blocked crossover design. Post-saline, both regions showed a strong 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR). The latencies for the N1 response were ∼ 16 ms (Actx) and ∼ 34 ms (PFC). Narrow band (38-42 Hz) gamma oscillations appeared rapidly (<40 ms from stim onset at Actx but in a more delayed fashion (∼200 ms) at PFC. MK801 augmented gamma synchrony at Actx while dose-dependently disrupting at the PFC. Event-related gamma (but not beta) coherence, an index of long-distance connectivity, was disrupted by MK801. In conclusion, local network gamma synchrony in a higher order association cortex performs differently from that of the primary auditory cortex. We discuss these findings in the context of evolving sound processing across the cortical hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshila Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Abby Shields
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Emily Krepps
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.
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Zhang H, Xie J, Tao Q, Xiao Y, Cui G, Fang W, Zhu X, Xu G, Li M, Han C. The effect of motion frequency and sound source frequency on steady-state auditory motion evoked potential. Hear Res 2023; 439:108897. [PMID: 37871451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of humans to perceive motion sound sources is important for accurate response to the living environment. Periodic motion sound sources can elicit steady-state motion auditory evoked potential (SSMAEP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different motion frequencies and different frequencies of sound source on SSMAEP. The stimulation paradigms for simulating periodic motion of sound sources were designed utilizing head-related transfer function (HRTF) techniques in this study. The motion frequencies of the paradigm are set respectively to 1-10 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 60 Hz, and 80 Hz. In addition, the frequencies of sound source of the paradigms were set to 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, and 4000 Hz at motion frequencies of 6 Hz and 40 Hz. Fourteen subjects with normal hearing were recruited for the study. SSMAEP was elicited by 500 Hz pure tone at motion frequencies of 1-10 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 60 Hz, and 80 Hz. SSMAEP was strongest at motion frequencies of 6 Hz. Moreover, at 6 Hz motion frequency, the SSMAEP amplitude was largest at the tone frequency of 500 Hz and smallest at 4000 Hz. Whilst SSMAEP elicited by 4000 Hz pure tone was significantly the strongest at motion frequency of 40 Hz. SSMAEP can be elicited by periodic motion sound sources at motion frequencies up to 80 Hz. SSMAEP also has a strong response at lower frequency. Low-frequency pure tones are beneficial to enhance SSMAEP at low-frequency sound source motion, whilst high-frequency pure tones help to enhance SSMAEP at high-frequency sound source motion. The study provides new insight into the brain's perception of rhythmic auditory motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China; National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qing Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guiling Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhu Fang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanghua Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengcheng Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Ummear Raza M, Gautam D, Rorie D, Sivarao DV. Differential Effects of Clozapine and Haloperidol on the 40 Hz Auditory Steady State Response-mediated Phase Resetting in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Female Sprague Dawley Rat. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:581-591. [PMID: 36691888 PMCID: PMC10154723 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural synchrony at gamma frequency (~40 Hz) is important for information processing and is disrupted in schizophrenia. From a drug development perspective, molecules that can improve local gamma synchrony are promising candidates for therapeutic development. HYPOTHESIS Given their differentiated clinical profile, clozapine, and haloperidol may have distinct effects on local gamma synchrony engendered by 40 Hz click trains, the so-called auditory steady-state response (ASSR). STUDY DESIGN Clozapine and haloperidol at doses known to mimic clinically relevant D2 receptor occupancy were evaluated using the ASSR in separate cohorts of female SD rats. RESULTS Clozapine (2.5-10 mg/kg, sc) robustly increased intertrial phase coherence (ITC), across all doses. Evoked response increased but less consistently. Background gamma activity, unrelated to the stimulus, showed a reduction at all doses. Closer scrutiny of the data indicated that clozapine accelerated gamma phase resetting. Thus, clozapine augmented auditory information processing in the gamma frequency range by reducing the background gamma, accelerating the gamma phase resetting and improving phase precision and signal power. Modest improvements in ITC were seen with Haloperidol (0.08 and 0.24 mg/kg, sc) without accelerating phase resetting. Evoked power was unaffected while background gamma was reduced at high doses only, which also caused catalepsy. CONCLUSIONS Using click-train evoked gamma synchrony as an index of local neural network function, we provide a plausible neurophysiological basis for the superior and differentiated profile of clozapine. These observations may provide a neurophysiological template for identifying new drug candidates with a therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Deepshila Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Dakota Rorie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
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Manting CL, Gulyas B, Ullén F, Lundqvist D. Steady-state responses to concurrent melodies: source distribution, top-down, and bottom-up attention. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3053-3066. [PMID: 35858223 PMCID: PMC10016039 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can direct attentional resources to a single sound occurring simultaneously among others to extract the most behaviourally relevant information present. To investigate this cognitive phenomenon in a precise manner, we used frequency-tagging to separate neural auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) that can be traced back to each auditory stimulus, from the neural mix elicited by multiple simultaneous sounds. Using a mixture of 2 frequency-tagged melody streams, we instructed participants to selectively attend to one stream or the other while following the development of the pitch contour. Bottom-up attention towards either stream was also manipulated with salient changes in pitch. Distributed source analyses of magnetoencephalography measurements showed that the effect of ASSR enhancement from top-down driven attention was strongest at the left frontal cortex, while that of bottom-up driven attention was dominant at the right temporal cortex. Furthermore, the degree of ASSR suppression from simultaneous stimuli varied across cortical lobes and hemisphere. The ASSR source distribution changes from temporal-dominance during single-stream perception, to proportionally more activity in the frontal and centro-parietal cortical regions when listening to simultaneous streams. These findings are a step forward to studying cognition in more complex and naturalistic soundscapes using frequency-tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balazs Gulyas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre (CoNiC), Lee Kong Chien School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Fredrik Ullén
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt 60322, Germany
| | - Daniel Lundqvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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Responses at Individual Gamma Frequencies Are Related to the Processing Speed but Not the Inhibitory Control. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010026. [PMID: 36675687 PMCID: PMC9861418 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between the state of networks underlying the generation of periodic responses at gamma ranges and cognitive outcomes is still poorly understood. In this study, we tested the idea that the individual differences in the ability to generate responses to auditory stimulation at gamma frequencies may underlie the individual differences in the inhibitory control. We focused on the processing speed and accuracy in the Bivalent Shape Task (a cognitive inhibition task assessing attentional interference) and explored the relationship with responses at 40 Hz and at individual gamma frequencies (IGFs, assessed utilizing auditory envelope-following responses in 30-60 Hz range). In a sample of 70 subjects, we show that individual measures (phase-locking index and event-related spectral perturbation) of the ability to generate gamma-range activity are not related to the individual differences in inhibitory control but rather reflect basic information processing speed in healthy young subjects. With the individualized approach (at IGFs), the observed associations were found to be somewhat stronger. These findings have important implications for the interpretation of gamma activity in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Nakamura T, Dinh TH, Asai M, Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Setogawa T, Ichijo H, Honda S, Yamada H, Mihara T, Nishijo H. Characteristics of auditory steady-state responses to different click frequencies in awake intact macaques. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:57. [PMID: 36180823 PMCID: PMC9524006 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are periodic evoked responses to constant periodic auditory stimuli, such as click trains, and are suggested to be associated with higher cognitive functions in humans. Since ASSRs are disturbed in human psychiatric disorders, recording ASSRs from awake intact macaques would be beneficial to translational research as well as an understanding of human brain function and its pathology. However, ASSR has not been reported in awake macaques. Results Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded from awake intact macaques, while click trains at 20–83.3 Hz were binaurally presented. EEGs were quantified based on event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and inter-trial coherence (ITC), and ASSRs were significantly demonstrated in terms of ERSP and ITC in awake intact macaques. A comparison of ASSRs among different click train frequencies indicated that ASSRs were maximal at 83.3 Hz. Furthermore, analyses of laterality indices of ASSRs showed that no laterality dominance of ASSRs was observed. Conclusions The present results demonstrated ASSRs, comparable to those in humans, in awake intact macaques. However, there were some differences in ASSRs between macaques and humans: macaques showed maximal ASSR responses to click frequencies higher than 40 Hz that has been reported to elicit maximal responses in humans, and showed no dominant laterality of ASSRs under the electrode montage in this study compared with humans with right hemisphere dominance. The future ASSR studies using awake intact macaques should be aware of these differences, and possible factors, to which these differences were ascribed, are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12868-022-00741-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakamura
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani2630, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Trong Ha Dinh
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani2630, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Makoto Asai
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani2630, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani2630, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Setogawa
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani2630, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichijo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sokichi Honda
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Takuma Mihara
- Candidate Discovery Science Labs, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani2630, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. .,Research Center for Idling Brain Science (RCIBS), University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Heijs JJ, Havelaar RJ, Fiedler P, van Wezel RJ, Heida T. Validation of Soft Multipin Dry EEG Electrodes. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21206827. [PMID: 34696039 PMCID: PMC8541549 DOI: 10.3390/s21206827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Current developments towards multipin, dry electrodes in electroencephalography (EEG) are promising for applications in non-laboratory environments. Dry electrodes do not require the application of conductive gel, which mostly confines the use of gel EEG systems to the laboratory environment. The aim of this study is to validate soft, multipin, dry EEG electrodes by comparing their performance to conventional gel EEG electrodes. Fifteen healthy volunteers performed three tasks, with a 32-channel gel EEG system and a 32-channel dry EEG system: the 40 Hz Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR), the checkerboard paradigm, and an eyes open/closed task. Within-subject analyses were performed to compare the signal quality in the time, frequency, and spatial domains. The results showed strong similarities between the two systems in the time and frequency domains, with strong correlations of the visual (ρ = 0.89) and auditory evoked potential (ρ = 0.81), and moderate to strong correlations for the alpha band during eye closure (ρ = 0.81–0.86) and the 40 Hz-ASSR power (ρ = 0.66–0.72), respectively. However, delta and theta band power was significantly increased, and the signal-to-noise ratio was significantly decreased for the dry EEG system. Topographical distributions were comparable for both systems. Moreover, the application time of the dry EEG system was significantly shorter (8 min). It can be concluded that the soft, multipin dry EEG system can be used in brain activity research with similar accuracy as conventional gel electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne J.A. Heijs
- TechMed Centre, Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; or (T.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ruben Jan Havelaar
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Patrique Fiedler
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany;
| | - Richard J.A. van Wezel
- TechMed Centre, Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; or (T.H.)
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Tjitske Heida
- TechMed Centre, Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; or (T.H.)
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