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Oestreicher S, Bowler DM, Derwent CT, Gaigg SB, Roessner V, Vetter N, Volk T, Beyer N, Ring M. Structural Learning in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children: A Replication and Extension. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06486-0. [PMID: 39269674 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is involved in many cognitive domains which are difficult for autistic individuals. Our previous study using a Structural Learning task that has been shown to depend on hippocampal functioning found that structural learning is diminished in autistic adults (Ring et al., 2017). The aim of the present study was to examine whether those results can be replicated in and extended to a sample of autistic and non-autistic children. We tested 43 autistic children and 38 non-autistic children with a subsample of 25 autistic and 28 non-autistic children who were well-matched on IQ. The children took part in a Simple Discrimination task which a simpler form of compound learning, and a Structural Learning task. We expected both groups to perform similarly in Simple Discrimination but reduced performance by the autism group on the Structural Learning task, which is what we found in both the well-matched and the non-matched sample. However, contrary to our prediction and the findings from autistic adults in our previous study, autistic children demonstrated a capacity for Structural Learning and showed an overall better performance in the tasks than was seen in earlier studies. We discuss developmental differences in autism as well as the role of executive functions that may have contributed to better than predicted task performance in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Oestreicher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dermot M Bowler
- Autism Research Group, Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire T Derwent
- Autism Research Group, Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian B Gaigg
- Autism Research Group, Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nora Vetter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Medical School Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theresia Volk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Beyer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Ring
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Zhou J, Zhao M, Yang Z, Chen L, Liu X. Exploring the Value of MRI Measurement of Hippocampal Volume for Predicting the Occurrence and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning Technology and Evidence-Based Medicine Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1275-1288. [PMID: 38277290 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), a major dementia cause, lacks effective treatment. MRI-based hippocampal volume measurement using artificial intelligence offers new insights into early diagnosis and intervention in AD progression. OBJECTIVE This study, involving 483 AD patients, 756 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 968 normal controls (NC), investigated the predictive capability of MRI-based hippocampus volume measurements for AD risk using artificial intelligence and evidence-based medicine. METHODS Utilizing data from ADNI and OASIS-brains databases, three convolutional neural networks (InceptionResNetv2, Densenet169, and SEResNet50) were employed for automated AD classification based on structural MRI imaging. A multitask deep learning model and a densely connected 3D convolutional network were utilized. Additionally, a systematic meta-analysis explored the value of MRI-based hippocampal volume measurement in predicting AD occurrence and progression, drawing on 23 eligible articles from PubMed and Embase databases. RESULTS InceptionResNetv2 outperformed other networks, achieving 99.75% accuracy and 100% AUC for AD-NC classification and 99.16% accuracy and 100% AUC for MCI-NC classification. Notably, at a 512×512 size, InceptionResNetv2 demonstrated a classification accuracy of 94.29% and an AUC of 98% for AD-NC and 97.31% accuracy and 98% AUC for MCI-NC. CONCLUSIONS The study concludes that MRI-based hippocampal volume changes effectively predict AD onset and progression, facilitating early intervention and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Mingli Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University Kangda, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
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DeMayo MM, Lv J, Duffy SL, D'Souza A, Mowszowski L, Naismith SL, Calamante F. Hippocampal Neuronal Integrity and Functional Connectivity Within the Default Mode Network in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Multimodal Investigation. Brain Connect 2022; 13:143-153. [PMID: 36367166 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2022.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the relationship between early changes in functional connectivity and in vivo changes in key neurometabolites is not known. Two established correlates of MCI diagnosis are decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the hippocampus, indicative of decreased neuronal integrity, and changes in the default mode network (DMN) functional network. If and how these measures interrelate is yet to be established, and such understanding may provide insight into the processes underpinning observed cognitive decline. Objectives: To determine the relationship between NAA levels in the left hippocampus and functional connectivity within the DMN in an aging cohort. Methods: In a sample of 51 participants with MCI and 30 controls, hippocampal NAA was determined using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and DMN connectivity was quantified using resting-state functional MRI. The association between hippocampal NAA and the DMN functional connectivity was tested within the MCI group and separately within the control group. Results: In the DMN, we showed a significant inverse association between functional connectivity and hippocampal NAA in 20 specific brain connections for patients with MCI. This was despite no evidence of any associations in the healthy control group or group differences in either of these measures alone. Conclusions: This study suggests that decreased neuronal integrity in the hippocampus is associated with functional change within the DMN for those with MCI, in contrast to healthy older adults. These results highlight the potential of multimodal investigations to better understand the processes associated with cognitive decline. Impact statement This study measured activity within the default mode network (DMN) and quantified N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a measure of neuronal integrity, within the hippocampus in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls. In participants with MCI, NAA levels were inversely associated with connectivity between specific regions of the DMN, a relationship not evident in healthy controls. This association was present even in the absence of group differences in DMN connectivity or NAA levels. This research illustrates the possibility of using multiple magnetic resonance modalities for more sensitive measures of early cognitive decline to identify and intervene earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena M DeMayo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jinglei Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shantel L Duffy
- Healthy Brain Aging Program, Brain and Mind Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arkiev D'Souza
- Brain and Mind Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Imaging, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Loren Mowszowski
- Healthy Brain Aging Program, Brain and Mind Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Healthy Brain Aging Program, Brain and Mind Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fernando Calamante
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Imaging, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Zhu Y, Gao Y, Guo C, Qi M, Xiao M, Wu H, Ma J, Zhong Q, Ding H, Zhou Q, Ali N, Zhou L, Zhang Q, Wu T, Wang W, Sun C, Thabane L, Zhang L, Wang T. Effect of 3-Month Aerobic Dance on Hippocampal Volume and Cognition in Elderly People With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:771413. [PMID: 35360212 PMCID: PMC8961023 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.771413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), especially amnestic MCI (aMCI), is a key stage in the prevention and intervention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether dancing could increase the hippocampal volume of seniors with aMCI remains debatable. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of aerobic dance on hippocampal volume and cognition after 3 months of aerobic dance in older adults with aMCI. In this randomized controlled trial, 68 elderly people with aMCI were randomized to either the aerobic dance group or the control group using a 1:1 allocation ratio. Ultimately, 62 of 68 participants completed this study, and the MRI data of 54 participants were included. A specially designed aerobic dance routine was performed by the dance group three times per week for 3 months, and all participants received monthly healthcare education after inclusion. MRI with a 3.0T MRI scanner and cognitive assessments were performed before and after intervention. High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted anatomical images were acquired for the analysis of hippocampal volume. A total of 35 participants (mean age: 71.51 ± 6.62 years) were randomized into the aerobic dance group and 33 participants (mean age: 69.82 ± 7.74 years) into the control group. A multiple linear regression model was used to detect the association between intervention and the difference of hippocampal volumes as well as the change of cognitive scores at baseline and after 3 months. The intervention group showed greater right hippocampal volume (β [95% CI]: 0.379 [0.117, 0.488], p = 0.002) and total hippocampal volume (β [95% CI]: 0.344 [0.082, 0.446], p = 0.005) compared to the control group. No significant association of age or gender was found with unilateral or global hippocampal volume. There was a correlation between episodic memory and intervention, as the intervention group showed a higher Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory (WMS-RLM) score (β [95% CI]: 0.326 [1.005, 6.773], p = 0.009). Furthermore, an increase in age may cause a decrease in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (β [95% CI]: −0.366 [−0.151, −0.034], p = 0.002). In conclusion, 3 months of aerobic dance could increase the right and total hippocampal volumes and improve episodic memory in elderly persons with aMCI. Clinical Trial Registration: This study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry [www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR-INR-15007420].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxin Gao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuan Guo
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Rehabilitation Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Qian Zhong
- Rehabilitation Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyuan Ding
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiumin Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nawab Ali
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Swat Institute of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Li Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiyun Sun
- Rehabilitation Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhang,
| | - Tong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Tong Wang,
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