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Zaccaro A, della Penna F, Mussini E, Parrotta E, Perrucci MG, Costantini M, Ferri F. Attention to cardiac sensations enhances the heartbeat-evoked potential during exhalation. iScience 2024; 27:109586. [PMID: 38623333 PMCID: PMC11016802 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiration and cardiac activity intricately interact through complex physiological mechanisms. The heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) is an EEG fluctuation reflecting the cortical processing of cardiac signals. We recently found higher HEP amplitude during exhalation than inhalation during a task involving attention to cardiac sensations. This may have been due to reduced cardiac perception during inhalation and heightened perception during exhalation through attentional mechanisms. To investigate relationships between HEP, attention, and respiration, we introduced an experimental setup that included tasks related to cardiac and respiratory interoceptive and exteroceptive attention. Results revealed HEP amplitude increases during the interoceptive tasks over fronto-central electrodes. When respiratory phases were taken into account, HEP increases were primarily driven by heartbeats recorded during exhalation, specifically during the cardiac interoceptive task, while inhalation had minimal impact. These findings emphasize the role of respiration in cardiac interoceptive attention and could have implications for respiratory interventions to fine-tune cardiac interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zaccaro
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca della Penna
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Mussini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parrotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Costantini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Dominik T, Mele A, Schurger A, Maoz U. Libet's legacy: A primer to the neuroscience of volition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105503. [PMID: 38072144 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The neuroscience of volition is an emerging subfield of the brain sciences, with hundreds of papers on the role of consciousness in action formation published each year. This makes the state-of-the-art in the discipline poorly accessible to newcomers and difficult to follow even for experts in the field. Here we provide a comprehensive summary of research in this field since its inception that will be useful to both groups. We also discuss important ideas that have received little coverage in the literature so far. We systematically reviewed a set of 2220 publications, with detailed consideration of almost 500 of the most relevant papers. We provide a thorough introduction to the seminal work of Benjamin Libet from the 1960s to 1980s. We also discuss common criticisms of Libet's method, including temporal introspection, the interpretation of the assumed physiological correlates of volition, and various conceptual issues. We conclude with recent advances and potential future directions in the field, highlighting modern methodological approaches to volition, as well as important recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfred Mele
- Department of Philosophy, Florida State University, FL, USA
| | | | - Uri Maoz
- Brain Institute, Chapman University, CA, USA
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Yu S, Wang Z, Wang F, Chen K, Yao D, Xu P, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang T. Multiclass classification of motor imagery tasks based on multi-branch convolutional neural network and temporal convolutional network model. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad511. [PMID: 38183186 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is a cognitive process wherein an individual mentally rehearses a specific movement without physically executing it. Recently, MI-based brain-computer interface (BCI) has attracted widespread attention. However, accurate decoding of MI and understanding of neural mechanisms still face huge challenges. These seriously hinder the clinical application and development of BCI systems based on MI. Thus, it is very necessary to develop new methods to decode MI tasks. In this work, we propose a multi-branch convolutional neural network (MBCNN) with a temporal convolutional network (TCN), an end-to-end deep learning framework to decode multi-class MI tasks. We first used MBCNN to capture the MI electroencephalography signals information on temporal and spectral domains through different convolutional kernels. Then, we introduce TCN to extract more discriminative features. The within-subject cross-session strategy is used to validate the classification performance on the dataset of BCI Competition IV-2a. The results showed that we achieved 75.08% average accuracy for 4-class MI task classification, outperforming several state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed MBCNN-TCN-Net framework successfully captures discriminative features and decodes MI tasks effectively, improving the performance of MI-BCIs. Our findings could provide significant potential for improving the clinical application and development of MI-based BCI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yu
- Microecology Research Center, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Mental Health Education Center and School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Zedong Wang
- Microecology Research Center, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Computer and Software, Chengdu Jincheng College, Chengdu 610097, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Mental Health Education Center and School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Microecology Research Center, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Microecology Research Center, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Microecology Research Center, Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Mental Health Education Center and School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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Dominijanni G, Pinheiro DL, Pollina L, Orset B, Gini M, Anselmino E, Pierella C, Olivier J, Shokur S, Micera S. Human motor augmentation with an extra robotic arm without functional interference. Sci Robot 2023; 8:eadh1438. [PMID: 38091424 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adh1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Extra robotic arms (XRAs) are gaining interest in neuroscience and robotics, offering potential tools for daily activities. However, this compelling opportunity poses new challenges for sensorimotor control strategies and human-machine interfaces (HMIs). A key unsolved challenge is allowing users to proficiently control XRAs without hindering their existing functions. To address this, we propose a pipeline to identify suitable HMIs given a defined task to accomplish with the XRA. Following such a scheme, we assessed a multimodal motor HMI based on gaze detection and diaphragmatic respiration in a purposely designed modular neurorobotic platform integrating virtual reality and a bilateral upper limb exoskeleton. Our results show that the proposed HMI does not interfere with speaking or visual exploration and that it can be used to control an extra virtual arm independently from the biological ones or in coordination with them. Participants showed significant improvements in performance with daily training and retention of learning, with no further improvements when artificial haptic feedback was provided. As a final proof of concept, naïve and experienced participants used a simplified version of the HMI to control a wearable XRA. Our analysis indicates how the presented HMI can be effectively used to control XRAs. The observation that experienced users achieved a success rate 22.2% higher than that of naïve users, combined with the result that naïve users showed average success rates of 74% when they first engaged with the system, endorses the viability of both the virtual reality-based testing and training and the proposed pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dominijanni
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Leal Pinheiro
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neuroengineering and Neurocognition Laboratory, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Division of Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pollina
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Orset
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Gini
- BioRobotics Institute, Health Interdisciplinary Center, and Department of Excellence in AI and Robotics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Neuroelectronic Interfaces, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Eugenio Anselmino
- BioRobotics Institute, Health Interdisciplinary Center, and Department of Excellence in AI and Robotics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Pierella
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Children's Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jérémy Olivier
- Institute for Industrial Sciences and Technologies, Haute Ecole du Paysage, d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture (HEPIA), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Solaiman Shokur
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- BioRobotics Institute, Health Interdisciplinary Center, and Department of Excellence in AI and Robotics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvestro Micera
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- BioRobotics Institute, Health Interdisciplinary Center, and Department of Excellence in AI and Robotics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Chung LKH, Jack BN, Griffiths O, Pearson D, Luque D, Harris AWF, Spencer KM, Le Pelley ME, So SHW, Whitford TJ. Neurophysiological evidence of motor preparation in inner speech and the effect of content predictability. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11556-11569. [PMID: 37943760 PMCID: PMC10751289 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-generated overt actions are preceded by a slow negativity as measured by electroencephalogram, which has been associated with motor preparation. Recent studies have shown that this neural activity is modulated by the predictability of action outcomes. It is unclear whether inner speech is also preceded by a motor-related negativity and influenced by the same factor. In three experiments, we compared the contingent negative variation elicited in a cue paradigm in an active vs. passive condition. In Experiment 1, participants produced an inner phoneme, at which an audible phoneme whose identity was unpredictable was concurrently presented. We found that while passive listening elicited a late contingent negative variation, inner speech production generated a more negative late contingent negative variation. In Experiment 2, the same pattern of results was found when participants were instead asked to overtly vocalize the phoneme. In Experiment 3, the identity of the audible phoneme was made predictable by establishing probabilistic expectations. We observed a smaller late contingent negative variation in the inner speech condition when the identity of the audible phoneme was predictable, but not in the passive condition. These findings suggest that inner speech is associated with motor preparatory activity that may also represent the predicted action-effects of covert actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence K-h Chung
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Mathews Building, Library Walk, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Sino Building, Chung Chi Road, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bradley N Jack
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Building 39, Science Road, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Oren Griffiths
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Behavioural Sciences Building, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Daniel Pearson
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Griffith Taylor Building, Manning Road, Camperdown NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Luque
- Department of Basic Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Malaga, Faculty of Psychology, Dr Ortiz Ramos Street, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Anthony W F Harris
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Kevin M Spencer
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston MA 02130, United States
| | - Mike E Le Pelley
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Mathews Building, Library Walk, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Suzanne H-w So
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Sino Building, Chung Chi Road, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas J Whitford
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Mathews Building, Library Walk, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
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Kleinfeld D, Deschênes M, Economo MN, Elbaz M, Golomb D, Liao SM, O'Connor DH, Wang F. Low- and high-level coordination of orofacial motor actions. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102784. [PMID: 37757586 PMCID: PMC11034851 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial motor actions are movements that, in rodents, involve whisking of the vibrissa, deflection of the nose, licking and lapping with the tongue, and consumption through chewing. These actions, along with bobbing and turning of the head, coordinate to subserve exploration while not conflicting with life-supporting actions such as breathing and swallowing. Orofacial and head movements are comprised of two additive components: a rhythm that can be entrained by the breathing oscillator and a broadband component that directs the actuator to the region of interest. We focus on coordinating the rhythmic component of actions into a behavior. We hypothesize that the precise timing of each constituent action is continually adjusted through the merging of low-level oscillator input with sensory-derived, high-level rhythmic feedback. Supporting evidence is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Martin Deschênes
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, Québec City, G1J 2R3 Canada
| | - Michael N Economo
- Department of Bioengineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michaël Elbaz
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - David Golomb
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben Gurion University, Be'er-Sheba 8410501, Israel; Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University, Be'er-Sheba 8410501, Israel
| | - Song-Mao Liao
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel H O'Connor
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Zynval Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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