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Todd TW, Petrucelli L. Modelling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in rodents. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:231-251. [PMID: 35260846 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficient study of human disease requires the proper tools, one of the most crucial of which is an accurate animal model that faithfully recapitulates the human condition. The study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is no exception. Although the majority of ALS cases are considered sporadic, most animal models of this disease rely on genetic mutations identified in familial cases. Over the past decade, the number of genes associated with ALS has risen dramatically and, with each new genetic variant, there is a drive to develop associated animal models. Rodent models are of particular importance as they allow for the study of ALS in the context of a living mammal with a comparable CNS. Such models not only help to verify the pathogenicity of novel mutations but also provide critical insight into disease mechanisms and are crucial for the testing of new therapeutics. In this Review, we aim to summarize the full spectrum of ALS rodent models developed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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2
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Cavalli M, Cardani R, Renna LV, Toffetti M, Villa L, Meola G. First Family of MATR3-Related Distal Myopathy From Italy: The Role of Muscle Biopsy in the Diagnosis and Characterization of a Still Poorly Understood Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:715386. [PMID: 34659085 PMCID: PMC8517147 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.715386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MATR3 gene are associated to distal myopathy with vocal cord and pharyngeal weakness (VCPDM), as well as familiar and sporadic motor neuron disease. To date, 12 VCPDM families from the United States, Germany, Japan, Bulgary, and France have been described in the literature. Here we report an Italian family with a propositus of a 40-year-old woman presenting progressive bilateral foot drop, rhinolalia, and distal muscular atrophy, without clinical signs of motor neuron affection. Her father, deceased some years before, presented a similar distal myopathy phenotype, while her 20-year-old son is asymptomatic. Myopathic changes with vacuolization were observed in muscle biopsy from the propositus. These results, together with the peculiar clinical picture, lead to MATR3 gene sequencing, which revealed a heterozygous p.S85C mutation in the propositus. The same mutation was found in her son. Over a 5-year follow-up, progression is mild in the propositus, while her son remains asymptomatic. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data of our propositus are presented and compared to previously reported cases of VCPDM. VCPDM turns out to be a quite homogenous phenotype of late-onset myopathy associated to p.S85C mutation in MATR3 gene. MATR3-related pathology, encompassing myopathy and motor neuron disease, represents an illustrative example of multisystem proteinopathy (MSP), such as other diseases associated to mutations in VCP, HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPA1, and SQSTM1 genes. The present report contributes to a further characterization of this still poorly understood pathology and points out the diagnostic utility of muscle biopsy in challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cavalli
- Université Côte d'Azur, Peripheral Nervous System and Muscle Department, Pasteur 2 Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- BioCor Biobank, Department of Clinical Pathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Laura Valentina Renna
- BioCor Biobank, Department of Clinical Pathology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Mauro Toffetti
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Franciacorta, Chiari, Italy
| | - Luisa Villa
- Université Côte d'Azur, Peripheral Nervous System and Muscle Department, Pasteur 2 Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are essential factors required for the physiological function of neurons, muscle, and other tissue types. In keeping with this, a growing body of genetic, clinical, and pathological evidence indicates that RBP dysfunction and/or gene mutation leads to neurodegeneration and myopathy. Here, we summarize the current understanding of matrin 3 (MATR3), a poorly understood RBP implicated not only in ALS and frontotemporal dementia but also in distal myopathy. We begin by reviewing MATR3's functions, its regulation, and how it may be involved in both sporadic and familial neuromuscular disease. We also discuss insights gleaned from cellular and animal models of MATR3 pathogenesis, the links between MATR3 and other disease-associated RBPs, and the mechanisms underlying RBP-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Malik
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, and
| | - Sami J. Barmada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, and
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Savarese M, Sarparanta J, Vihola A, Jonson PH, Johari M, Rusanen S, Hackman P, Udd B. Panorama of the distal myopathies. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2020; 39:245-265. [PMID: 33458580 PMCID: PMC7783427 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Distal myopathies are genetic primary muscle disorders with a prominent weakness at onset in hands and/or feet. The age of onset (from early childhood to adulthood), the distribution of muscle weakness (upper versus lower limbs) and the histological findings (ranging from nonspecific myopathic changes to myofibrillar disarrays and rimmed vacuoles) are extremely variable. However, despite being characterized by a wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity, the distal myopathies are a category of muscular dystrophies: genetic diseases with progressive loss of muscle fibers. Myopathic congenital arthrogryposis is also a form of distal myopathy usually caused by focal amyoplasia. Massive parallel sequencing has further expanded the long list of genes associated with a distal myopathy, and contributed identifying as distal myopathy-causative rare variants in genes more often related with other skeletal or cardiac muscle diseases. Currently, almost 20 genes (ACTN2, CAV3, CRYAB, DNAJB6, DNM2, FLNC, HNRNPA1, HSPB8, KHLH9, LDB3, MATR3, MB, MYOT, PLIN4, TIA1, VCP, NOTCH2NLC, LRP12, GIPS1) have been associated with an autosomal dominant form of distal myopathy. Pathogenic changes in four genes (ADSSL, ANO5, DYSF, GNE) cause an autosomal recessive form; and disease-causing variants in five genes (DES, MYH7, NEB, RYR1 and TTN) result either in a dominant or in a recessive distal myopathy. Finally, a digenic mechanism, underlying a Welander-like form of distal myopathy, has been recently elucidated. Rare pathogenic mutations in SQSTM1, previously identified with a bone disease (Paget disease), unexpectedly cause a distal myopathy when combined with a common polymorphism in TIA1. The present review aims at describing the genetic basis of distal myopathy and at summarizing the clinical features of the different forms described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Sarparanta
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Rusanen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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Mensch A, Kraya T, Koester F, Müller T, Stoevesandt D, Zierz S. Whole-body muscle MRI of patients with MATR3-associated distal myopathy reveals a distinct pattern of muscular involvement and highlights the value of whole-body examination. J Neurol 2020; 267:2408-2420. [PMID: 32361838 PMCID: PMC7358922 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-09862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MATR3-associated distal myopathy is a rare distal myopathy predominantly affecting lower legs as well as wrist- and finger extensors. Whilst most distal myopathies are clinically and genetically well characterized, diagnosis often remains challenging. Pattern-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches offer valuable additional information. However, a consistent pattern of muscular affection is missing for most distal myopathies. Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish a disease-specific pattern of muscular involvement in MATR3-associated distal myopathy using whole-body MRI. METHODS 15 patients (25-79 years of age, 7 female) with MATR3-associated distal myopathy were subjected to whole-body MRI. The grade of fatty involution for individual muscles was determined using Fischer-Grading. Results were compared to established MRI-patterns of other distal myopathies. RESULTS There was a predominant affection of the distal lower extremities. Lower legs showed a severe fatty infiltration, prominently affecting gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. In thighs, a preferential involvement of semimembranous and biceps femoris muscle was observed. Severe affection of gluteus minimus muscle as well as axial musculature, mainly affecting the thoracic segments, was seen. A sufficient discrimination to other forms of distal myopathy based solely on MRI-findings of the lower extremities was not possible. However, the inclusion of additional body parts seemed to yield specificity. INTERPRETATION Muscle MRI of patients with MATR3-associated distal myopathy revealed a distinct pattern of muscular involvement. The usage of whole-body muscle MRI provided valuable additional findings as compared to regular MRI of the lower extremities to improve distinction from other disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mensch
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Torsten Kraya
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felicitas Koester
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Department of Radiology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dietrich Stoevesandt
- Department of Radiology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Zhang X, Yamashita S, Hara K, Doki T, Tawara N, Ikeda T, Misumi Y, Zhang Z, Matsuo Y, Nagai M, Kurashige T, Maruyama H, Ando Y. A mutantMATR3mouse model to explain multisystem proteinopathy. J Pathol 2019; 249:182-192. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kentaro Hara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Tsukasa Doki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Nozomu Tawara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Tokunori Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
- Department of Clinical InvestigationKumamoto University Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yohei Misumi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Matsuo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Makiko Nagai
- Department of NeurologyKitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of NeurologyNational Hospital Organization Kure Medical Centre Kure Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and TherapeuticsHiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and TherapeuticsHiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
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Moloney C, Rayaprolu S, Howard J, Fromholt S, Brown H, Collins M, Cabrera M, Duffy C, Siemienski Z, Miller D, Borchelt DR, Lewis J. Analysis of spinal and muscle pathology in transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type and ALS-linked mutant MATR3. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:137. [PMID: 30563574 PMCID: PMC6299607 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in MATR3 have been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as well as a form of distal myopathy termed vocal cord pharyngeal distal myopathy (VCPDM). To begin to understand how mutations in MATR3 may cause disease, here we provide initial characterization of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human wild-type (WT) MATR3 (MATR3WT) and ALS-mutant F115C MATR3 (MATR3F115C) proteins under the control of the mouse prion promoter (MoPrP). For each construct, we established multiple independent lines of mice that stably transmitted the transgene. Unexpectedly, for all stably-transmitting lines examined, MATR3 transgenic mRNA expression was more robust in muscle, with minimal expression in spinal cord. The levels of transgenic mRNA in muscle did not differ between mice from our lead MATR3F115C line and lead MATR3WT line, but mice from the lead MATR3F115C line had significantly higher levels of MATR3 protein in muscle over the lead MATR3WT line. Mice from the three independent, established lines of MATR3F115C mice developed weakness in both fore- and hind-limbs as early as < 1 months of age; whereas, MATR3WT mice aged to > 20 months were not overtly distinguishable from non-transgenic (NT) littermates based on basic motor phenotype. Muscle of both MATR3WT and MATR3F115C mice showed vacuoles by 2 months of age which worsened by ~ 10 months, but vacuolation was noticeably more severe in MATR3F115C mice. Overall, our results indicate that increasing the levels of MATR3 in muscle can cause pathologic changes associated with myopathy, with MATR3F115C expression causing overt muscle atrophy and a profound motor phenotype. The findings suggest that analysis of muscle pathology in individuals harboring ALS-linked MATR3 mutations should be routinely considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Moloney
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - John Howard
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Susan Fromholt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hilda Brown
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Matt Collins
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mariela Cabrera
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Colin Duffy
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zoe Siemienski
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dave Miller
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Jada Lewis
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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