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Wu B, Wang HJ, Yang XP, Zhong ZH. The Influence of Preoperative Waiting Time on Anxiety and Pain Levels in Outpatient Surgery for Breast Diseases. J Patient Saf 2024; 20:105-109. [PMID: 38147062 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the effects of different preoperative waiting times on anxiety and pain levels in patients undergoing outpatient surgery for breast diseases, providing insights for clinical interventions during the perioperative phase. METHODS Patients who underwent outpatient surgery at a hospital breast center in Ningbo between January 2021 and December 2021 were selected. Their anxiety levels at the time when they entered the preoperative preparation room and when they ended the postoperative waiting period for the rapid frozen section procedure were assessed using the State Anxiety Inventory (S-AI) questionnaire, and their pain levels at the end of the postoperative waiting period were assessed using the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The patients enrolled were divided into 3 groups according to the preoperative waiting time: <2 hours (T1 group), 2 to 4 hours (T2 group), and >4 hours (T3 group); there were 150 patients in each group, and the anxiety and pain levels were compared between the groups. RESULTS At the time of entering the preoperative preparation room, patients' S-AI score T1 = T2 ( P > 0.05), both T1 and T2 < T3 ( P < 0.05); however, at the time of the postoperative waiting period, patients' S-AI score was T1 < T2 < T3 ( P < 0.05), and the postoperative waiting period patients' short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire scores were T1 = T2 < T3 ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The perioperative anxiety and pain levels of patients undergoing outpatient breast surgery increased with the prolongation of preoperative waiting time; 4 hours was the critical time point for change, after which the anxiety and pain levels of patients increased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wu
- From the Departments of Operating Room
| | | | | | - Zhen-Hua Zhong
- Breast Center, The Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
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Komulainen T, Bärlund V, Tanila H, Koivisto A, Jäkälä P. Incidence and Risk Factors of Transient Global Amnesia. Neuroepidemiology 2023; 57:246-252. [PMID: 37231955 DOI: 10.1159/000530713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a spontaneously resolving, anterograde amnesia that lasts mostly <24 h and often occurs with retrograde amnesia. The etiology of TGA remains unclear, although in recent decades, many risk factors and preceding events have been identified. There are few up-to-date reports on the TGA incidence in Northern Europe. In this study, we report the incidence and risk factors associated with TGA in Finland. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included all patients with suspected TGA that were referred to Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) in 2017. The hospital catchment area included 246,653 individuals. Risk factors and demographic data were collected from medical records. The TGA incidence rates were calculated as the number of patients with TGA divided by the number of individuals at risk in different age groups. RESULTS In 2017, 56 patients were treated for TGA at KUH. Of these, 46 had a first-ever TGA. The most common event preceding TGA was physical effort (n = 28, 50%), followed by emotional stress (n = 11, 19.6%) and water contact or a temperature change (n = 11, 19.6%). The most common comorbidities were hypercholesterolemia (n = 22, 39.3%), hypertensive disease (n = 21, 37.5%), hypothyroidism (n = 11, 19.6%), coronary artery disease (n = 8, 14.3%), and migraine (n = 7, 12.5%). TGA occurred most often in December (n = 9, 16.0%), March (n = 8, 14.3%), or October (n = 8, 14.3%), and least often in November and May (n = 2, 3.6% in both months). The crude incidence of a first TGA in Eastern Finland was 18.6/100,000 inhabitants, and when standardized to the European population in 2010, it was 14.3/100,000 inhabitants. Therefore, the TGA incidence was higher than previously reported in European countries. DISCUSSION The most common precipitating factors for TGA were physical effort, emotional stress, and water contact/temperature change. The incidence of TGA was high in the Eastern Finnish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Komulainen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Venla Bärlund
- Department of Medicine, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Geriatrics, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Jäkälä
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Segobin S, Renault C, Viader F, Eustache F, Pitel AL, Quinette P. Disruption in normal correlational patterns of metabolic networks in the limbic circuit during transient global amnesia. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad082. [PMID: 37101832 PMCID: PMC10123398 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient global amnesia is characterized by the sudden apparition of severe episodic amnesia, mainly anterograde, associated with emotional changes. Even though the symptoms are stereotyped, cerebral mechanism underlying transient global amnesia remains unexplained and previous studies using positron emission tomography do not show any clear results or consensus on cerebral regions impacted during transient global amnesia. This study included a group of 10 transient global amnesic patients who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography during the acute or recovery phase of the episode and 10 paired healthy controls. Episodic memory was evaluated with the encoding-storage-retrieval paradigm and a story recall test of the Wechsler's memory scale and anxiety was assessed with the Spielberger scale. We used statistical parametric mapping to identify modifications of whole-brain metabolism. Regarding hypometabolism, there was no brain region systematically affected in all transient global amnesic patients and the comparison between amnesic patients and controls did not show any significant differences. To better understand the specific implication of the limbic circuit in the pathophysiology of transient global amnesia, we then conducted a correlational analysis that included regions of this network. Our findings showed that in healthy controls, regions of the limbic circuit seem to operate in a synchronized way with all regions being highly correlated to each other. On the opposite, in transient global amnesic patients, we observed a clear disruption of this normal correlational patterns between regions with the medial temporal lobe (the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and amygdala) included in one cluster and the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus and thalamus gathered in the other one. Given the individual variability in the time course of transient global amnesia, the direct comparison between a group of patients and controls does not seem to favour the identification of subtle and transient alterations in regional metabolism. The involvement of an extended network, such as the limbic circuit, seems more likely to explain the symptoms of patients. Indeed, the synchronization of regions within the limbic circuit seems to be altered during transient global amnesia, which could explain the amnesia and anxiety observed in transient global amnesic patients. The present study thus deepens our understanding of the mechanisms underlying not only amnesia but also the emotional component of transient global amnesia by considering it as a disruption in the normal correlational patterns within the limbic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fausto Viader
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032, Caen, Normandie, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032, Caen, Normandie, France
| | | | - Peggy Quinette
- Correspondence to: Peggy Quinette Unité de recherche Inserm-EPHE-Unicaen U1077 Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine Pôle des Formations et de Recherches en Santé 2, rue des Rochambelles, F-14032 Caen Cedex CS, France E-mail:
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Hippocampal infarction: redefining transient global amnesia. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4281-4286. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hoyer C, Ebert A, Sandikci V, Platten M, Szabo K. Sex-related differences in stressful events precipitating transient global amnesia - A retrospective observational study. J Neurol Sci 2021; 425:117464. [PMID: 33892277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physically or emotionally charged events have consistently been reported as precipitating an episode of transient global amnesia (TGA). In conjunction with evidence of hippocampal involvement from neuroimaging, this has promoted the hypothesis that TGA is a stress-related disorder. METHODS In this retrospective observational study, medical records of 389 patients with TGA were analysed regarding documented precipitating events, which were classified according to previously suggested criteria. Moreover, comorbidities and results of magnetic resonance imaging were collected. FINDINGS In our cohort of TGA patients, 231 were female (59.4%). A precipitating factor was identified in 266 patients (68.4%). Of these, 136 patients (51.1%) reported physical triggers, the most common being physical exertion (64.0%). Another 122 patients (45.9%) presented with an emotional trigger, most frequently classified as an interpersonal conflict (42.7%). In 8 cases (2.1%), TGA was preceded by a medical procedure. Emotional triggers were more often experienced by women (37.2% vs 22.8%, p = 0.003), while physical stressors were more often present in men (30.7% vs 41.1%, p = 0.035). Women had a significantly higher number of hippocampal MRI lesions than men (mean 1.13 vs 0.92; p = 0.042). CONCLUSION Our data suggest a female predominance in TGA occurrence and a sex-related difference in susceptibility to certain triggering events in TGA patients. In light of recent research on sex-specific differences in vulnerability to stress, these findings support the hypothesis that this might be a significant contributing factor in the pathogenesis of TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Hoyer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Anne Ebert
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vesile Sandikci
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Szabo
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Becquet C, Viader F, Eustache F, Quinette P. Self-awareness in Transient Global Amnesia: distinguishing the effects of transient memory disorder vs. pre-existing vulnerability factors. Neurocase 2021; 27:196-204. [PMID: 33856957 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1912359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous evidences suggest the existence of relationships between the impairment of episodic memory, acute stress exposure and variations in self-awareness (SA). Here, we examined 27 patients presenting transient global amnesia (TGA), a clinical condition which combines episodic amnesia and high anxiety, thanks to state and trait questionnaires of SA. We observed variation of SA depending on the stage of TGA (acute, recovery and follow-up). We also found preexisting differences in patient's awareness of their own image when the precipitating event was physical, encouraging us to give more consideration to the social determinants of stress in physiological cascade of TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Becquet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Centre Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Fausto Viader
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Centre Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Centre Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Peggy Quinette
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Centre Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
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