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Loss of O-GlcNAcylation on MeCP2 at Threonine 203 Leads to Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:113-134. [PMID: 34773221 PMCID: PMC8821740 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene in humans are responsible for most cases of Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked progressive neurological disorder. While genome-wide screens in clinical trials have revealed several putative RTT-associated mutations in MECP2, their causal relevance regarding the functional regulation of MeCP2 at the etiologic sites at the protein level requires more evidence. In this study, we demonstrated that MeCP2 was dynamically modified by O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) at threonine 203 (T203), an etiologic site in RTT patients. Disruption of the O-GlcNAcylation of MeCP2 specifically at T203 impaired dendrite development and spine maturation in cultured hippocampal neurons, and disrupted neuronal migration, dendritic spine morphogenesis, and caused dysfunction of synaptic transmission in the developing and juvenile mouse cerebral cortex. Mechanistically, genetic disruption of O-GlcNAcylation at T203 on MeCP2 decreased the neuronal activity-induced induction of Bdnf transcription. Our study highlights the critical role of MeCP2 T203 O-GlcNAcylation in neural development and synaptic transmission potentially via brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
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Li P, Quan W, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhang H, Zhou Y. AD7c-NTP Impairs Adult Striatal Neurogenesis by Affecting the Biological Function of MeCP2 in APP/PSl Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:616614. [PMID: 33551790 PMCID: PMC7855712 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.616614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes by which neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural precursor cells (NPCs) transform into the characteristic lineages observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are poorly characterized. Understanding these processes is of critical importance due to the increased prevalence of AD and the lack of effective AD strategies. Here, we used immunohistochemistry and Western blot to find out if MeCP2 was phosphorylated at a specific amino acid residue, Serine 421 (S421), and activated in response to AD-induced damage in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PSl transgenic mice, altering its nuclear to cytoplasmic shuttling. Epigenetic examinations combined with chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation revealed that the translocation of MeCP2 from the nucleus to cytoplasm led to the loss of lineage-specific gene promoters (such as Gfap, Nestin, and Dcx), decreased transcriptional repression, and the activation of gene expression. Immunofluorescence data demonstrated that neurogenic progenitors with high levels of active phosphorylated MeCP2 at S421 (MeCP2 pS421) possessed a high probability of development into doublecortin (DCX)-expressing cells. AD7c-NTP will control neurogenic progenitor regeneration through its effects on MeCP2 pS421, leading to altered lineage-specific gene expression. This adds to the growing list of biological effects of AD7c-NTP in the brain and highlights MeCP2 as relevant to the plasticity of neural cells in the AD mice striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengguang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huihong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Two Thalamic Regions Screened Using Laser Capture Microdissection with Whole Human Genome Microarray in Schizophrenia Postmortem Samples. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2020; 2020:5176834. [PMID: 32566292 PMCID: PMC7285254 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5176834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We used whole human genome microarray screening of highly enriched neuronal populations from two thalamic regions in postmortem samples from subjects with schizophrenia and controls to identify brain region-specific gene expression changes and possible transcriptional targets. The thalamic anterior nucleus is reciprocally connected to anterior cingulate, a schizophrenia-affected cortical region, and is also thought to be schizophrenia affected; the other thalamic region is not. Using two regions in the same subject to identify disease-relevant gene expression differences was novel and reduced intersubject heterogeneity of findings. We found gene expression differences related to miRNA-137 and other SZ-associated microRNAs, ELAVL1, BDNF, DISC-1, MECP2 and YWHAG associated findings, synapses, and receptors. Manual curation of our data may support transcription repression.
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Parikh ZS, Tripathi A, Pillai PP. Differential Regulation of MeCP2 Phosphorylation by Laminin in Oligodendrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:309-317. [PMID: 28616777 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLGs) are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), and its proper differentiation is crucial for normal functioning of neurons. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a multifunctional methylated DNA binding protein; mutation of which causes Rett syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. Previously, we reported that MeCP2 is expressed in all the stages of oligodendrocyte development, and also shown the role of MeCP2 as a transcription regulator of myelin genes in OLGs. The expression and function of MeCP2 phosphorylation at S80 (pS80MeCP2) has been well studied in neurons and astrocytes; however, there is no data so far available in OLGs regarding pS80MeCP2. Certain developmental stimuli such as growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein play important role in OLG development. In the present study, we have examined the effects of external stimuli (growth factors (GFs) and extracellular matrix (ECMs)) on S80 phosphorylation of MeCP2 in N19 oligodendroglial cells (N19 OLGs). This study provides the first evidence that laminin (LN) differentially regulates the expression of pS80MeCP2 in immature and mature N19 OLGs. Thus, MeCP2 is phosphorylated in a stimulus-dependent manner during oligodendrocyte development, and thereby, it may regulate the oligodendrocyte behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalak S Parikh
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Prakash P Pillai
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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The significance of the increased expression of phosphorylated MeCP2 in the membranes from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32850. [PMID: 27616658 PMCID: PMC5018725 DOI: 10.1038/srep32850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of expression of phosphorylated methyl-CpG binding protein 2-Ser421 (MeCP2-S421) and VEGF in the membranes of patients with PDR. We examined the expression of phospho-MeCP2-S80, S421, VEGF and PEDF in surgically excised PDR membranes from 33 patients with diabetes, and idiopathic epiretinal membranes from 11 patients without diabetes, using immunohistochemistry and western blot. The colocalization of MeCP2-S421 with VEGF, PEDF, CD31, GFAP and αSMA was revealed by fluorescent double labeling. The effect of CoCl2 and knock down MeCP2 using specific siRNA on the expression of MeCP2 and VEGF were analyzed in HUCAC cells by Western blot. We found that phospho-MeCP2-S421 was significantly increased in the membranes from the patients with PDR compared with the specimens from patients without diabetes (P < 0.01). The expression of phospho-MeCP2-S421 was much stronger than that of phospho-MeCP2-S80 in the PDR membranes. Double labeling showed that the high phospho-MeCP2-S421 expression was associated with strong expression of VEGF, but not PEDF. Further, phospho-MeCP2-S421 and VEGF were increased by the stimulation of CoCl2 and knock down MeCP2 inhibited the expression of VEGF. Our result suggests that phospho-MeCP2-S421 might involve in the pathogenesis of PDR.
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Abstract
Two recent papers center on the emerging intersection of DNA methylation and homeostatic plasticity. To better appreciate the context of these studies, we first briefly review the mechanistic connections between DNA methylation and plasticity before delving into the ways in which these two papers fortify the connection between synapse and nucleus but also highlight the need for studies with a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Clark
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Sacha B Nelson
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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Bie B, Wu J, Yang H, Xu JJ, Brown DL, Naguib M. Epigenetic suppression of neuroligin 1 underlies amyloid-induced memory deficiency. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:223-31. [PMID: 24441681 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-induced microglial activation and neuroinflammation impair central synapses and memory function, although the mechanism remains unclear. Neuroligin 1 (NLGN1), a postsynaptic protein found in central excitatory synapses, governs excitatory synaptic efficacy and plasticity in the brain. Here we found, in rodents, that amyloid fibril-induced neuroinflammation enhanced the interaction between histone deacetylase 2 and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, leading to suppressed histone H3 acetylation and enhanced cytosine methylation in the Nlgn1 promoter region and decreased NLGN1 expression, underlying amyloid-induced memory deficiency. Manipulation of microglia-associated neuroinflammation modulated the epigenetic modification of the Nlgn1 promoter, hippocampal glutamatergic transmission and memory function. These findings link neuroinflammation, synaptic efficacy and memory, thus providing insight into the pathogenesis of amyloid-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihua Bie
- 1] Department of General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. [2]
| | - Jiang Wu
- 1] Department of General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. [2]
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jijun J Xu
- Department of General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David L Brown
- Department of General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohamed Naguib
- Department of General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Mellén M, Ayata P, Dewell S, Kriaucionis S, Heintz N. MeCP2 binds to 5hmC enriched within active genes and accessible chromatin in the nervous system. Cell 2013; 151:1417-30. [PMID: 23260135 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 694] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The high level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) present in neuronal genomes suggests that mechanisms interpreting 5hmC in the CNS may differ from those present in embryonic stem cells. Here, we present quantitative, genome-wide analysis of 5hmC, 5-methylcytosine (5mC), and gene expression in differentiated CNS cell types in vivo. We report that 5hmC is enriched in active genes and that, surprisingly, strong depletion of 5mC is observed over these regions. The contribution of these epigenetic marks to gene expression depends critically on cell type. We identify methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) as the major 5hmC-binding protein in the brain and demonstrate that MeCP2 binds 5hmC- and 5mC-containing DNA with similar high affinities. The Rett-syndrome-causing mutation R133C preferentially inhibits 5hmC binding. These findings support a model in which 5hmC and MeCP2 constitute a cell-specific epigenetic mechanism for regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Mellén
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Li P, Huang JJ, Ni JJ, Sun FY. WITHDRAWN: VEGF evokes reactive astroglia to convert into neuronal cells by affecting the biological function of MeCP2 in adult rat brain after cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2012:S0197-0186(12)00231-8. [PMID: 22819795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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