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Wang Y, Du Y, Huang H, Cao Y, Pan K, Zhou Y, He J, Yao W, Chen S, Gao X. Targeting aberrant glycosylation to modulate microglial response and improve cognition in models of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107133. [PMID: 38458367 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Altered glycosylation profiles have been correlated with potential drug targets in various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this area, the linkage between bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a product of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III), and AD has been recognized, however, our understanding of the cause and the causative role of this aberrant glycosylation in AD are far from completion. Moreover, the effects and mechanisms of glycosylation-targeting interventions on memory and cognition, and novel targeting strategies are worth further study. Here, we showed the characteristic amyloid pathology-induced and age-related changes of GnT-III, and identified transcription factor 7-like 2 as the key transcription factor responsible for the abnormal expression of GnT-III in AD. Upregulation of GnT-III aggravated cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer-like pathologies. In contrast, loss of GnT-III could improve cognition and alleviate pathologies. Furthermore, we found that an increase in bisecting GlcNAc modified ICAM-1 resulted in impairment of microglial responses, and genetic inactivation of GnT-III protected against AD mechanistically by blocking the aberrant glycosylation of ICAM-1 and subsequently modulating microglial responses, including microglial motility, phagocytosis ability, homeostatic/reactive state and neuroinflammation. Moreover, by target-based screening of GnT-III inhibitors from FDA-approved drug library, we identified two compounds, regorafenib and dihydroergocristine mesylate, showing pharmacological potential leading to modulation of aberrant glycosylation and microglial responses, and rescue of memory and cognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongfei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kemeng Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueqian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Song Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Abstract
This article presents an overview of imaging agents for PET that have been applied for research and diagnostic purposes in patients affected by dementia. Classified by the target which the agents visualize, seven groups of tracers can be distinguished, namely radiopharmaceuticals for: (1) Misfolded proteins (ß-amyloid, tau, α-synuclein), (2) Neuroinflammation (overexpression of translocator protein), (3) Elements of the cholinergic system, (4) Elements of monoamine neurotransmitter systems, (5) Synaptic density, (6) Cerebral energy metabolism (glucose transport/ hexokinase), and (7) Various other proteins. This last category contains proteins involved in mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation or cognitive impairment, which may also be potential therapeutic targets. Many receptors belong to this category: AMPA, cannabinoid, colony stimulating factor 1, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and 5 (mGluR1, mGluR5), opioid (kappa, mu), purinergic (P2X7, P2Y12), sigma-1, sigma-2, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, besides several enzymes: cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX-1, COX-2), phosphodiesterase-5 and 10 (PDE5, PDE10), and tropomyosin receptor kinase. Significant advances in neuroimaging have been made in the last 15 years. The use of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) for quantification of regional cerebral glucose metabolism is well-established. Three tracers for ß-amyloid plaques have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Several tracers for tau neurofibrillary tangles are already applied in clinical research. Since many novel agents are in the preclinical or experimental stage of development, further advances in nuclear medicine imaging can be expected in the near future. PET studies with established tracers and tracers for novel targets may result in early diagnosis and better classification of neurodegenerative disorders and in accurate monitoring of therapy trials which involve these targets. PET data have prognostic value and may be used to assess the response of the human brain to interventions, or to select the appropriate treatment strategy for an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren van Waarde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sofia Marcolini
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul de Deyn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Antwerp, Born-Bunge Institute, Neurochemistry and Behavior, Campus Drie Eiken, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, the Netherlands; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Drzezga A, Bischof GN, Giehl K, van Eimeren T. PET and SPECT Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Reynolds DS. A short perspective on the long road to effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3636-3648. [PMID: 30657599 PMCID: PMC6715596 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, there are approximately 47 million people living with dementia, and about two thirds of those have Alzheimer's disease (AD). Age is the single biggest risk factor for the vast majority of sporadic AD cases, and because the world's population is aging, the number of people living with AD is set to rise dramatically over the coming decades. There are currently no disease-modifying treatments for AD, and the few symptomatic agents available have limited impact on the disease. Perhaps surprisingly, there is relatively little activity in the AD research and development field compared with other diseases with a high mortality burden, such as cancer. There is enormous economic incentive to discover and develop the first disease-modifying treatment, but previous failure has significantly reduced further industrial investment in this field. The short review looks at the historical path trodden to develop treatments and reflects on the journey down the road to truly effective treatments for people living with AD. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Acquarone E, Argyrousi EK, van den Berg M, Gulisano W, Fà M, Staniszewski A, Calcagno E, Zuccarello E, D’Adamio L, Deng SX, Puzzo D, Arancio O, Fiorito J. Synaptic and memory dysfunction induced by tau oligomers is rescued by up-regulation of the nitric oxide cascade. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:26. [PMID: 31248451 PMCID: PMC6598340 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble aggregates of oligomeric forms of tau protein (oTau) have been associated with impairment of synaptic plasticity and memory in Alzheimer's disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the synaptic and memory dysfunction induced by elevation of oTau are still unknown. METHODS This work used a combination of biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Biochemical methods included analysis of phosphorylation of the cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein, a transcriptional factor involved in memory, histone acetylation, and expression immediate early genes c-Fos and Arc. Electrophysiological methods included assessment of long-term potentiation (LTP), a type of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie memory formation. Behavioral studies investigated both short-term spatial memory and associative memory. These phenomena were examined following oTau elevation. RESULTS Levels of phospho-CREB, histone 3 acetylation at lysine 27, and immediate early genes c-Fos and Arc, were found to be reduced after oTau elevation during memory formation. These findings led us to explore whether up-regulation of various components of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway impinging onto CREB is capable of rescuing oTau-induced impairment of plasticity, memory, and CREB phosphorylation. The increase of NO levels protected against oTau-induced impairment of LTP through activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Similarly, the elevation of cGMP levels and stimulation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKG) re-established normal LTP after exposure to oTau. Pharmacological inhibition of cGMP degradation through inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), rescued oTau-induced LTP reduction. These findings could be extrapolated to memory because PKG activation and PDE5 inhibition rescued oTau-induced memory impairment. Finally, PDE5 inhibition re-established normal elevation of CREB phosphorylation and cGMP levels after memory induction in the presence of oTau. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of CREB activation through agents acting on the NO cascade might be beneficial against tau-induced synaptic and memory dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Acquarone
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- DiMi Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elentina K. Argyrousi
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Manon van den Berg
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Mauro Fà
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Agnieszka Staniszewski
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Elisa Calcagno
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Zuccarello
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Luciano D’Adamio
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Jole Fiorito
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 12-420D, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard P.O. Box 8000, Theobald Science Center, room 425, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA
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Croft CL, Cruz PE, Ryu DH, Ceballos-Diaz C, Strang KH, Woody BM, Lin WL, Deture M, Rodríguez-Lebrón E, Dickson DW, Chakrabarty P, Levites Y, Giasson BI, Golde TE. rAAV-based brain slice culture models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease inclusion pathologies. J Exp Med 2019; 216:539-555. [PMID: 30770411 PMCID: PMC6400529 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been challenging to produce ex vivo models of the inclusion pathologies that are hallmark pathologies of many neurodegenerative diseases. Using three-dimensional mouse brain slice cultures (BSCs), we have developed a paradigm that rapidly and robustly recapitulates mature neurofibrillary inclusion and Lewy body formation found in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, respectively. This was achieved by transducing the BSCs with recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) that express α-synuclein or variants of tau. Notably, the tauopathy BSC model enables screening of small molecule therapeutics and tracking of neurodegeneration. More generally, the rAAV BSC "toolkit" enables efficient transduction and transgene expression from neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, alone or in combination, with transgene expression lasting for many months. These rAAV-based BSC models provide a cost-effective and facile alternative to in vivo studies, and in the future can become a widely adopted methodology to explore physiological and pathological mechanisms related to brain function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Croft
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Pedro E Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Daniel H Ryu
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Carolina Ceballos-Diaz
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kevin H Strang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Brittany M Woody
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Wen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Michael Deture
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Edgardo Rodríguez-Lebrón
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia refers to a particular onset and course of cognitive and functional decline associated with age together with a particular neuropathology. It was first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1906 about a patient whom he first encountered in 1901. Modern clinical diagnostic criteria have been developed, and criteria have also been proposed to recognize preclinical (or presymptomatic) stages of the disease with the use of biomarkers. The primary neuropathology was described by Alzheimer, and in the mid-1980s subsequently evolved into a more specific neuropathologic definition that recognizes the comorbid neuropathologies that frequently contribute to clinical dementia. Alzheimer's disease is now the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in the United States with a disproportionate disease burden in minority populations. Deficits in the ability to encode and store new memories characterizes the initial stages of the disease. Subsequent progressive changes in cognition and behavior accompany the later stages. Changes in amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage and production of the APP fragment beta-amyloid (Aβ) along with hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregation coalesce to cause reduction in synaptic strength, synaptic loss, and neurodegeneration. Metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory changes, as well as comorbid pathologies are key components of the disease process. Symptomatic treatment offers a modest, clinically measurable effect in cognition, but disease-modifying therapies are desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Soria Lopez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hector M González
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel C Léger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Differential diagnosis of atypical Parkinson syndromes (APS) is difficult as clinical presentations may vary and as there is a strong overlap between disease entities. Aggregations of misfolded and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the common denominator of many of these diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Several tau targeting positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have been evaluated as possible biomarkers in APS in the recent years. For Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration, promising results have been reported with regard to the ability to detect the presence of disease and to discriminate patients from controls. However, the discussion about the specificity of the first-generation radiotracers and their value in the clinical context is ongoing. A combined interpretation of signal strength and distribution pattern in PET scans with first- and second-generation tracers may be helpful in clinical diagnosis and follow-up of patients with APS.
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Croft CL, Moore BD, Ran Y, Chakrabarty P, Levites Y, Golde TE, Giasson BI. Novel monoclonal antibodies targeting the microtubule-binding domain of human tau. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195211. [PMID: 29608591 PMCID: PMC5880389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy are a diverse group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders pathologically defined by inclusions containing aberrantly aggregated, post-translationally modified tau. The tau pathology burden correlates with neurodegeneration and dementia observed in these diseases. The microtubule binding domain of tau is essential for its physiological functions in promoting neuronal cytoskeletal stability, however it is also required for tau to assemble into an amyloid structure that comprises pathological inclusions. A series of novel monoclonal antibodies were generated which recognize the second and fourth microtubule-binding repeat domain of tau, thus enabling the identification specifically of 4-repeat tau versus 3-/4-repeat tau, respectively. These antibodies are highly specific for tau and recognize pathological tau inclusions in human tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and in transgenic mouse models of tauopathies. These new antibodies will be useful for identifying and characterizing different tauopathies and as tools to target tau pathology in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L. Croft
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Brenda D. Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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10
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Young JJ, Lavakumar M, Tampi D, Balachandran S, Tampi RR. Frontotemporal dementia: latest evidence and clinical implications. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2018; 8:33-48. [PMID: 29344342 PMCID: PMC5761910 DOI: 10.1177/2045125317739818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) describes a cluster of neurocognitive syndromes that present with impairment of executive functioning, changes in behavior, and a decrease in language proficiency. FTD is the second most common form of dementia in those younger than 65 years and is expected to increase in prevalence as the population ages. This goal in our review is to describe advances in the understanding of neurobiological pathology, classification, assessment, and treatment of FTD syndromes. METHODS PubMed was searched to obtain reviews and studies that pertain to advancements in genetics, neurobiology, neuroimaging, classification, and treatment of FTD syndromes. Articles were chosen with a predilection to more recent preclinical/clinical trials and systematic reviews. RESULTS Recent reviews and trials indicate a significant advancement in the understanding of molecular and neurobiological clinical correlates to variants of FTD. Genetic and histopathologic markers have only recently been discovered in the past decade. Current therapeutic modalities are limited, with most studies reporting improvement in symptoms with nonpharmacological interventions. However, a small number of studies have reported improvement of behavioral symptoms with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. Stimulants may help with disinhibition, apathy, and risk-taking behavior. Memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors have not demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating FTD symptoms. Antipsychotics have been used to treat agitation and psychosis, but safety concerns and side effect profiles limit utilization in the general FTD population. Nevertheless, recent breakthroughs in the understanding of FTD pathology have led to developments in pharmacological interventions that focus on producing treatments with autoimmune, genetic, and molecular targets. CONCLUSION FTD is an underdiagnosed group of neurological syndromes comprising multiple variants with distinct neurobiological profiles and presentations. Recent advances suggest there is an array of potential novel therapeutic targets, although data concerning their effectiveness are still preliminary or preclinical. Further studies are required to develop pharmacological interventions, as there are currently no US Food and Drug administration approved treatments to manage FTD syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Joseph Young
- Department of Psychiatry, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mallika Lavakumar
- Department of Psychiatry, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deena Tampi
- Mercy Regional Medical Center, 3700 Kolbe Rd, Lorain, OH 44053, USA
| | - Silpa Balachandran
- Department of Psychiatry, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rajesh R Tampi
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
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Bischof GN, Endepols H, van Eimeren T, Drzezga A. Tau-imaging in neurodegeneration. Methods 2017; 130:114-123. [PMID: 28790016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cerebral aggregations of proteins are suggested to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. For example, aggregation of the protein ß-amyloid in form of extracellular amyloid-plaques as well as intraneuronal depositions of the protein tau in form of neurofibrillary tangles represent hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, novel tracers for in vivo molecular imaging of tau-aggregates in the brain have been introduced, complementing existing tracers for imaging amyloid-plaques. Available data on these novel tracers indicate that the subject of Tau-PET may be of considerable complexity. On the one hand this refers to the various forms of appearance of tau-pathology in different types of neurodegenerative disorders. On the other hand, a number of hurdles regarding validation of these tracers still need to be overcome with regard to comparability and standardization of the different tracers, observed off-target/non-specific binding and quantitative interpretation of the signal. These issues will have to be clarified before systematic clinical application of this exciting new methodological approach may become possible. Potential applications refer to early detection of neurodegeneration, differential diagnosis between tauopathies and non-tauopathies and specific patient selection and follow-up in therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heike Endepols
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany.
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van Eimeren T, Bischof GN, Drzezga A. Is Tau Imaging More Than Just Upside-Down 18F-FDG Imaging? J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1357-1359. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.190082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Medina M, Hernández F, Avila J. New Features about Tau Function and Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6020021. [PMID: 27104579 PMCID: PMC4919916 DOI: 10.3390/biom6020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a brain microtubule-associated protein that directly binds to a microtubule and dynamically regulates its structure and function. Under pathological conditions, tau self-assembles into filamentous structures that end up forming neurofibrillary tangles. Prominent tau neurofibrillary pathology is a common feature in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, collectively referred to as tauopathies, the most common of which is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Beyond its classical role as a microtubule-associated protein, recent advances in our understanding of tau cellular functions have revealed novel insights into their important role during pathogenesis and provided potential novel therapeutic targets. Regulation of tau behavior and function under physiological and pathological conditions is mainly achieved through post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, acetylation, and truncation, among others, indicating the complexity and variability of factors influencing regulation of tau toxicity, all of which have significant implications for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in various neurodegenerative disorders. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating tau function and dysfunction will provide us with a better outline of tau cellular networking and, hopefully, offer new clues for designing more efficient approaches to tackle tauopathies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Medina
- CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- CIEN Foundation, Valderrebollo 5, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Félix Hernández
- CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Avila
- CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Li YQ, Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan L. Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6091-6105. [PMID: 26537902 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is characterized by progressive deterioration of frontal and anterior temporal lobes of the brain and often exhibits frontotemporal dementia (FTD) on clinic, in <65-year-old patients at the time of diagnosis. Interdisciplinary approaches combining genetics, molecular and cell biology, and laboratory animal science have revealed some of its potential molecular mechanisms. Although there is still no effective treatment to delay, prevent, and reverse the progression of FTD, emergence of agents targeting molecular mechanisms has been beginning to promote potential pharmaceutical development. Our review summarizes the latest new findings of FTLD and challenges in FTLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Medina M, Avila J. The role of extracellular Tau in the spreading of neurofibrillary pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:113. [PMID: 24795568 PMCID: PMC4005959 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and several related disorders collectively known as tauopathies. Development of tau pathology is associated with progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline. In the brains of AD patients, tau pathology spreads following an anatomically defined pattern. Mounting evidence strongly suggests that accumulation of abnormal tau is mediated through spreading of seeds of the protein from cell to cell and point at the involvement of extracellular tau species as the main agent in the interneuronal propagation of neurofibrillary lesions and spreading of tau toxicity throughout different brain regions in these disorders. That would support the concept that pathology initiates in a very small part of the brain many years before becoming symptomatic, spreading progressively to the whole brain within 10–20 years. Understanding the precise molecular mechanism underlying tau propagation is crucial for the development of therapeutics for this devastating disorder. In this work, we will discuss recent research on the role of extracellular tau in the spreading of tau pathology, through synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Medina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid, Spain ; Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" CSIC-UAM Madrid, Spain
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