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Montanari R, Alegre-Cortés J, Alonso-Andrés A, Cabrera-Moreno J, Navarro I, García-Frigola C, Sáez M, Reig R. Callosal inputs generate side-invariant receptive fields in the barrel cortex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi3728. [PMID: 38019920 PMCID: PMC10686559 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Barrel cortex integrates contra- and ipsilateral whiskers' inputs. While contralateral inputs depend on the thalamocortical innervation, ipsilateral ones are thought to rely on callosal axons. These are more abundant in the barrel cortex region bordering with S2 and containing the row A-whiskers representation, the row lying nearest to the facial midline. Here, we ask what role this callosal axonal arrangement plays in ipsilateral tactile signaling. We found that novel object exploration with ipsilateral whiskers confines c-Fos expression within the highly callosal subregion. Targeting this area with in vivo patch-clamp recordings revealed neurons with uniquely strong ipsilateral responses dependent on the corpus callosum, as assessed by tetrodotoxin silencing and by optogenetic activation of the contralateral hemisphere. Still, in this area, stimulation of contra- or ipsilateral row A-whiskers evoked an indistinguishable response in some neurons, mostly located in layers 5/6, indicating their involvement in the midline representation of the whiskers' sensory space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jorge Cabrera-Moreno
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC (Alicante), Avenida Santiago Ramón y Cajal s.n., 03550, Spain
| | | | - Cristina García-Frigola
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC (Alicante), Avenida Santiago Ramón y Cajal s.n., 03550, Spain
| | - María Sáez
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC (Alicante), Avenida Santiago Ramón y Cajal s.n., 03550, Spain
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Meng L, Kong L, Kong L, Zhang Q, Shen J, Hao Y. Effects of visual deprivation on the injury of lower extremities among functional ankle instability patients during drop landing: A kinetics perspective. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1074554. [PMID: 36579024 PMCID: PMC9790914 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1074554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The ankle is prone to injury during drop landing with usual residual symptoms, and functional ankle instability (FAI) is the most common. Vision guarantees the postural stability of patients with FAI, and visual deprivation (VD) increases their risk of injury when completing various movements. This study explored injury risk during drop landing in patients with FAI under VD through the kinetics of lower extremities. Methods: A total of 12 males with FAI participated in the study (age, 23.0 ± 0.8 years; height, 1.68 ± 0.06 m; weight, and 62.2 ± 10.4 kg) completed single-leg drop landings under visual presence (VP) and VD conditions. Ground reaction force (GRF), time to peak GRF, joint torque, and vertical length variation (ΔL) were measured. Results: Significant effects were detected in the group for time to peak lateral GRF (p = 0.004), hip extensor torque (p = 0.022), ankle plantarflexion torque (p < 0.001), ankle varus torque (p = 0.021), lower extremity stiffness (p = 0.035), and ankle stiffness (p < 0.001). Significant effects of conditions were detected for vertical GRF, time to peak vertical and lateral GRF, loading rate, hip extensor torque, knee extensor torque, hip varus torque, knee varus torque, lower extremity stiffness, and ankle stiffness (p < 0.05). ΔL was affected by VD with a significant difference (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with FAI, an unstable extremity has a higher injury risk than a stable extremity, and VD increases such risk. However, because the influence of the central nervous system on hip strategy is also affected, the effect on the unstable extremity is more significant and more likely to result in injury. Deepening the squat range may be an effective preventive measure for reducing injury risk of unstable extremities during drop landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Meng
- Physical Education and Sports School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lintao Kong
- Experimental Primary School, High Tech Zone Science and Technology City, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Physical Education and Sports School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Physical Education and Sports School, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qiuxia Zhang, ; Jianzhong Shen, ; Yuefeng Hao,
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Rehabilitation Center, Shanghai Yongci Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Qiuxia Zhang, ; Jianzhong Shen, ; Yuefeng Hao,
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qiuxia Zhang, ; Jianzhong Shen, ; Yuefeng Hao,
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Liu Y, Foustoukos G, Crochet S, Petersen CC. Axonal and Dendritic Morphology of Excitatory Neurons in Layer 2/3 Mouse Barrel Cortex Imaged Through Whole-Brain Two-Photon Tomography and Registered to a Digital Brain Atlas. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:791015. [PMID: 35145380 PMCID: PMC8821665 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.791015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cortical areas contributes importantly to sensory perception and cognition. On the millisecond time scale, information is signaled from one brain area to another by action potentials propagating across long-range axonal arborizations. Here, we develop and test methodology for imaging and annotating the brain-wide axonal arborizations of individual excitatory layer 2/3 neurons in mouse barrel cortex through single-cell electroporation and two-photon serial section tomography followed by registration to a digital brain atlas. Each neuron had an extensive local axon within the barrel cortex. In addition, individual neurons innervated subsets of secondary somatosensory cortex; primary somatosensory cortex for upper limb, trunk, and lower limb; primary and secondary motor cortex; visual and auditory cortical regions; dorsolateral striatum; and various fiber bundles. In the future, it will be important to assess if the diversity of axonal projections across individual layer 2/3 mouse barrel cortex neurons is accompanied by functional differences in their activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carl C.H. Petersen
- Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Rodgers CC, Nogueira R, Pil BC, Greeman EA, Park JM, Hong YK, Fusi S, Bruno RM. Sensorimotor strategies and neuronal representations for shape discrimination. Neuron 2021; 109:2308-2325.e10. [PMID: 34133944 PMCID: PMC8298290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Humans and other animals can identify objects by active touch, requiring the coordination of exploratory motion and tactile sensation. Both the motor strategies and neural representations employed could depend on the subject's goals. We developed a shape discrimination task that challenged head-fixed mice to discriminate concave from convex shapes. Behavioral decoding revealed that mice did this by comparing contacts across whiskers. In contrast, a separate group of mice performing a shape detection task simply summed up contacts over whiskers. We recorded populations of neurons in the barrel cortex, which processes whisker input, and found that individual neurons across the cortical layers encoded touch, whisker motion, and task-related signals. Sensory representations were task-specific: during shape discrimination, but not detection, neurons responded most to behaviorally relevant whiskers, overriding somatotopy. Thus, sensory cortex employs task-specific representations compatible with behaviorally relevant computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C Rodgers
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Ramon Nogueira
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - B Christina Pil
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Esther A Greeman
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jung M Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Y Kate Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Stefano Fusi
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Randy M Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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