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Fasciani I, Petragnano F, Bono F, Aloisi G, Mutti V, Pardini C, Carli M, Scarselli M, Vaglini F, Angelucci A, Fiorentini C, Lozzi L, Missale C, Maggio R, Rossi M. In-vitro Approaches to Investigate the Detrimental Effect of Light on Dopaminergic Neurons. Neuroscience 2024; 544:104-116. [PMID: 38244669 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Our recent study revealed that fluorescent lamp light can penetrate deep into the brain of mice and rats leading to the development of typical histological characteristics associated with Parkinson's disease such as the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Monochromatic LED lights were thus used in this work to deepen our knowledge on the effects of the major wavelength peaks of fluorescent light on mouse and human dopaminergic cells. In particular, we exposed immortalized dopaminergic MN9D neuronal cells, primary cultures of mouse mesencephalic dopaminergic cells and human dopaminergic neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) to different LED light wavelengths. We found that chronic exposure to LED light reduced overall undifferentiated MN9D cell number, with the most significant effects observed at wavelengths of 485 nm and 610 nm. Moreover, LED light especially at 610 nm was able to negatively impact on the survival of mouse mesencephalic dopaminergic cells and of human dopaminergic neurons derived from hiPSC. Notably, differentiated MN9D dopaminergic cells, which closely resemble mature dopamine neuronal phenotype, acutely exposed for 3 h at 610 nm, showed a clear increase in ROS production and cytotoxicity compared to controls undifferentiated MN9D cells. These increases were even more pronounced by the co-treatment with the oxidative agent H2O2. Collectively, these findings suggest that specific wavelengths, particularly those capable of penetrating deep into the brain, could potentially pose an environmental hazard in relation to Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fasciani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Petragnano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Federica Bono
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aloisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Veronica Mutti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carla Pardini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Vaglini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Lozzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Science, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cristina Missale
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Enhancement of Neuroglial Extracellular Matrix Formation and Physiological Activity of Dopaminergic Neural Cocultures by Macromolecular Crowding. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142131. [PMID: 35883574 PMCID: PMC9317039 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroglial extracellular matrix (ECM) provides critical support and physiological cues for the proper growth, differentiation, and function of neuronal cells in the brain. However, in most in vitro settings that study neural physiology, cells are grown as monolayers on stiff surfaces that maximize adhesion and proliferation, and, therefore, they lack the physiological cues that ECM in native neuronal tissues provides. Macromolecular crowding (MMC) is a biophysical phenomenon based on the principle of excluded volume that can be harnessed to induce native ECM deposition by cells in culture. Here, we show that MMC using two species of Ficoll with vitamin C supplementation significantly boosts deposition of relevant brain ECM by cultured human astrocytes. Dopaminergic neurons cocultured on this astrocyte–ECM bed prepared under MMC treatment showed longer and denser neuronal extensions, a higher number of pre ad post synaptic contacts, and increased physiological activity, as evidenced by higher frequency calcium oscillation, compared to standard coculture conditions. When the pharmacological activity of various compounds was tested on MMC-treated cocultures, their responses were enhanced, and for apomorphine, a D2-receptor agonist, it was inverted in comparison to control cell culture conditions, thus emulating responses observed in in vivo settings. These results indicate that macromolecular crowding can harness the ECM-building potential of human astrocytes in vitro forming an ultra-flat 3D microenvironment that makes neural cultures more physiological and pharmacological relevant.
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Mattii L, Pardini C, Ippolito C, Bianchi F, Sabbatini ARM, Vaglini F. Rho-inhibition and neuroprotective effect on rotenone-treated dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Neurotoxicology 2019; 72:51-60. [PMID: 30769001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mesencephalic cell cultures are a good model to study the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and reproduce, in vitro, experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Rotenone associated as an environmental neurotoxin related to PD, is able to provoke dopaminergic neuron degeneration by inhibiting complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and by inducing accumulation of α-synuclein. Recently, rotenone has been described to activate RhoA, a GTPase protein. In the present study we evaluated a possible neuroprotective effect of Rho-inhibitor molecules on rotenone-damaged dopaminergic (DA) neurons obtained from mouse primary mesencephalic cell culture. Our results showed that Clostridium Botulinum C3 toxin (C3) and simvastatin, as RhoA inhibitors, were able to protect DA neurons from rotenone damages. In fact, pretreatment with C3 or simvastatin significantly prevented the reduction of [3H]dopamine uptake, neurites injury and the expression patterns of proteins like α-syn, actin and connexin 43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mattii
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology, via Roma 55, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Pardini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, via Roma 55, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology, via Roma 55, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bianchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology, via Roma 55, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Vaglini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, via Roma 55, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Calabrese V, Santoro A, Trovato Salinaro A, Modafferi S, Scuto M, Albouchi F, Monti D, Giordano J, Zappia M, Franceschi C, Calabrese EJ. Hormetic approaches to the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Perspectives and possibilities. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1641-1662. [PMID: 30098077 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in the brain reflect a dynamic interaction of genetic, epigenetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors that can be temporally restricted or more longitudinally present throughout the lifespan. Fundamental to these mechanisms is the capacity for physiological adaptation through modulation of diverse molecular and biochemical signaling occurring from the intracellular to the network-systemic level throughout the brain. A number of agents that affect the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD)-like effects in experimental models exhibit temporal features, and mechanisms of hormetic dose responses. These findings have particular significance since the hormetic dose response describes the amplitude and range of potential therapeutic effects, thereby affecting the design and conduct of studies of interventions against PD (and other neurodegenerative diseases), and may also be important to a broader consideration of hormetic processes in resilient adaptive responses that might afford protection against the onset and/or progression of PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania.,IBREGENS, Nutraceuticals and Functional Food Biotechnologies Research Associated, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Ferdaous Albouchi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry, and Neuroethics Studies Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | | | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Pharmacological Insights into the Use of Apomorphine in Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Relevance. Clin Drug Investig 2018; 38:287-312. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-018-0619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Romeo S, Vitale F, Viaggi C, di Marco S, Aloisi G, Fasciani I, Pardini C, Pietrantoni I, Di Paolo M, Riccitelli S, Maccarone R, Mattei C, Capannolo M, Rossi M, Capozzo A, Corsini GU, Scarnati E, Lozzi L, Vaglini F, Maggio R. Fluorescent light induces neurodegeneration in the rodent nigrostriatal system but near infrared LED light does not. Brain Res 2017; 1662:87-101. [PMID: 28263713 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of continuous artificial light exposure on the mouse substantia nigra (SN). A three month exposure of C57Bl/6J mice to white fluorescent light induced a 30% reduction in dopamine (DA) neurons in SN compared to controls, accompanied by a decrease of DA and its metabolites in the striatum. After six months of exposure, neurodegeneration progressed slightly, but the level of DA returned to the basal level, while the metabolites increased with respect to the control. Three month exposure to near infrared LED light (∼710nm) did not alter DA neurons in SN, nor did it decrease DA and its metabolites in the striatum. Furthermore mesencephalic cell viability, as tested by [3H]DA uptake, did not change. Finally, we observed that 710nm LED light, locally conveyed in the rat SN, could modulate the firing activity of extracellular-recorded DA neurons. These data suggest that light can be detrimental or beneficial to DA neurons in SN, depending on the source and wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Romeo
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Flora Vitale
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cristina Viaggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano di Marco
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aloisi
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Irene Fasciani
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carla Pardini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pietrantoni
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Paolo
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Serena Riccitelli
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Mattei
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marta Capannolo
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Rossi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MA 20892, United States
| | - Annamaria Capozzo
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni U Corsini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scarnati
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Lozzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Vaglini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Effect of itraconazole on mouse mesencephalic neurons. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 44:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Nesti C, Pardini C, Barachini S, D'Alessandro D, Siciliano G, Murri L, Petrini M, Vaglini F. Human dental pulp stem cells protect mouse dopaminergic neurons against MPP+ or rotenone. Brain Res 2010; 1367:94-102. [PMID: 20854799 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive death of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons that results in a regional loss of striatal dopamine (DA) levels. Dental pulp contains ex vivo-expandable cells called dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), with the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. More interestingly, due to their embryonic origin, DPSCs express neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of DPSCs against MPP+ (2.5, 5, and 10 μM) and rotenone (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μM) in an in vitro model of PD, using an indirect co-culture system with mesencephalic cell cultures. When mesencephalic cultures were challenged with MPP+ or rotenone, in the presence of DPSCs a statistically significant protective effect was observed at all the tested doses in terms of DA uptake. DPSCs protective effect on DA neurons was also confirmed by immunocytochemistry: an increased number of spared tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ cells was observed in co-culture conditions compared to controls, and neurons showed longer processes in comparison with mesencephalic cells grown without DPSCs. In conclusion, the co-culture with DPSCs significantly attenuated MPP+ or rotenone-induced toxicity in primary cultures of mesencephalic neurons. Considering that the direct contact between the two cell types was prevented, it can be speculated that neuroprotection could be due to soluble factors such as BDNF and NGF, released by DPSCs. Blocking BDNF and NGF with neutralizing antibodies, the neuroprotecting effect of DPSCs was completely abolished. Therefore DPSCs can be viewed as possible candidates for studies on cell-based therapy in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nesti
- RRMR/CUCCS (Rete Regionale di Medicina Rigenerativa/Center for the Clinical Use of Stem Cells), Italy; Stella Maris Scientific Institute, Pisa, Italy
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Afeseh Ngwa H, Kanthasamy A, Anantharam V, Song C, Witte T, Houk R, Kanthasamy AG. Vanadium induces dopaminergic neurotoxicity via protein kinase Cdelta dependent oxidative signaling mechanisms: relevance to etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 240:273-85. [PMID: 19646462 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to neurotoxic metals through various sources including exposure to welding fumes has been linked to an increased incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD). Welding fumes contain many different metals including vanadium typically present as particulates containing vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). However, possible neurotoxic effects of this metal oxide on dopaminergic neuronal cells are not well studied. In the present study, we characterized vanadium-induced oxidative stress-dependent cellular events in cell culture models of PD. V2O5 was neurotoxic to dopaminergic neuronal cells including primary nigral dopaminergic neurons and the EC50 was determined to be 37 microM in N27 dopaminergic neuronal cell model. The neurotoxic effect was accompanied by a time-dependent uptake of vanadium and upregulation of metal transporter proteins Tf and DMT1 in N27 cells. Additionally, vanadium resulted in a threefold increase in reactive oxygen species generation, followed by release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytoplasm and subsequent activation of caspase-9 (>fourfold) and caspase-3 (>ninefold). Interestingly, vanadium exposure induced proteolytic cleavage of native protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta, 72-74 kDa) to yield a 41 kDa catalytically active fragment resulting in a persistent increase in PKCdelta kinase activity. Co-treatment with pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK significantly blocked vanadium-induced PKCdelta proteolytic activation, indicating that caspases mediate PKCdelta cleavage. Also, co-treatment with Z-VAD-FMK almost completely inhibited V2O5-induced DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, PKCdelta knockdown using siRNA protected N27 cells from V2O5-induced apoptotic cell death. Collectively, these results demonstrate that vanadium can exert neurotoxic effects in dopaminergic neuronal cells via caspase-3-dependent PKCdelta cleavage, suggesting that metal exposure may promote nigral dopaminergic degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Afeseh Ngwa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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