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Fan J, Li D, Chen HS, Huang JG, Xu JF, Zhu WW, Chen JG, Wang F. Metformin produces anxiolytic-like effects in rats by facilitating GABA A receptor trafficking to membrane. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:297-316. [PMID: 30318707 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Altered function or expression of GABAA receptors contributes to anxiety disorders. Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed for the treatment of anxiety. However, the long-term use of benzodiazepines increases the risk of developing drug dependence and tolerance. Thus, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic approaches. Metformin is widely used to treat Type 2 diabetes and other metabolic syndromes. However, the role of metformin in psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety, remains largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effects of metformin on anxiety-like behaviour of rats in open field test and elevated plus maze test. We also observed the effect of metformin (10 μM, in vitro; 100 mg·kg-1 , in vivo) on the trafficking of GABAA receptors, as mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic effects of metformin. KEY RESULTS Metformin (100 mg·kg-1 , i.p. 30 min) displayed a robust and rapid anxiolytic effect, without tolerance. Metformin up-regulated the surface expression of GABAA receptors and increased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activated by metformin-induced stimulation of forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) transcriptional activity, followed by increased expression of GABAA receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) and its binding to GABAA receptors finally resulted in the membrane insertion of GABAA receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Metformin increased mIPSCs by up-regulating the membrane insertion of GABAA receptors, via a pathway involving AMPK, FoxO3a, and the GABAA receptor-associated protein. Thus metformin has a potential new use in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Geng Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST), Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Collaborative-Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST), Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Collaborative-Innovation Center for Brain Science, Wuhan, China
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Hou ML, Lin CH, Lin LC, Tsai TH. The Drug-Drug Effects of Rhein on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clozapine in Rat Brain Extracellular Fluid by In Vivo Microdialysis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.225763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Abraham R, Nirogi R, Shinde A, Irupannanavar S. Low-dose prazosin in combination with 5-HT6 antagonist PRX-07034 has antipsychotic effects. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:13-21. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An extensive amount of research has focused on the development of new pharmacological agents to treat schizophrenia. Varying from person to person, schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disease with symptoms of positive, negative, and cognitive deficits. PRX-07034, a 5-hydroxytryptamine6 (5-HT6) receptor antagonist has been evaluated for its potential in treating obesity and cognitive deficits. This study evaluated PRX-07034 (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg body mass, by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection), in combination with a low dose of prazosin (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), for its antipsychotic potential. The research utilized a stereotypy assay, an open field test, an object recognition task, and prepulse inhibition. Dizocilpine, a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, was also administered in the above-mentioned assays as a psychomimetic. The combination of PRX-07034 and prazosin alleviated stereotypy and hyperlocomotor activity while enhancing memory in an object recognition task, and reversed sensory-gating deficits induced by dizocilpine. Examination of the medial prefrontal cortex revealed that a combination of PRX-07034 and prazosin reduced the dizocilpine-mediated increase of 5-HT. These results suggest that the combination of a 5-HT6 antagonist with low doses of prazosin could have therapeutic potential in the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Abraham
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences, Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road No. 5, Avenue 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 055, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, India
| | - Ramakrishna Nirogi
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences, Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road No. 5, Avenue 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 055, India
| | - Anil Shinde
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences, Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road No. 5, Avenue 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 055, India
| | - Shantaveer Irupannanavar
- Discovery Research, Suven Life Sciences, Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road No. 5, Avenue 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 055, India
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Adams WK, Halberstadt AL, van den Buuse M. Hippocampal serotonin depletion unmasks differences in the hyperlocomotor effects of phencyclidine and MK-801: quantitative versus qualitative analyses. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:109. [PMID: 24009584 PMCID: PMC3756227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by phencyclidine (PCP) is thought to underlie its ability to induce a schizophrenia-like syndrome in humans, yet evidence indicates it has a broader pharmacological profile. Our previous lesion studies highlighted a role for serotonergic projections from the median, but not dorsal, raphe nucleus in mediating the hyperlocomotor effects of PCP, without changing the action of the more selective NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801. Here we compared locomotor responses to PCP and MK-801 in rats that were administered 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) into either the dorsal or ventral hippocampus, which are preferentially innervated by median and dorsal raphe, respectively. Dorsal hippocampus lesions potentiated PCP-induced hyperlocomotion (0.5, 2.5 mg/kg), but not the effect of MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg). Ventral hippocampus lesions did not alter the hyperlocomotion elicited by either compound. Given that PCP and MK-801 may induce different spatiotemporal patterns of locomotor behavior, together with the known role of the dorsal hippocampus in spatial processing, we also assessed whether the 5,7-DHT-lesions caused any qualitative differences in locomotor responses. Treatment with PCP or MK-801 increased the smoothness of the path traveled (reduced spatial d) and decreased the predictability of locomotor patterns within the chambers (increased entropy). 5,7-DHT-lesions of the dorsal hippocampus did not alter the effects of PCP on spatial d or entropy – despite potentiating total distance moved – but caused a slight reduction in levels of MK-801-induced entropy. Taken together, serotonergic lesions targeting the dorsal hippocampus unmask a functional differentiation of the hyperlocomotor effects of PCP and MK-801. These findings have implications for studies utilizing NMDA receptor antagonists in modeling glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Adams
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Darbra S, Mòdol L, Llidó A, Casas C, Vallée M, Pallarès M. Neonatal allopregnanolone levels alteration: effects on behavior and role of the hippocampus. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 113:95-105. [PMID: 23958467 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several works have pointed out the importance of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone for the maturation of the central nervous system and for adult behavior. The alteration of neonatal allopregnanolone levels in the first weeks of life alters emotional adult behavior and sensory gating processes. Without ruling out brain structures, some of these behavioral alterations seem to be related to a different functioning of the hippocampus in adult age. We focus here on the different behavioral studies that have revealed the importance of neonatal allopregnanolone levels for the adult response to novel environmental stimuli, anxiety-related behaviors and processing of sensory inputs (prepulse inhibition). An increase in neonatal physiological allopregnanolone levels decreases anxiety and increases novelty responses in adult age, thus affecting the individual response to environmental cues. These effects are also accompanied by a decrease in prepulse inhibition, indicating alterations in sensory gating that have been related to that present in disorders, such as schizophrenia. Moreover, behavioral studies have shown that some of these effects are related to a different functioning of the dorsal hippocampus, as the behavioral effects (decrease in anxiety and locomotion or increase in prepulse inhibition) of intrahippocampal allopregnanolone infusions in adult age are not present in those subjects in whom neonatal allopregnanolone levels were altered. Recent data indicated that this hippocampal involvement may be related to alterations in the expression of gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptors containing α4 and δ subunits, molecular alterations that can persist into adult age and that can, in part, explain the reported behavioral disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Darbra
- Group of Neurosteroids and Behavior, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Mòdol
- Group of Neurosteroids and Behavior, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Llidó
- Group of Neurosteroids and Behavior, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Casas
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, de Fisiologia i de Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - M Vallée
- Inserm U862, Univ Bordeaux: Physiopathologie de la plasticité neuronale, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Pallarès
- Group of Neurosteroids and Behavior, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gray EN, Shuman MD, McGrane IR. The role of prepulse inhibition in medication management of PTSD: A case report. Ment Health Clin 2013. [DOI: 10.9740/mhc.n131057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as an anxiety disorder that can appear after exposure to a traumatic experience. This article will review a patient's history of PTSD, and course of treatment. A discussion on the available agents to properly treat this case will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N. Gray
- PGY2 Psychiatric Pharmacy Resident, Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center
| | | | - Ian R. McGrane
- PGY2 Psychiatric Pharmacy Resident, Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center
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Differential environmental regulation of neurogenesis along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:374-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Panther P, Nullmeier S, Dobrowolny H, Schwegler H, Wolf R. CPB-K mice a mouse model of schizophrenia? Differences in dopaminergic, serotonergic and behavioral markers compared to BALB/cJ mice. Behav Brain Res 2012; 230:215-28. [PMID: 22454846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in social behavior, sensorimotor gating and cognitive function, that are discussed to be caused by a termination of different transmitter systems. Beside morphological alterations in cortical and subcortical areas reduced AMPA- NMDA-, 5-HT2-receptor densities and increased 5-HT1-receptor densities are found in the hippocampus.The two inbred mouse strains CPB-K and BALB/cJ are known to display considerable differences in cognitive function and prepulse inhibition, a stable marker of sensorimotor gating. Furthermore, CPB-K mice exhibit lower NMDA-, AMPA- and increased 5-HT-receptor densities in the hippocampus as compared to BALB/cJ mice. We investigated both mouse strains in social interaction test for differences in social behavior and with immuncytochemical approaches for alterations of dopaminergic and serotonergic parameters. Our results can be summarized as follows: compared to BALB/cJ, CPB-K mice showed:(1) significantly reduced traveling distance and number of contacts in social interaction test, (2) differences in the number of serotonin transporter-immunoreactive neurons and volume of raphe nuclei and a lower serotonergic fiber density in the ventral and dorsal hippocampal subfields CA1 and CA3, (3) no alterations of dopaminergic markers like neuron number, neuron density and volume in subregions of substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, but a significantly higher dopaminergic fiber density in the dorsal hippocampus, the ventral hippocampus of CA1 and gyrus dentatus, (4) no significant differences in serotonergic and dopaminergic fiber densities in the amygdala.Based on our results and previous studies, CPB-K mice compared to BALB/cJ may serve as an important model to understand the interaction of the serotonergic and dopaminergic system and their impact on sensorimotor gating and cognitive function as related to neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panther
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Magdeburg, Haus 43, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Acheson DT, Stein MB, Paulus MP, Geyer MA, Risbrough VB. The effect of pregabalin on sensorimotor gating in 'low' gating humans and mice. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:480-5. [PMID: 22575075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pregabalin, an anticonvulsant and anxiolytic compound that binds to α2-δ auxiliary subunit Types 1 and 2 of voltage-gated calcium channels, has been shown to reduce excitatory neurotransmission partially through modulation of glutamatergic signaling. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating impacted by disruption of the glutamatergic system and is reduced in schizophrenia patients. Dysregulation of the glutamatergic system has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here we tested the hypothesis that pregabalin may ameliorate PPI in a model of deficient gating in humans and mice. In study 1, 14 healthy human subjects participated in a within subjects, cross-over study with placebo, 50 mg or 200 mg pregabalin treatment prior to undergoing a PPI task. In study 2, 24 C57BL/6 mice underwent a similar procedure with vehicle, 30 and 100 mg/kg dose treatments. In both studies, subjects were assigned to a "Low" or "High" gating group using a median split procedure based on their PPI performance during placebo/vehicle. Drug effects were then examined across these groups. In humans, pregabalin treatment significantly increased PPI performance in the "low gating" group. In mice, pregabalin treatment significantly increased PPI in the low gating group but reduced PPI in the high gating group. Across species, pregabalin treatment improves PPI in subjects with low gating. These data support further exploration of pregabalin as a potential treatment for disorders characterized by sensorimotor gating deficits and glutamatergic hypersignaling, such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean T Acheson
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center-MIRECC, Veterans Affairs VISN22, USA
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