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Kujawa D, Laczmanski L, Budrewicz S, Pokryszko-Dragan A, Podbielska M. Targeting gut microbiota: new therapeutic opportunities in multiple sclerosis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2274126. [PMID: 37979154 PMCID: PMC10730225 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2274126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes long-lasting, multifocal damage to the central nervous system. The complex background of MS is associated with autoimmune inflammation and neurodegeneration processes, and is potentially affected by many contributing factors, including altered composition and function of the gut microbiota. In this review, current experimental and clinical evidence is presented for the characteristics of gut dysbiosis found in MS, as well as for its relevant links with the course of the disease and the dysregulated immune response and metabolic pathways involved in MS pathology. Furthermore, therapeutic implications of these investigations are discussed, with a range of pharmacological, dietary and other interventions targeted at the gut microbiome and thus intended to have beneficial effects on the course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Laczmanski
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Maria Podbielska
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zhou F, Liu R, Han P, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang S, Liu C, Xia Y, Tang Z. Pertussis Toxin Ameliorates Microglial Activation Associated With Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:152. [PMID: 32676009 PMCID: PMC7333375 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect and the underlying mechanism of Pertussis toxin (PTX) on microglia in the setting of cerebral ischemia. Methods: We tested the effect of PTX 400 ng/days on middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model by evaluating the neurologic function, infarct size, microglial distribution, and activation. In parallel, we also tested the effect of PTX on primary cultured microglia by evaluating microglial proliferation, activation, cytokine release, and CX3CR1 expression. Results: PTX reduced the poststroke infarct size, improved the neurologic function as evaluated by Longa score, and reduced microglial aggregation and activation in the infarcted area. Further, PTX significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial proliferation, the release of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and the expression of CX3CR1. Interpretation: PTX treatment in stroke reduced microglial accumulation and activation in the infarct zone, resulting in a better functional outcome. The benefits of PTX treatment may be attributed to the reduced production of proinflammatory cytokine such as IL-1β and TNF-α and reduced expression of chemokine CX3CR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Pengcheng Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xingkui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Hachim MY, Elemam NM, Maghazachi AA. The Beneficial and Debilitating Effects of Environmental and Microbial Toxins, Drugs, Organic Solvents and Heavy Metals on the Onset and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E147. [PMID: 30841532 PMCID: PMC6468554 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system is common amongst young adults, leading to major personal and socioeconomic burdens. However, it is still considered complex and challenging to understand and treat, in spite of the efforts made to explain its etiopathology. Despite the discovery of many genetic and environmental factors that might be related to its etiology, no clear answer was found about the causes of the illness and neither about the detailed mechanism of these environmental triggers that make individuals susceptible to MS. In this review, we will attempt to explore the major contributors to MS autoimmunity including genetic, epigenetic and ecological factors with a particular focus on toxins, chemicals or drugs that may trigger, modify or prevent MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Y Hachim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Noha M Elemam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Lu L, Zhang X, Tong H, Zhang W, Xu P, Qu S. Central Administration of 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol Protects Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice by Inhibiting Microglia Activation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:789. [PMID: 29163172 PMCID: PMC5675872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a vital upstream integrator of multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, mediates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Investigations targeting TAK1 provide new therapeutic options for chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. However, the role and mechanism of the TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol in treating autoimmune demyelinating diseases remain unclear. This work aimed to identify whether 5Z-7-oxozeaenol exerts neuroprotective effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Here, we demonstrate that 5Z-7-oxozeaenol efficiently alleviates the symptoms of EAE by decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in splenocytes and central nervous system, diminishing the number of activated microglia and inhibiting the p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK signaling pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that administration during the symptomatic time window is required for 5Z-7-oxozeaenol efficacy. These results suggest that TAK1 inhibition may provide a potent approach toward treating autoimmune demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Teaching Center of Experimental Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huichun Tong
- Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Bacterial toxin's DNA vaccine serves as a strategy for the treatment of cancer, infectious and autoimmune diseases. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:184-194. [PMID: 27671283 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccination -a third generation vaccine-is a modern approach to stimulate humoral and cellular responses against different diseases such as infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity. These vaccines are composed of a gene that encodes sequences of a desired protein under control of a proper (eukaryotic or viral) promoter. Immune response following DNA vaccination is influenced by the route and the dose of injection. In addition, antigen presentation following DNA administration has three different mechanisms including antigen presentation by transfected myocytes, transfection of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) and cross priming. Recently, it has been shown that bacterial toxins and their components can stimulate and enhance immune responses in experimental models. A study demonstrated that DNA fusion vaccine encoding the first domain (DOM) of the Fragment C (FrC) of tetanus neurotoxin (CTN) coupled with tumor antigen sequences is highly immunogenic against colon carcinoma. DNA toxin vaccines against infectious and autoimmune diseases are less studied until now. All in all, this novel approach has shown encouraging results in animal models, but it has to go through adequate clinical trials to ensure its effectiveness in human. However, it has been proven that these vaccines are safe, multifaceted and simple and can be used widely in organisms which may be of advantage to public health in the near future. This paper outlines the mechanism of the action of DNA vaccines and their possible application for targeting infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity.
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Systemic ocular antigen immunization leads only to a minor secondary immune response. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 293:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tang Z, Li S, Han P, Yin J, Gan Y, Liu Q, Wang J, Wang C, Li Y, Shi J. Pertussis toxin reduces calcium influx to protect ischemic stroke in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model. J Neurochem 2015; 135:998-1006. [PMID: 26365274 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Tang
- Department of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix Arizona USA
- Department of Neurosurgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix Arizona USA
- Department of Neurology; No.2 Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang China
| | - Pengcheng Han
- Department of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Junxiang Yin
- Department of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Yan Gan
- Department of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Qingwei Liu
- Department of Radiology; Barrow Neurological Institute; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix Arizona USA
| | - Jinkun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Chongqian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery; the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University; Kunming China
| | - Jiong Shi
- Department of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute; St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix Arizona USA
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