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Yáñez-Gómez F, Gálvez-Melero L, Ledesma-Corvi S, Bis-Humbert C, Hernández-Hernández E, Salort G, García-Cabrerizo R, García-Fuster MJ. Evaluating the daily modulation of FADD and related molecular markers in different brain regions in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25296. [PMID: 38361411 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Fas-Associated protein with Death Domain (FADD), a key molecule controlling cell fate by balancing apoptotic versus non-apoptotic functions, is dysregulated in post-mortem brains of subjects with psychopathologies, in animal models capturing certain aspects of these disorders, and by several pharmacological agents. Since persistent disruptions in normal functioning of daily rhythms are linked with these conditions, oscillations over time of key biomarkers, such as FADD, could play a crucial role in balancing the clinical outcome. Therefore, we characterized the 24-h regulation of FADD (and linked molecular partners: p-ERK/t-ERK ratio, Cdk-5, p35/p25, cell proliferation) in key brain regions for FADD regulation (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus). Samples were collected during Zeitgeber time (ZT) 2, ZT5, ZT8, ZT11, ZT14, ZT17, ZT20, and ZT23 (ZT0, lights-on or inactive period; ZT12, lights-off or active period). FADD showed similar daily fluctuations in all regions analyzed, with higher values during lights off, and opposite to p-ERK/t-ERK ratios regulation. Both Cdk-5 and p35 remained stable and did not change across ZT. However, p25 increased during lights off, but exclusively in striatum. Finally, no 24-h modulation was observed for hippocampal cell proliferation, although higher values were present during lights off. These results demonstrated a clear daily modulation of FADD in several key brain regions, with a more prominent regulation during the active time of rats, and suggested a key role for FADD, and molecular partners, in the normal physiological functioning of the brain's daily rhythmicity, which if disrupted might participate in the development of certain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Yáñez-Gómez
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Gálvez-Melero
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Sandra Ledesma-Corvi
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Cristian Bis-Humbert
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Elena Hernández-Hernández
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Glòria Salort
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Rubén García-Cabrerizo
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - M Julia García-Fuster
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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Ramos-Miguel A, Sánchez-Blázquez P, García-Sevilla JA. Effects of Gαi 2 and Gαz protein knockdown on alpha 2A-adrenergic and cannabinoid CB 1 receptor regulation of MEK-ERK and FADD pathways in mouse cerebral cortex. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1122-1135. [PMID: 33641090 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha2A-adrenergic (α2A-AR) and cannabinoid CB1 (CB1-R) receptors exert their functions modulating multiple signaling pathways, including MEK-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) and FADD (Fas-associated protein with death domain) cascades. These molecules are relevant in finding biased agonists with fewer side effects, but the mechanisms involving their modulations by α2A-AR- and CB1-R in vivo are unclear. This study investigated the roles of Gαi2 and Gαz proteins in mediating α2A-AR- and CB1-R-induced alterations of MEK-ERK and FADD phosphorylation (p-) in mouse brain cortex. METHODS Gαi2 or Gαz protein knockdown was induced in mice with selective antisense oligodeoxinucleotides (ODNs; 3 nmol/day, 5 days) prior to UK-14,304 (UK or brimonidine; 1 mg/kg) or WIN55212-2 (WIN; 8 mg/kg) acute treatments. Inactivated (p-T286) MEK1, activated (p-S217/221) MEK1/2, activated (p-T202/Y204) ERK1/2, p-S191 FADD, and the corresponding total forms of these proteins were quantified by immunoblotting. RESULTS Increased (+ 88%) p-T286 MEK1 cortical density, with a concomitant reduction (-43%) of activated ERK was observed in UK-treated mice. Both effects were attenuated by Gαi2 or Gαz antisense ODNs. Contrastingly, WIN induced Gαi2- and Gαz-independent upregulations of p-T286 MEK1 (+ 63%), p-S217/221 MEK1/2 (+ 86%), and activated ERK (+ 111%) in brain. Pro-apoptotic FADD was downregulated (- 34 to 39%) following UK and WIN administration, whereas the neuroprotective p-S191 FADD was increased (+ 74%) in WIN-treated mice only. None of these latter effects required from Gαi2 or Gαz protein integrity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that α2A-AR (UK), but not CB1-R (WIN), agonists use Gαi2 and Gαz proteins to modulate MEK-ERK, but not FADD, pathway in mouse brain cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, ES48940, Leioa, Biscay, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Hernández-Hernández E, Miralles A, Esteban S, García-Fuster MJ. Improved age-related deficits in cognitive performance and affective-like behavior following acute, but not repeated, 8-OH-DPAT treatments in rats: regulation of hippocampal FADD. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:115-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zhang M, Xu L, Yang H. Schisandra chinensis Fructus and Its Active Ingredients as Promising Resources for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071970. [PMID: 29986408 PMCID: PMC6073455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases (NDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide and tend to mainly affect people under the age of 50. High rates of premature death and disability caused by NDs undoubtedly constrain societal development. However, effective therapeutic drugs and methods are very limited. Schisandra chinensis Fructus (SCF) is the dry ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Recent research has indicated that SCF and its active ingredients show a protective role in NDs, including cerebrovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, or depression. The key neuroprotective mechanisms of SCF and its active ingredients have been demonstrated to include antioxidation, suppression of apoptosis, anti-inflammation, regulation of neurotransmitters, and modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) related pathways. This paper summarizes studies of the role of SCF and its active ingredients in protecting against NDs, and highlights them as promising resources for future treatment. Furthermore, novel insights on the future challenges of SCF and its active ingredients are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Liping Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Hernández-Hernández E, Miralles A, Esteban S, García-Fuster MJ. Repeated treatment with the α2-adrenoceptor agonist UK-14304 improves cognitive performance in middle-age rats: Role of hippocampal Fas-associated death domain. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:248-255. [PMID: 29207901 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117742667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell fate regulator Fas-associated death domain (FADD) balances cell death with non-apoptotic actions via its phosphorylated form. A recent study associated loss of cortical FADD with cognitive decline and increased risk of clinical dementia. Since the activation of cortical α2A-adrenoceptors improved memory deficits in various animal models of working memory loss, the present study evaluated whether UK-14304, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist known to acutely regulate brain FADD forms, would improve cognitive function in middle-aged rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with UK-14304 (0.3 or 1 mg/kg) or saline (1 mL/kg) for seven days. Cognitive performance was evaluated in the eight-arm radial maze. FADD protein content was measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus by Western blot analysis. The results showed that UK-14304 (1 mg/kg) improved cognitive performance (less time: -310±45 s, p=0.025 and fewer errors: -2.75±1.06, p=0.043 to complete the maze) and increased FADD selectively in the hippocampus (+35±11%, p=0.029). Interestingly, hippocampal FADD content negatively correlated with the time ( r=-0.651, p<0.01) needed to complete the maze. Thus, better cognitive scores were associated with higher FADD hippocampal content. These results support a role for α2-adrenoceptors in ameliorating cognition and suggest FADD protein content as a possible correlate for cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hernández-Hernández
- 1 University Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, and Balearic Islands Health Research Intitute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,2 Neurophysiology Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Miralles
- 2 Neurophysiology Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Susana Esteban
- 2 Neurophysiology Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - M Julia García-Fuster
- 1 University Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, and Balearic Islands Health Research Intitute (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
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Ramos-Miguel A, García-Sevilla JA, Barr AM, Bayer TA, Falkai P, Leurgans SE, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Honer WG, García-Fuster MJ. Decreased cortical FADD protein is associated with clinical dementia and cognitive decline in an elderly community sample. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:26. [PMID: 28320441 PMCID: PMC5360099 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FADD (Fas-associated death domain) adaptor is a crucial protein involved in the induction of cell death but also mediates non-apoptotic actions via a phosphorylated form (p-Ser194-FADD). This study investigated the possible association of FADD forms with age-related neuropathologies, cognitive function, and the odds of dementia in an elderly community sample. METHODS FADD forms were quantified by western blot analysis in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) samples from a large cohort of participants in a community-based aging study (Memory and Aging Project, MAP), experiencing no-(NCI, n = 51) or mild-(MCI, n = 42) cognitive impairment, or dementia (n = 57). RESULTS Cortical FADD was lower in subjects with dementia and lower FADD was associated with a greater load of amyloid-β pathology, fewer presynaptic terminal markers, poorer cognitive function and increased odds of dementia. Together with the observations of FADD redistribution into tangles and dystrophic neurites within plaques in Alzheimer's disease brains, and its reduction in APP23 mouse cortex, the results suggest this multifunctional protein might participate in the mechanisms linking amyloid and tau pathologies during the course of the illness. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggests FADD as a putative biomarker for pathological processes associated with the course of clinical dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jesús A. García-Sevilla
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alasdair M. Barr
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Thomas A. Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sue E. Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - William G. Honer
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - M. Julia García-Fuster
- IUNICS, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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García-Fuster MJ, García-Sevilla JA. Effects of anti-depressant treatments on FADD and p-FADD protein in rat brain cortex: enhanced anti-apoptotic p-FADD/FADD ratio after chronic desipramine and fluoxetine administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2955-71. [PMID: 27259485 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fas-associated death domain (FADD) is an adaptor of death receptors that can also induce anti-apoptotic actions through its phosphorylated form (p-FADD). Activation of monoamine receptors, indirect targets of classic anti-depressant drugs (ADs), reduced FADD and increased p-FADD and p-FADD/FADD ratio in brain. OBJECTIVES To ascertain whether ADs, which indirectly regulate monoamine receptors, modulate FADD protein forms to promote anti-apoptotic actions. METHODS The effects of selected norepinephrine transporter (NET), serotonin transporter (SERT), monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, atypical ADs, and electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or behavioral procedures (forced swim test, FST) on FADD forms and pro-survival FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein (FLIP-L) and phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes of 15 kDa (p-PEA-15) contents were assessed in rat brain cortex by western blot analysis. RESULTS Acute NET (e.g., nisoxetine) but not SERT (e.g., fluoxetine) inhibitors decreased cortical FADD (up to 37 %) and increased p-FADD/FADD ratio (up to 1.9-fold). Nisoxetine effects were prevented by α2-antagonist RX-821002, suggesting the involvement of presynaptic α2-autoreceptors. Immobility time in the FST correlated with increases of pro-apoptotic FADD and decreases of anti-apoptotic p-FADD. The MAO-A/B inhibitor phenelzine decreased FADD (up to 33 %) and increased p-FADD (up to 65 %) and p-FADD/FADD (up to 2.4-fold). Other MAO inhibitors (clorgyline, Ro 41-1049, rasagiline), atypical ADs (ketamine and mirtazapine), or ECS did not modulate cortical FADD. Chronic (14 days) desipramine and fluoxetine, but not phenelzine, increased p-FADD (up to 59 %), p-FADD/FADD ratio (up to 1.8-fold), and pro-survival p-PEA-15 (up to 46 %) in rat brain cortex. CONCLUSIONS Multifunctional FADD protein, through an increased p-FADD/FADD ratio, could participate in the mechanisms of anti-apoptotic actions induced by ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Julia García-Fuster
- Neurobiology of Drug Abuse Group, IUNICS/IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. .,Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, IUNICS/IdISPa, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Keller B, García-Sevilla JA. Regulation of hippocampal Fas receptor and death-inducing signaling complex after kainic acid treatment in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 63:54-62. [PMID: 26044520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kainic acid (KA)-induced brain neuronal cell death (especially in the hippocampus) was shown to be mainly mediated by the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway. This study investigated the regulation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway mediated by Fas ligand/Fas receptor and components of the indispensable death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) in the hippocampus (marked changes) and cerebral cortex (modest changes) of KA-treated mice. KA (45mg/kg) induced a severe behavioral syndrome with recurrent motor seizures (scores; maximal at 60-90min; minimal at 72h) with activation of hippocampal pro-apoptotic JNK (+2.5 fold) and increased GFAP (+57%) and nuclear PARP-1 fragmentation (+114%) 72h post-treatment (delayed neurotoxicity). In the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (hippocampus), KA (72h) reduced Fas ligand (-92%) and Fas receptor aggregates (-24%). KA (72h) also altered the contents of major DISC components: decreased FADD adaptor (-44%), reduced activation of initiator caspase-8 (-47%) and increased survival FLIP-S (+220%). Notably, KA (72h) upregulated the content of anti-apoptotic p-Ser191 FADD (+41%) and consequently the expression of p-FADD/FADD ratio (+1.9-fold), a neuroplastic index. Moreover, the p-FADD dependent transcription factor NF-κB was also increased (+61%) in the hippocampus after KA (72h). The convergent adaptation of the extrinsic apoptotic machinery 72h after KA in mice (with otherwise normal gross behavior) is a novel finding which suggests the induction of survival mechanisms to partly counteract the delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Keller
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Spain.
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Álvaro-Bartolomé M, García-Sevilla JA. The neuroplastic index p-FADD/FADD and phosphoprotein PEA-15, interacting at GABAA receptor, are upregulated in brain cortex during midazolam-induced hypnosis in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:2131-44. [PMID: 26282360 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fas-associated death domain (FADD) adaptor is involved in the signaling of metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors, whose agonists stimulate its phosphoryaltion (p) increasing p-FADD/FADD ratio in brain. Whether FADD might also participate in the activation of dissimilar receptors such as the ligand-gated ion channels is not known. This study investigated the role of FADD and phosphoprotein-enriched in astrocytes of 15 kDa (PEA-15, a FADD partner) in the activation of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor, which mediates the hypnotic effect of midazolam. The main findings revealed that during the time course of midazolam (60 mg/kg)-induced hypnosis in mice (about 2 h) p-FADD (and p-FADD/FADD ratio) as well as p-PEA (and its phosphorylating Akt1 kinase) were markedly increased (36-80%) in brain cortex, and these effects were partially (only p-FADD) or fully prevented by flumazenil (a neutral allosteric ligand) and FG 7142 (a partial negative allosteric ligand) acting at GABAA receptors. The upregulation of cortical p-FADD/FADD was exclusively observed in the nucleus (up to 2.8-fold), where the transciption factor NF-κB was also increased (up to 46%), and that of p-PEA/p-Akt1 only in the cytosol (up to 53%), suggesting that p-FADD/p-PEA/p-Akt1 are involved in sleep-induced neuroplasticity. Repeated treatment with midazolam (60 mg/kg, 4 days) induced behavioral (prolonged sleep latency and reduced sleeping time) and neurochemical (reduced p-FADD/p-PEA contents) tolerance. These findings indicated that p-FADD/p-PEA are novel molecules in GABAA receptor signaling and that cortical p-PEA and p-FADD, working in tandem, are involved in the complex molecular processes leading to the hypnotic effect of midazolam in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Álvaro-Bartolomé
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Langer SZ. α2-Adrenoceptors in the treatment of major neuropsychiatric disorders. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:196-202. [PMID: 25771972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic autoreceptors mediate a retrograde transfer of information by a negative feedback mechanism mediated by the transmitter of the neuron, and fulfill an autoregulatory function in neurotransmission in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS). Starting with norepinephrine (NE), it was later reported that an autoreceptor-mediated negative feedback mechanism exists for other neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA), serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, GABA, and glutamate. This feedback mechanism regulates calcium-dependent transmitter release and synthesis through terminal presynaptic autoreceptors, while the firing rate of the neuron is regulated through somatodendritic autoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomon Z Langer
- Synaptic Pharma Ltd, 8 Herzel Rosenblum St Apt 4650, Tel Aviv 69379, Israel.
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