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Tian X, Ou Y, Shi S, Zhou Q, Long S, Xiang Y, Zhao W, Long D. SIRT1-Dependent Neuroprotection by Resveratrol in TOCP-Induced Spinal Cord Injury: Modulation of ER Stress and Autophagic Flux. TOXICS 2024; 12:810. [PMID: 39590990 PMCID: PMC11598399 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol (Resv) against tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP)-induced neurotoxicity in the spinal cord of adult hens. It is well documented that TOCP exposure causes significant neurodegeneration via mechanisms that involve endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and impaired autophagy. In this experiment, adult hens were assigned to one of four groups: Control, Resv, TOCP, and TOCP + Resv. The spinal cord tissues were examined through transmission electron microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, and Western blotting to evaluate key proteins associated with ER stress and autophagy. Additionally, RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence were employed to measure sirtuin1 (SIRT1) expression. The findings revealed that TOCP induced severe ultrastructural damage, including disrupted myelin sheaths, dilated ER, and extensive neurodegeneration, as confirmed by histological evaluations. The expression levels of GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, Beclin-1, P62, and LC3-II were also significantly elevated by TOCP. However, Resv treatment markedly attenuated these pathological changes by reducing ER stress, restoring autophagic flux, and upregulating SIRT1 expression, preserving spinal cord integrity. These results indicate that Resv can effectively counteract TOCP-induced neurotoxicity by modulating ER stress and autophagy, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic agent for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Tian
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.T.); (Y.O.); (S.S.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yiquan Ou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.T.); (Y.O.); (S.S.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Nutrition, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Shengyuan Shi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.T.); (Y.O.); (S.S.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Qiuhua Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.T.); (Y.O.); (S.S.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Sihong Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.T.); (Y.O.); (S.S.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yao Xiang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.T.); (Y.O.); (S.S.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weichao Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.T.); (Y.O.); (S.S.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.)
| | - Dingxin Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; (X.T.); (Y.O.); (S.S.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (Y.X.); (W.Z.)
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Peters J, Staff NP. Update on Toxic Neuropathies. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2022; 24:203-216. [PMID: 36186669 PMCID: PMC9518699 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-022-00716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Toxic neuropathies are an important preventable and treatable form of peripheral neuropathy. While many forms of toxic neuropathies have been recognized for decades, an updated review is provided to increase vigilant in this area of neurology. A literature review was conducted to gather recent information about toxic neuropathies, which included the causes, clinical findings, and treatment options in these conditions. Recent Findings Toxic neuropathies continue to cause significant morbidity throughout the world and the causative agents, particularly with regards to medications, do not appear to be diminishing. A wide variety of causes of toxic neuropathies exist, which include alcohol, industrial chemicals, biotoxins, and medications. Unfortunately, no breakthrough treatments have been developed and prevention and symptom management remain the standard of care. Summary A detailed medication, occupational and hobby exposure history is critical to identifying toxic neuropathies. Increased research is warranted to identify mechanisms of neurotoxic susceptibility and potential common pathomechanistic pathways for treatment across diverse toxic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Peters
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA
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Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Light Stability, Single-Crystal Analysis, and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity on HepG2 Liver Cancer of Two Novel Silver(I) Complexes of Miconazole. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103629. [PMID: 32455548 PMCID: PMC7279231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel silver(I) complexes of the biologically active ligand miconazole in the form of Ag(MCZ)2X (MCZ = 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole]; X = NO3- (1), ClO4- (2)) were synthesized and fully characterized. The complexes were obtained by reactions of Ag(I) salts with miconazole (MCZ). Silver(I) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS spectrometry, and X-ray-crystallography. This work also presents a cytotoxicity study of the silver(I) complexes of miconazole and appropriate silver(I) salts using Balb/c 3T3 and HepG2 cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed based on four biochemical endpoints: lysosomal activity (neutral red uptake (NRU) assay), mitochondrial activity (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay), total protein content (TPC assay), and cellular membrane integrity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay). The cancer HepG2 cells were more sensitive to the complexes tested, and the most affected endpoint was cellular membrane damage compared to Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts. Moreover, study complexes inhibited the growth of cancer cells at submicromolecular concentrations (0.26-0.47 μM) lower than that required for the anticancer agent, cisplatin, in MTT, NRU, and TPC assays. Both complexes were characterized by higher toxicity to human cancer cells (HepG2) than silver(I) salts and the free ligand. Combination of Ag(I) salts with miconazole is associated with the marked improvement of cytotoxic activities that can be considered as the significant point in the construction of a new generation of antineoplastic agents.
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