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Tu PC, Chang WC, Su TP, Lin WC, Li CT, Bai YM, Tsai SJ, Chen MH. Thalamocortical functional connectivity and rapid antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of low-dose ketamine infusion among patients with treatment-resistant depression. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02640-3. [PMID: 38971895 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown an association between the thalamocortical dysconnectivity and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Whether a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine may change thalamocortical connectivity among patients with TRD is unclear. Whether these changes in thalamocortical connectivity is associated with the antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of ketamine treatment is also unclear. Two resting-state functional MRIs were collected in two clinical trials of 48 patients with TRD (clinical trial 1; 32 receiving ketamine, 16 receiving a normal saline placebo) and 48 patients with TRD and strong suicidal ideation (clinical trial 2; 24 receiving ketamine, 24 receiving midazolam), respectively. All participants underwent rs-fMRI before and 3 days after infusion. Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) was analyzed in the left/right thalamus. FCs between the bilateral thalamus and right middle frontal cortex (BA46) and between the left thalamus and left anterior paracingulate gyrus (BA8) increased among patients in the ketamine group in clinical trials 1 and 2, respectively. FCs between the right thalamus and bilateral frontal pole (BA9) and between the right thalamus and left rostral paracingulate gyrus (BA10) decreased among patients in the ketamine group in clinical trials 1 and 2, respectively. However, the associations between those FC changes and clinical symptom changes did not survive statistical significance after multiple comparison corrections. Whether ketamine-related changes in thalamocortical connectivity may be associated with ketamine's antidepressant and antisuicidal effects would need further investigation. Clinical trials registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR): Registration number: UMIN000016985 and UMIN000033916.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of biomedical engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, General Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Seillier A. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase reverses aberrant prefrontal gamma oscillations in the sub-chronic PCP model for schizophrenia. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1149-1160. [PMID: 38489023 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Hypofunctioning of NMDA receptors, and the resulting shift in the balance between excitation and inhibition, is considered a key process in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. One important manifestation of this phenomenon is changes in neural oscillations, those above 30 Hz (i.e., gamma-band oscillations), in particular. Although both preclinical and clinical studies observed increased gamma activity following acute administration of NMDA receptor antagonists, the relevance of this phenomenon has been recently questioned given the reduced gamma oscillations typically observed during sensory and cognitive tasks in schizophrenia. However, there is emerging, yet contradictory, evidence for increased spontaneous gamma-band activity (i.e., at rest or under baseline conditions). Here, we use the sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP) rat model for schizophrenia, which has been argued to model the pathophysiology of schizophrenia more closely than acute NMDA antagonism, to investigate gamma oscillations (30-100 Hz) in the medial prefrontal cortex of anesthetized animals. While baseline gamma oscillations were not affected, oscillations induced by train stimulation of the posterior dorsal CA1 (pdCA1) field of the hippocampus were enhanced in PCP-treated animals (5 mg/kg, twice daily for 7 days, followed by a 7-day washout period). This effect was reversed by pharmacological enhancement of endocannabinoid levels via systemic administration of URB597 (0.3 mg/kg), an inhibitor of the catabolic enzyme of the endocannabinoid anandamide. Intriguingly, the pharmacological blockade of CB1 receptors by AM251 unmasked a reduced gamma oscillatory activity in PCP-treated animals. The findings are consistent with the observed effects of URB597 and AM251 on behavioral deficits reminiscent of the symptoms of schizophrenia and further validate the potential for cannabinoid-based drugs as a treatment for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Seillier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Schizophrenia Models for Advancing Research and Treatment, Preclinical Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.
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Lee TW, Tramontano G, Hinrichs C. Concordant dynamic changes of global network properties in the frontoparietal and limbic compartments: An EEG study. Biosystems 2024; 235:105101. [PMID: 38101726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its complexity, deciphering nodal interaction is imperative to understanding a neural network. Network interaction is an even more complicated topic that must be addressed. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the brain waves of two canonical brain structures, i.e., the frontoparietal and limbic compartments, during a resting state. METHODS Electroencephalography (EEG) of 51 subjects in eye-closed condition was analyzed, and the eLORETA method was applied to convert the signals from the scalp to the brain. By way of community detection, representative neural nodes and the associated mean activities were retrieved. Total and lagged coherences were computed to indicate functional connectivity between those neural nodes. Two global network properties were elucidated based on the connectivity measures, i.e., global efficiency and mean functional connectivity strength. The temporal correlation of the global network indices between the two studied networks was explored. RESULTS It was found that there was a significant trend of positive correlation across the four metrics (lagged vs. total coherence x global efficiency vs. average connectivity). In other words, when the neural interaction in the FP network was stronger, so did that in the limbic network, and vice versa. Notably, the above interaction was not spectrally specific and only existed at a finer temporal scale (under hundreds of milliseconds level). CONCLUSION The concordant change in network properties indicates an intricate balance between FP and LM compartments. Possible mechanisms and implications for the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Wen Lee
- The NeuroCognitive Institute (NCI) Clinical Research Foundation, NJ, 07856, USA. http://neuroci.com
| | - Gerald Tramontano
- The NeuroCognitive Institute (NCI) Clinical Research Foundation, NJ, 07856, USA.
| | - Clay Hinrichs
- Hackettstown Medical Center, Atlantic Health System, NJ, 07840, USA.
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Munch AS, Amat-Foraster M, Agerskov C, Bastlund JF, Herrik KF, Richter U. Sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine increase single cell entrainment in the rat auditory cortex during auditory steady-state response. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:822-835. [PMID: 37165655 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231164231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) antagonist ketamine on brain function is of considerable interest due to the discovery of its fast-acting antidepressant properties. It is well known that gamma oscillations are increased when ketamine is administered to rodents and humans, and increases in the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) have also been observed. AIMS To elucidate the cellular substrate of the increase in network activity and synchrony observed by sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine, the aim was to investigate spike timing and regularity and determine how this is affected by the animal's motor state. METHODS Single unit activity and local field potentials from the auditory cortex of awake, freely moving rats were recorded with microelectrode arrays during an ASSR paradigm. RESULTS Ketamine administration yielded a significant increase in ASSR power and phase locking, both significantly modulated by motor activity. Before drug administration, putative fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) were significantly more entrained to the stimulus than putative pyramidal neurons (PYRs). The degree of entrainment significantly increased at lower doses of ketamine (3 and 10 mg/kg for FSIs, 10 mg/kg for PYRs). At the highest dose (30 mg/kg), a strong increase in tonic firing of PYRs was observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an involvement of FSIs in the increased network synchrony and provide a possible cellular explanation for the well-documented effects of ketamine-induced increase in power and synchronicity during ASSR. The results support the importance to evaluate different motor states separately for more translational preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Sonne Munch
- Brain Circuit and Function, Lundbeck & University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Agerskov
- Pathology, Circuits and Symptoms, Lundbeck, Valby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ulrike Richter
- Pathology, Circuits and Symptoms, Lundbeck, Valby, Denmark
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Brys I, Barrientos SA, Ward JE, Wallander J, Petersson P, Halje P. 5-HT2AR and NMDAR psychedelics induce similar hyper-synchronous states in the rat cognitive-limbic cortex-basal ganglia system. Commun Biol 2023; 6:737. [PMID: 37495733 PMCID: PMC10372079 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The profound changes in perception and cognition induced by psychedelic drugs are thought to act on several levels, including increased glutamatergic activity, altered functional connectivity and an aberrant increase in high-frequency oscillations. To bridge these different levels of observation, we have here performed large-scale multi-structure recordings in freely behaving rats treated with 5-HT2AR psychedelics (LSD, DOI) and NMDAR psychedelics (ketamine, PCP). While interneurons and principal cells showed disparate firing rate modulations for the two classes of psychedelics, the local field potentials revealed a shared pattern of synchronized high-frequency oscillations in the ventral striatum and several cortical areas. Remarkably, the phase differences between structures were close to zero, corresponding to <1 ms delays. Likely, this hypersynchrony has major effects on the integration of information across neuronal systems and we propose that it is a key contributor to changes in perception and cognition during psychedelic drug use. Potentially, similar mechanisms could induce hallucinations and delusions in psychotic disorders and would constitute promising targets for new antipsychotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivani Brys
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Research Group in Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sebastian A Barrientos
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon Ezra Ward
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Wallander
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Petersson
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Halje
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Nasretdinov A, Barrientos SA, Brys I, Halje P, Petersson P. Systems-level analysis of local field potentials reveals differential effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and ketamine on neuronal activity and functional connectivity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1175575. [PMID: 37287794 PMCID: PMC10242129 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1175575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychedelic substances have in recent years attracted considerable interest as potential treatments for several psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety, and addiction. Imaging studies in humans point to a number of possible mechanisms underlying the acute effects of psychedelics, including changes in neuronal firing rates and excitability as well as alterations in functional connectivity between various brain nodes. In addition, animal studies using invasive recordings, have suggested synchronous high-frequency oscillations involving several brain regions as another key feature of the psychedelic brain state. To better understand how the imaging data might be related to high-resolution electrophysiological measurements, we have here analyzed the aperiodic part of the local field potential (LFP) in rodents treated with a classic psychedelic (LSD) or a dissociative anesthetic (ketamine). In addition, functional connectivity, as quantified by mutual information measures in the LFP time series, has been assessed with in and between different structures. Our data suggest that the altered brain states of LSD and ketamine are caused by different underlying mechanisms, where LFP power shifts indicate increased neuronal activity but reduced connectivity following ketamine, while LSD also leads to reduced connectivity but without an accompanying change in LFP broadband power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azat Nasretdinov
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sebastian A. Barrientos
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ivani Brys
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Health, and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Pär Halje
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Petersson
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- The Group for Integrative Neurophysiology and Neurotechnology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Ahtiainen A, Annala I, Rosenholm M, Kohtala S, Hyttinen J, Tanskanen JMA, Rantamäki T. Ketamine reduces electrophysiological network activity in cortical neuron cultures already at sub-micromolar concentrations - Impact on TrkB-ERK1/2 signaling. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109481. [PMID: 36868403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative anesthetic ketamine regulates cortical activity in a dose-dependent manner. Subanesthetic-dose ketamine has paradoxical excitatory effects which is proposed to facilitate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (a ligand of tropomyosin receptor kinase B, TrkB) signaling, and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Previous data suggests that ketamine, at sub-micromolar concentrations, induces glutamatergic activity, BDNF release, and activation of ERK1/2 also on primary cortical neurons. We combined western blot analysis with multiwell-microelectrode array (mw-MEA) measurements to examine ketamine's concentration-dependent effects on network-level electrophysiological responses and TrkB-ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rat cortical cultures at 14 days in vitro. Ketamine did not cause an increase in neuronal network activity at sub-micromolar concentrations, but instead a decrease in spiking that was evident already at 500 nM concentration. TrkB phosphorylation was unaffected by the low concentrations, although BDNF elicited prominent phosphorylation response. High concentration of ketamine (10 μM) strongly reduced spiking, bursting and burst duration, which was accompanied with decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not TrkB. Notably, robust increases in spiking and bursting activity could be produced with carbachol, while it did not affect phosphorylation of TrkB or ERK1/2. Diazepam abolished neuronal activity, which was accompanied by reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation without change on TrkB. In conclusion, sub-micromolar ketamine concentrations did not cause an increase in neuronal network activity or TrkB-ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cortical neuron cultures that readily respond to exogenously applied BDNF. Instead, pharmacological inhibition of network activity can be readily observed with high concentration of ketamine and it is associated with reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahtiainen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - I Annala
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Biocenter 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
| | - M Rosenholm
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Biocenter 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - S Kohtala
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Biocenter 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 E 61st St, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - J Hyttinen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - J M A Tanskanen
- Computational Biophysics and Imaging Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - T Rantamäki
- Laboratory of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Biocenter 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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The high frequency oscillation in orbitofrontal cortex is susceptible to phenethylamine psychedelic 25C-NBOMe in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109452. [PMID: 36724866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Serotoninergic psychedelics induced extensive alterations in perception and cognition, which has been attributable to its disruptive effect on oscillatory rhythms of prefrontal cortex. However, there is a lack of information how serotoninergic psychedelics affect the intra-prefrontal network, which intrinsically interact to accomplish perceptual processing. Uncovering the altered neural network caused by psychedelics helps to understand the mechanisms of their psychoactive effects and contribute to develop biological markers of psychedelic effects. In present study, we investigated the effects of substituted phenethylamine psychedelic 25C-NBOMe on neural oscillations in the intra-prefrontal and hippocampal-prefrontal network. The effective dose of 25C-NBOMe (0.1 mg/kg) disrupting sensorimotor gating in male Sprague-Dawley rats was used to observe its effects on neural oscillations in the prelimbic cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus CA1. The power of high frequency oscillation (HFO, 120-150 Hz) was potentiated by 25C-NBOMe selectively in the OFC, with peaking at 20-30 min after treatment. 25C-NBOMe strengthened HFO coherence within the intra-prefrontal, rather than hippocampal-prefrontal network. Potentiated HFO in the OFC had a strong positive correlation with the strengthened inter-prefrontal HFO coherence by 25C-NBOMe. The 25C-NBOMe-induced alterations of rhythmic patterns were prevented by pre-treatment with selective serotonin 2A receptor antagonist MDL100,907. These results demonstrate that OFC rhythmic activity in HFO is relatively susceptible to substituted phenethylamine and potentially drives drug-induced rhythmic coherence within intra-prefrontal regions. Our findings provide additional insight into the neuropathophysiology of the psychoactive effects of psychedelics and indicate that the altered HFO might be applied as a potential biological marker of psychedelic effect.
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Suárez Santiago JE, Roldán GR, Picazo O. Ketamine as a pharmacological tool for the preclinical study of memory deficit in schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:80-91. [PMID: 36094064 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, and disorganization of thought and language), negative symptoms (abulia, alogia, and affective flattening), and cognitive impairment (attention deficit, impaired declarative memory, and deficits in social cognition). Dopaminergic hyperactivity seems to explain the positive symptoms, but it does not completely clarify the appearance of negative and cognitive clinical manifestations. Preclinical data have demonstrated that acute and subchronic treatment with NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine (KET) represents a useful model that resembles the schizophrenia symptomatology, including cognitive impairment. This latter has been explained as a hypofunction of NMDA receptors located on the GABA parvalbumin-positive interneurons (near to the cortical pyramidal cells), thus generating an imbalance between the inhibitory and excitatory activity in the corticomesolimbic circuits. The use of behavioral models to explore alterations in different domains of memory is vital to learn more about the neurobiological changes that underlie schizophrenia. Thus, to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in cognitive impairment related to schizophrenia, the purpose of this review is to analyze the most recent findings regarding the effect of KET administration on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Suárez Santiago
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Roldán Roldán
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ofir Picazo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Conductual, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
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The Association of the Oral Microbiota with the Effects of Acid Stress Induced by an Increase of Brain Lactate in Schizophrenia Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020240. [PMID: 36830777 PMCID: PMC9953675 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered cerebral energy metabolism central to schizophrenia can be linked to lactate accumulation. Lactic acid is produced by gastrointestinal bacteria, among others, and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, leading to the brain acidity. This study aimed to examine the association of the oral microbiota with the effects of acid stress induced by an increase of brain lactate in schizophrenia patients. The study included patients with a diagnosis of acute polyphasic psychotic disorder meeting criteria for schizophrenia at 3-month follow-up. Results: Individuals with a significantly higher total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale had statistically significantly lower lactate concentrations compared to those with a lower total score and higher brain lactate. We observed a positive correlation between Actinomyces and lactate levels in the anterior cingulate cap and a negative correlation between bacteria associated with lactate metabolism and some clinical assessment scales. Conclusions: Shifts in the oral microbiota in favour of lactate-utilising bacterial genera may represent a compensatory mechanism in response to increased lactate production in the brain. Assessment of neuronal function mediated by ALA-LAC-dependent NMDA regulatory mechanisms may, thus, support new therapies for schizophrenia, for which acidosis has become a differentiating feature of individuals with schizophrenia endophenotypes.
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The effect of ketamine and D-cycloserine on the high frequency resting EEG spectrum in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:59-75. [PMID: 36401646 PMCID: PMC9816261 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Preclinical studies indicate that high-frequency oscillations, above 100 Hz (HFO:100-170 Hz), are a potential translatable biomarker for pharmacological studies, with the rapid acting antidepressant ketamine increasing both gamma (40-100 Hz) and HFO. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of the uncompetitive NMDA antagonist ketamine, and of D-cycloserine (DCS), which acts at the glycine site on NMDA receptors on HFO in humans. METHODS We carried out a partially double-blind, 4-way crossover study in 24 healthy male volunteers. Each participant received an oral tablet and an intravenous infusion on each of four study days. The oral treatment was either DCS (250 mg or 1000 mg) or placebo. The infusion contained 0.5 mg/kg ketamine or saline placebo. The four study conditions were therefore placebo-placebo, 250 mg DCS-placebo, 1000 mg DCS-placebo, or placebo-ketamine. RESULTS Compared with placebo, frontal midline HFO magnitude was increased by ketamine (p = 0.00014) and 1000 mg DCS (p = 0.013). Frontal gamma magnitude was also increased by both these treatments. However, at a midline parietal location, only HFO were increased by DCS, and not gamma, whilst ketamine increased both gamma and HFO at this location. Ketamine induced psychomimetic effects, as measured by the PSI scale, whereas DCS did not increase the total PSI score. The perceptual distortion subscale scores correlated with the posterior low gamma to frontal high beta ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, at high doses, a partial NMDA agonist (DCS) has similar effects on fast neural oscillations as an NMDA antagonist (ketamine). As HFO were induced without psychomimetic effects, they may prove a useful drug development target.
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Gärtner M, de Rover M, Václavů L, Scheidegger M, van Osch MJP, Grimm S. Increase in thalamic cerebral blood flow is associated with antidepressant effects of ketamine in major depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:643-652. [PMID: 34985394 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2020900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine is a promising treatment option for patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and has become an important research tool to investigate antidepressant mechanisms of action. However, imaging studies attempting to characterise ketamine's mechanism of action using blood oxygen level-dependent signal (BOLD) imaging have yielded inconsistent results- at least partly due to intrinsic properties of the BOLD contrast, which measures a complex signal related to neural activity. To circumvent the limitations associated with the BOLD signal, we used arterial spin labelling (ASL) as an unambiguous marker of neuronal activity-related changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). We measured CBF in 21 MDD patients at baseline and 24 h after receiving a single intravenous infusion of subanesthetic ketamine and examined relationships with clinical outcomes. Our findings demonstrate that increase in thalamus perfusion 24 h after ketamine administration is associated with greater improvement of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, lower thalamus perfusion at baseline is associated both with larger increases in perfusion 24 h after ketamine administration and with stronger reduction of depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that ASL is not only a useful tool to broaden our understanding of ketamine's mechanism of action but might also have the potential to inform treatment decisions based on CBF-defined regional disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Gärtner
- MSB-Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mischa de Rover
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lena Václavů
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone Grimm
- MSB-Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Murillo-Rodríguez E, Coronado-Álvarez A, López-Muciño LA, Pastrana-Trejo JC, Viana-Torre G, Barberena JJ, Soriano-Nava DM, García-García F. Neurobiology of dream activity and effects of stimulants on dreams. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1280-1295. [PMID: 35761491 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220627162032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is the result of the activity of a multiple neurobiological network interaction. Dreaming feature is one interesting sleep phenomena that represents sensorial components, mostly visual perceptions, accompanied with intense emotions. Further complexity has been added to the topic of the neurobiological mechanism of dreams generation by the current data that suggests the influence of drugs on dream generation. Here, we discuss the review on some of the neurobiological mechanism of the regulation of dream activity, with special emphasis on the effects of stimulants on dreaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Astrid Coronado-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Luis Angel López-Muciño
- Health Sciences Program. Health Sciences Institute. Veracruzana University. Xalapa. Veracruz. Mexico
| | - José Carlos Pastrana-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Gerardo Viana-Torre
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Juan José Barberena
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Escuela de Psicología, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México
| | - Daniela Marcia Soriano-Nava
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Fabio García-García
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group.,Health Sciences Program. Health Sciences Institute. Veracruzana University. Xalapa. Veracruz. Mexico
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14
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Modified climbing fiber/Purkinje cell synaptic connectivity in the cerebellum of the neonatal phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122544119. [PMID: 35588456 PMCID: PMC9173783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122544119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptogenesis and neural network remodeling are at their maximum during the perinatal period of human brain development. Perturbations of this highly sensitive stage might underlie the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Subchronic neonatal administration of phencyclidine, a drug of abuse, has been used to model schizophrenia in rodents. In this model, we found specific long-term synaptic changes in Purkinje cells and transient gene expression changes in the cerebellum. While transient increased neuronal activity in the cerebellum, induced using chemogenetics, reproduces some phencyclidine-induced molecular changes, it is insufficient to reproduce the long-term synaptic effects. Our results show the complex mechanism of action of phencyclidine on the development of neuronal connectivity and further highlight the potential contribution of cerebellar defects in psychiatric diseases. Environmental perturbations during the first years of life are a major factor in psychiatric diseases. Phencyclidine (PCP), a drug of abuse, has psychomimetic effects, and neonatal subchronic administration of PCP in rodents leads to long-term behavioral changes relevant for schizophrenia. The cerebellum is increasingly recognized for its role in diverse cognitive functions. However, little is known about potential cerebellar changes in models of schizophrenia. Here, we analyzed the characteristics of the cerebellum in the neonatal subchronic PCP model. We found that, while the global cerebellar cytoarchitecture and Purkinje cell spontaneous spiking properties are unchanged, climbing fiber/Purkinje cell synaptic connectivity is increased in juvenile mice. Neonatal subchronic administration of PCP is accompanied by increased cFos expression, a marker of neuronal activity, and transient modification of the neuronal surfaceome in the cerebellum. The largest change observed is the overexpression of Ctgf, a gene previously suggested as a biomarker for schizophrenia. This neonatal increase in Ctgf can be reproduced by increasing neuronal activity in the cerebellum during the second postnatal week using chemogenetics. However, it does not lead to increased climbing fiber/Purkinje cell connectivity in juvenile mice, showing the complexity of PCP action. Overall, our study shows that administration of the drug of abuse PCP during the developmental period of intense cerebellar synaptogenesis and circuit remodeling has long-term and specific effects on Purkinje cell connectivity and warrants the search for this type of synaptic changes in psychiatric diseases.
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15
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Bowman C, Richter U, Jones CR, Agerskov C, Herrik KF. Activity-State Dependent Reversal of Ketamine-Induced Resting State EEG Effects by Clozapine and Naltrexone in the Freely Moving Rat. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:737295. [PMID: 35153870 PMCID: PMC8830299 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.737295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a non-competitive N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist used in the clinic to initiate and maintain anaesthesia; it induces dissociative states and has emerged as a breakthrough therapy for major depressive disorder. Using local field potential recordings in freely moving rats, we studied resting state EEG profiles induced by co-administering ketamine with either: clozapine, a highly efficacious antipsychotic; or naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist reported to block the acute antidepressant effects of ketamine. As human electroencephalography (EEG) is predominantly recorded in a passive state, head-mounted accelerometers were used with rats to determine active and passive states at a high temporal resolution to offer the highest translatability. In general, pharmacological effects for the three drugs were more pronounced in (or restricted to) the passive state. Specifically, during inactive periods clozapine induced increases in delta (0.1-4 Hz), gamma (30-60 Hz) and higher frequencies (>100 Hz). Importantly, it reversed the ketamine-induced reduction in low beta power (10-20 Hz) and potentiated ketamine-induced increases in gamma and high frequency oscillations (130-160 Hz). Naltrexone inhibited frequencies above 50 Hz and significantly reduced the ketamine-induced increase in high frequency oscillations. However, some frequency band changes, such as clozapine-induced decreases in delta power, were only seen in locomoting rats. These results emphasise the potential in differentiating between activity states to capture drug effects and translate to human resting state EEG. Furthermore, the differential reversal of ketamine-induced EEG effects by clozapine and naltrexone may have implications for the understanding of psychotomimetic as well as rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christien Bowman
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Bio Imaging Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Richter
- Department of Circuit Biology, Lundbeck, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher R Jones
- Department of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling and Simulation, Lundbeck, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Agerskov
- Department of Circuit Biology, Lundbeck, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Średniawa W, Wróbel J, Kublik E, Wójcik DK, Whittington MA, Hunt MJ. Network and synaptic mechanisms underlying high frequency oscillations in the rat and cat olfactory bulb under ketamine-xylazine anesthesia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6390. [PMID: 33737621 PMCID: PMC7973548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wake-related ketamine-dependent high frequency oscillations (HFO) can be recorded in local field potentials (LFP) from cortical and subcortical regions in rodents. The mechanisms underlying their generation and occurrence in higher mammals are unclear. Unfortunately, anesthetic doses of pure ketamine attenuate HFO, which has precluded their investigation under anesthesia. Here, we show ketamine-xylazine (KX) anesthesia is associated with a prominent 80–130 Hz rhythm in the olfactory bulb (OB) of rats, whereas 30–65 Hz gamma power is diminished. Simultaneous LFP and thermocouple recordings revealed the 80–130 Hz rhythm was dependent on nasal respiration. This rhythm persisted despite surgical excision of the piriform cortex. Silicon probes spanning the dorsoventral aspect of the OB revealed this rhythm was strongest in ventral areas and associated with microcurrent sources about the mitral layer. Pharmacological microinfusion studies revealed dependency on excitatory-inhibitory synaptic activity, but not gap junctions. Finally, a similar rhythm occurred in the OB of KX-anesthetized cats, which shared key features with our rodent studies. We conclude that the activity we report here is driven by nasal airflow, local excitatory-inhibitory interactions, and conserved in higher mammals. Additionally, KX anesthesia is a convenient model to investigate further the mechanisms underlying wake-related ketamine-dependent HFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Władysław Średniawa
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.,University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Wróbel
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kublik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Krzysztof Wójcik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Mark Jeremy Hunt
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland. .,University of York, Heslington, NY, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
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17
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Involvement of NMDA receptors containing the GluN2C subunit in the psychotomimetic and antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:427. [PMID: 33303736 PMCID: PMC7729946 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ketamine administration evokes rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients. However, ketamine also produces transient perceptual disturbances similarly to those evoked by other non-competitive NMDA-R antagonists like phencyclidine (PCP). Although the brain networks involved in both ketamine actions are not fully understood, PCP and ketamine activate thalamo-cortical networks after NMDA-R blockade in GABAergic neurons of the reticular thalamic nucleus (RtN). Given the involvement of thalamo-cortical networks in processing sensory information, these networks may underlie psychotomimetic action. Since the GluN2C subunit is densely expressed in the thalamus, including the RtN, we examined the dependence of psychotomimetic and antidepressant-like actions of ketamine on the presence of GluN2C subunits, using wild-type and GluN2C knockout (GluN2CKO) mice. Likewise, since few studies have investigated ketamine's effects in females, we used mice of both sexes. GluN2C deletion dramatically reduced stereotyped (circling) behavior induced by ketamine in male and female mice, while the antidepressant-like effect was fully preserved in both genotypes and sexes. Despite ketamine appeared to induce similar effects in both sexes, some neurobiological differences were observed between male and female mice regarding c-fos expression in thalamic nuclei and cerebellum, and glutamate surge in prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, the GluN2C subunit may discriminate between antidepressant-like and psychotomimetic actions of ketamine. Further, the abundant presence of GluN2C subunits in the cerebellum and the improved motor coordination of GluN2CKO mice after ketamine treatment suggest the involvement of cerebellar NMDA-Rs in some behavioral actions of ketamine.
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18
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Hunter D, Jamet Z, Groc L. Autoimmunity and NMDA receptor in brain disorders: Where do we stand? Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105161. [PMID: 33166697 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, the identification of autoimmune encephalitis in which patients express autoantibodies directed against neurotransmitter receptors has generated great hope to shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning neurological and psychiatric conditions. Among these autoimmune encephalitides, the discovery of autoantibodies directed against the glutamatergic NMDA receptor (NMDAR-Ab), in the anti-NMDAR encephalitis, has provided some key information on how complex neuropsychiatric symptoms can be caused by a deficit in NMDAR signalling. Yet, NMDAR-Abs have also been detected in several neurological and psychiatric conditions, as well as in healthy individuals. In addition, these various NMDAR-Abs appear to have different molecular properties and pathogenicities onto receptors and synaptic functions. Here, we discuss the current view on the variety of NMDAR-Abs and, in particular, how these autoantibodies can lead to receptor dysfunction in neuronal networks. Since our mechanistic understanding on patients' NMDAR-Abs is still in its infancy, several complementary processes can be proposed and further in-depth molecular and cellular investigations will surely reveal key insights. Autoantibodies represent a great opportunity to gain knowledge on the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY: Current view on patients' autoantibody against NMDAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hunter
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Zoe Jamet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Nasal respiration is necessary for ketamine-dependent high frequency network oscillations and behavioral hyperactivity in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18981. [PMID: 33149202 PMCID: PMC7642442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in oscillatory activity are widely reported after subanesthetic ketamine, however their mechanisms of generation are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nasal respiration underlies the emergence of high-frequency oscillations (130–180 Hz, HFO) and behavioral activation after ketamine in freely moving rats. We found ketamine 20 mg/kg provoked “fast” theta sniffing in rodents which correlated with increased locomotor activity and HFO power in the OB. Bursts of ketamine-dependent HFO were coupled to “fast” theta frequency sniffing. Theta coupling of HFO bursts were also found in the prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum which, although of smaller amplitude, were coherent with OB activity. Haloperidol 1 mg/kg pretreatment prevented ketamine-dependent increases in fast sniffing and instead HFO coupling to slower basal respiration. Consistent with ketamine-dependent HFO being driven by nasal respiration, unilateral naris blockade led to an ipsilateral reduction in ketamine-dependent HFO power compared to the control side. Bilateral nares blockade reduced ketamine-induced hyperactivity and HFO power and frequency. These findings suggest that nasal airflow entrains ketamine-dependent HFO in diverse brain regions, and that the OB plays an important role in the broadcast of this rhythm.
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