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Martínez-Barbero G, García-Mesa Y, Cobo R, Cuendias P, Martín-Biedma B, García-Suárez O, Feito J, Cobo T, Vega JA. Acid-Sensing Ion Channels' Immunoreactivity in Nerve Profiles and Glomus Cells of the Human Carotid Body. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17161. [PMID: 38138991 PMCID: PMC10743051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The carotid body is a major peripheral chemoreceptor that senses changes in arterial blood oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH, which is important for the regulation of breathing and cardiovascular function. The mechanisms by which the carotid body senses O2 and CO2 are well known; conversely, the mechanisms by which it senses pH variations are almost unknown. Here, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate how the human carotid body contributes to the detection of acidosis, analyzing whether it expresses acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and determining whether these channels are in the chemosensory glomic cells or in the afferent nerves. In ASIC1, ASIC2, and ASIC3, and to a much lesser extent ASIC4, immunoreactivity was detected in subpopulations of type I glomus cells, as well as in the nerves of the carotid body. In addition, immunoreactivity was found for all ASIC subunits in the neurons of the petrosal and superior cervical sympathetic ganglia, where afferent and efferent neurons are located, respectively, innervating the carotid body. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of ASIC proteins in the human carotid body, demonstrating that they are present in glomus chemosensory cells (ASIC1 < ASIC2 > ASIC3 > ASIC4) and nerves, presumably in both the afferent and efferent neurons supplying the organ. These results suggest that the detection of acidosis by the carotid body can be mediated via the ASIC ion channels present in the type I glomus cells or directly via sensory nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Martínez-Barbero
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (G.M.-B.); (Y.G.-M.); (R.C.); (P.C.); (O.G.-S.)
| | - Yolanda García-Mesa
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (G.M.-B.); (Y.G.-M.); (R.C.); (P.C.); (O.G.-S.)
| | - Ramón Cobo
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (G.M.-B.); (Y.G.-M.); (R.C.); (P.C.); (O.G.-S.)
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Patricia Cuendias
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (G.M.-B.); (Y.G.-M.); (R.C.); (P.C.); (O.G.-S.)
| | - Benjamín Martín-Biedma
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Olivia García-Suárez
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (G.M.-B.); (Y.G.-M.); (R.C.); (P.C.); (O.G.-S.)
| | - Jorge Feito
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Teresa Cobo
- Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Instituto Asturiano de Odontología, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José A. Vega
- Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (G.M.-B.); (Y.G.-M.); (R.C.); (P.C.); (O.G.-S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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Uniyal A, Tiwari V, Tsukamoto T, Dong X, Guan Y, Raja SN. Targeting sensory neuron GPCRs for peripheral neuropathic pain. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:1009-1027. [PMID: 37977131 PMCID: PMC10657387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of peripheral neuropathic pain (NP) conditions and significant progress in understanding its underlying mechanisms, the management of peripheral NP remains inadequate. Existing pharmacotherapies for NP act primarily on the central nervous system (CNS) and are often associated with CNS-related adverse effects, limiting their clinical effectiveness. Mounting preclinical evidence indicates that reducing the heightened activity in primary sensory neurons by targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), without activating these receptors in the CNS, relieves pain without central adverse effects. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in GPCR-mediated peripheral pain relief and discuss strategies to advance the development of more effective and safer therapies for peripheral NP by shifting from traditional CNS modulatory approaches toward selective targeting of GPCRs on primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U), Varanasi, India
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Guan
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srinivasa N Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Hao JW, Qiao WL, Li Q, Wei S, Li XM, Liu TT, Qiu CY, Hu WP. A1 Adenosine Receptor Activation Inhibits P2X3 Receptor-Mediated ATP Currents in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7025-7035. [PMID: 36074232 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is involved in multiple pain processes. P2X3 receptor is a key target in pain therapeutics, while A1 adenosine receptor signaling plays a role in analgesia. However, it remains unclear whether there is a link between them in pain. The present results showed that the A1 adenosine receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) concentration dependently suppressed P2X3 receptor-mediated and α,β-methylene-ATP (α,β-meATP)-evoked inward currents in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. CPA significantly decreased the maximal current response to α,β-meATP, as shown a downward shift of the concentration-response curve for α,β-meATP. CPA suppressed ATP currents in a voltage-independent manner. Inhibition of ATP currents by CPA was completely prevented by the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist KW-3902, and disappeared after the intracellular dialysis of either the Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, or the cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP. Moreover, CPA suppressed the membrane potential depolarization and action potential bursts, which were induced by α,β-meATP in DRG neurons. Finally, CPA relieved α,β-meATP-induced nociceptive behaviors in rats by activating peripheral A1 adenosine receptors. These results indicated that CPA inhibited the activity of P2X3 receptors in rat primary sensory neurons by activating A1 adenosine receptors and its downstream cAMP signaling pathway, revealing a novel peripheral mechanism underlying its analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Long Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning, 437100, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, 87 Xueyuan Road, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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