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Liu GZ, Niu TT, Yu Q, Xu BL, Li XQ, Yuan BY, Yuan GB, Yang TT, Li HQ, Sun Y. Ginkgolide attenuates memory impairment and neuroinflammation by suppressing the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10237-10252. [PMID: 37793010 PMCID: PMC10599747 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the neuroinflammatory pathway of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study is to explore the roles and underlying mechanisms of ginkgolide (Baiyu®) on amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) transgenic mice and a murine microglial cell line, BV-2. In the present study, the APP/PS1 mice were administered with ginkgolide, followed by a Morris water maze test. The mice were then euthanized to obtain brain tissue for histological and Aβ analysis. Additionally, BV-2 cells were pretreated with ginkgolide and then incubated with Aβ1-42 peptide. NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 mRNA and protein expression in brain tissue of mice and BV-2 cells were quantified by real-time PCR and western blotting, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels by lucigenin technique and ELISA. Compared with the APP/PS1 mice, ginkgolide-treated mice demonstrated the shortened escape latency, reduced plaques, less inflammatory cell infiltration and neuron loss in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice. The levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, ROS, IL-1β, and IL-18 were also decreased in the brain tissue of APP/PS1 mice or Aβ1-42-treated BV-2 cells following ginkgolide treatment. Ginkgolide exerted protective effects on AD, at least partly by inactivating the NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tian-Tong Niu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Beijing D.A. Medical Laboratory, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Bao-Lei Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guo-Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui-Qin Li
- Research and Development Centre, Chengdu Baiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Research and Development Centre, Chengdu Baiyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China
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The potential use of tetracyclines in neurodegenerative diseases and the role of nano-based drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106237. [PMID: 35710076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are still a challenge for effective treatments. The high cost of approved drugs, severity of side effects, injection site pain, and restrictions on drug delivery to the Central Nervous System (CNS) can overshadow the management of these diseases. Due to the chronic and progressive evolution of neurodegenerative disorders and since there is still no cure for them, new therapeutic strategies such as the combination of several drugs or the use of existing drugs with new therapeutic applications are valuable strategies. Tetracyclines are traditionally classified as antibiotics. However, in this class of drugs, doxycycline and minocycline exhibit also anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting microglia/macrophages. Hence, they have been studied as potential agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies confirm the effective role of these two drugs as anti-inflammatory agents in experimentally induced models of neurodegenerative diseases. In clinical studies, satisfactory results have been obtained in Multiple sclerosis (MS) but not yet in other disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In recent years, researchers have developed and evaluated nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to improve the clinical efficacy of these two tetracyclines for their potential application in neurodegenerative diseases. This study reviews the neuroprotective roles of minocycline and doxycycline in four of the main neurodegenerative disorders: AD, PD, ALS and MS. Moreover, the potential applications of nanoparticulate delivery systems developed for both tetracyclines are also reviewed.
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