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Liu F, Li G, Lin L. A novel method for selecting the set optimal wavelength combination in multi-spectral transmission image. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120080. [PMID: 34147734 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the process of detecting heterogeneity in breast tissue based on multi-spectral transmission imaging, the detection accuracy will be affected due to the high redundancy degree of information between bands. In order to select the reasonable wavelength combination, this paper uses various nonlinear transformations to convert the multi-spectral images into spectral data for the first time, so as to select the set optimal wavelength combination based on the successive projections algorithm (SPA). Firstly, we design the collection experiment of 4-wavelength multi-spectral image. And then, K-SVD dictionary learning method, texture extraction method and gray correlation analysis method are used to obtain the feature spectral information. Finally, the set optimal wavelength combination is selected based on SPA. The experimental results show that random forest (RF) classification model and Faster-RCNN recognition models effectively verify that the combination of wavelengths 1,2,4 selected has the highest accuracy in the heterogeneous detection. In conclusion, this paper uses modulation-frame accumulation technique to improve the quality of multi-spectral transmission images. And based on the RF and Faster-RCNN models, the effectiveness of SPA-based optimal wavelength combination method proposed is verified, which will provide a new idea of feature wavelength selection for screening early breast masses through multi-spectral transmission imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Yan R, Wang T, Ma X, Zhang X, Zheng R, Zhou Q. Prefrontal inhibition drives formation and dynamic expression of probabilistic Pavlovian fear conditioning. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109503. [PMID: 34380026 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between cause and effect is usually probabilistic. Memories triggered by ambiguous cues may be altered or biased into a more negative perception in psychiatric diseases. Understanding the formation and modulation of this probabilistic association is important for revealing the nature of aversive memory and alterations in brain diseases. We found that 50% conditioned and unconditioned stimuli (CS-US) association during Pavlovian fear conditioning results in reduced fear responses and neural spiking in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) due to enhanced inhibition from dmPFC parvalbumin (PV) neurons. Formation of probabilistic memory is associated with increased synaptic inputs to PV-neurons and requires activation of ventral hippocampus, which detects CS-US mismatch during conditioning. Stress prior to conditioning impairs the formation of probabilistic memory by abolishing PV-neuronal plasticity, while stress prior to memory retrieval reverts enhanced PV-neuron activity. In conclusion, PV-neurons tailor learned responses to fit brain state at the moment of retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PRC
| | - Tianyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PRC
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PRC
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PRC
| | - Rui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PRC
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PRC.
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van de Ven V, Waldorp L, Christoffels I. Hippocampus plays a role in speech feedback processing. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117319. [PMID: 32882376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the hippocampus is involved in language production and verbal communication, although little is known about its possible role. According to one view, hippocampus contributes semantic memory to spoken language. Alternatively, hippocampus is involved in the processing the (mis)match between expected sensory consequences of speaking and the perceived speech feedback. In the current study, we re-analysed functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data of two overt picture-naming studies to test whether hippocampus is involved in speech production and, if so, whether the results can distinguish between a "pure memory" versus a "prediction" account of hippocampal involvement. In both studies, participants overtly named pictures during scanning while hearing their own speech feedback unimpededly or impaired by a superimposed noise mask. Results showed decreased hippocampal activity when speech feedback was impaired, compared to when feedback was unimpeded. Further, we found increased functional coupling between auditory cortex and hippocampus during unimpeded speech feedback, compared to impaired feedback. Finally, we found significant functional coupling between a hippocampal/supplementary motor area (SMA) interaction term and auditory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellum during overt picture naming, but not during listening to one's own pre-recorded voice. These findings indicate that hippocampus plays a role in speech production that is in accordance with a "prediction" view of hippocampal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent van de Ven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Ingrid Christoffels
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Winter W. Behavioral evidence suggestive of frontal lobe pathology in the amnesic H.M. Brain Cogn 2018; 123:136-141. [PMID: 29573701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
From the earliest published reports, Henry Gustav Molaison-who until his death in 2008 was known simply by his initials H.M.-was characterized as having a profound anterograde amnesia subsequent to mid temporal lobe resection, and that this amnestic condition was uncomplicated by other cognitive or behavioral impairments. Post-mortem neuropathological examination has detected-in addition to the expected temporal lobe lesions-previously unreported frontal lobe and white matter pathology, inviting questions concerning the behavioral and cognitive consequences that might result from such lesions. The purpose of this article is to recount published descriptions of a range of anomalous behaviors by H.M. that can not be explained by the memory impairments typically associated with anterograde amnesia, to counter previous claims that these behaviors are attributable to amygdalar damage, and to advance the interpretation that these behaviors are instead consistent with well-documented effects of frontal lobe pathology. Transcripts of interviews with H.M. which feature disjointed, often contradictory, and arguably confabulatory responses are presented in support of this argument.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Winter
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Kingsborough Community College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11235, United States.
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Qiu Z, Zheng T, Wan L, Lu G, Shao J, Yuan J. A new non-contact approach for the measurement and uniformity evaluation of coating thickness for sheet metal. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:015002. [PMID: 28147684 DOI: 10.1063/1.4973668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To realize the automatic measurement and uniformity evaluation of the coating thickness for sheet metal, a new non-contact detection method for coating thickness was proposed based on a double laser probe and mechanical servo system. Non-contact measurement of coating thickness can be achieved by differential measurement principle of double laser probe, and the influences of sheet metal's Z position changes and platform's vibration on the measurement results can be removed by this method. A new coating thickness evaluation algorithm by integrating the least squares principle and cubic spline interpolation was given, which can fit the discrete thickness data into visual and accurate 3D graphics; and the measurement accuracy was evaluated based on grey theory, solving the problem of low accuracy by using limited measurement data to evaluate the thickness uniformity of an entire sheet metal. The stability and reliability of the system are verified by experiments, and the measurement results of the specimen show that the measurement uncertainty is 0.016 μm and the maximum range of the uniformity evaluation result is 1.4 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixue Qiu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Tianchi Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Liping Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Guan Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jianxin Shao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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Yang X, Hu Y, Li G, Lin L. Effect on measurement accuracy of transillumination using sawtooth-shaped-function optical signal. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:115106. [PMID: 27910699 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There exist lots of difficulties in optical transillumination of biological tissues, especially, low-level-light detection and low gray-scale resolution could reduce recognition accuracy of differences in tissue. Aiming at the problems, this paper proposes a method for optical transillumination using sawtooth-shaped-function optical signal and frame accumulation technology to explore the spatial information of heterogeneity in the tissue. Sawtooth-shaped-function optical signal combined with frame accumulation technology is applied to realize the low-level-light image detection, where frame accumulation technology improves the signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity, and sawtooth-shaped-function signal improves gray-scale resolution. The results of the experiment applied on the flat-shaped phantom demonstrated that, compared with the constant intensity optical signal, the application of the sawtooth-shaped-function optical signal effectively improved the gray-scale resolution, thus improved the extraction accuracy on positional feature pixels of heterogeneity. In addition, the sawtooth-shaped-function optical signal reduces the light radiation per unit time and per unit area. Therefore, the proposed illuminated way is more suitable for the imaging of biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yajia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Lin L, Li S, Yan W, Li G. Employment of sawtooth-shaped-function excitation signal and oversampling for improving resistance measurement accuracy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:105104. [PMID: 27802757 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve higher measurement accuracy of routine resistance without increasing the complexity and cost of the system circuit of existing methods, this paper presents a novel method that exploits a shaped-function excitation signal and oversampling technology. The excitation signal source for resistance measurement is modulated by the sawtooth-shaped-function signal, and oversampling technology is employed to increase the resolution and the accuracy of the measurement system. Compared with the traditional method of using constant amplitude excitation signal, this method can effectively enhance the measuring accuracy by almost one order of magnitude and reduce the root mean square error by 3.75 times under the same measurement conditions. The results of experiments show that the novel method can attain the aim of significantly improve the measurement accuracy of resistance on the premise of not increasing the system cost and complexity of the circuit, which is significantly valuable for applying in electronic instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- School of Physics and Electron Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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MacKay DG, Goldstein R. Creativity, Comprehension, Conversation and the Hippocampal Region: New Data and Theory. AIMS Neurosci 2016; 3:105-140. [PMID: 29130066 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2016.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Present findings indicate that hippocampal region (HR) damage impairs aspects of everyday language comprehension and production that require creativity ___ defined as the ability to form new internal representations that satisfy relevant constraints for being useful or valuable in the real world. In two studies, seventeen people participated in extensive face-to-face interviews: sixteen normal individuals and H.M., an amnesic with cerebellar and HR damage but virtually no neocortical damage. Study 1 demonstrated deficits in H.M.'s comprehension of creative but not routine aspects of the interviews ___ extending to the real world twelve prior demonstrations that H.M. understands routine but not novel aspects of experimentally constructed sentences, deficits that reflected his HR damage, but not his cerebellar damage, his explicit or declarative memory problems, inability to comprehend or recall the instructions, forgetting, poor visual acuity, motoric slowing, time pressure, deficits in visual scanning or attentional allocation, lack of motivation, and excessive memory load in the tasks. Study 2 demonstrated similar deficits in H.M.'s ability to produce creative but not routine aspects of conversational discourse, extending findings in five prior sentence production experiments to real-world creativity. We discuss conceptual frameworks for explaining relations between new-and-useful creativity and the HR.
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Huang TT, Leu D, Zou Y. Oxidative stress and redox regulation on hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 576:2-7. [PMID: 25797440 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions rely on production of new neurons and maintenance of dendritic structures to provide the synaptic plasticity needed for learning and formation of new memories. Hippocampal formation is exquisitely sensitive to patho-physiological changes, and reduced antioxidant capacity and exposure to low dose irradiation can significantly impede hippocampal-dependent functions of learning and memory by reducing the production of new neurons and alter dendritic structures in the hippocampus. Although the mechanism leading to impaired cognitive functions is complex, persistent oxidative stress likely plays an important role in the SOD-deficient and radiation-exposed hippocampal environment. Aging is associated with increased production of pro-oxidants and accumulation of oxidative end products. Similar to the hippocampal defects observed in SOD-deficient mice and mice exposed to low dose irradiation, reduced capacity in learning and memory, diminishing hippocampal neurogenesis, and altered dendritic network are universal in the aging brains. Given the similarities in cellular and structural changes in the aged, SOD-deficient, and radiation-exposed hippocampal environment and the corresponding changes in cognitive decline, understanding the shared underlying mechanism will provide more flexible and efficient use of SOD deficiency or irradiation to model age-related changes in cognitive functions and identify potential therapeutic or intervention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Huang
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - David Leu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yani Zou
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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