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Jenkinson PM, Rossell SL. Disturbed interoception in body dysmorphic disorder: A framework for future research. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2024; 58:300-307. [PMID: 38054446 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231215030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder is a severe psychiatric condition characterised by a preoccupation with a perceived appearance flaw or flaws that are typically not observable to others. Although significant advances in understanding the disorder have been made in the past decade, current explanations focus on cognitive, behavioural and visual perceptual disturbances that contribute to the disorder. Such a focus does not consider how perception of the internal body or interoception may be involved, despite (1) clinical observations of disturbed perception of the body in body dysmorphic disorder and (2) disturbed interoception being increasingly recognised as a transdiagnostic factor underlying a wide range of psychopathologies. In this paper, we use an existing model of hierarchical brain function and neural (predictive) processing to propose that body dysmorphic disorder involves defective interoception, with perceived appearance flaws being the result of 'interoceptive prediction errors' that cause body parts to be experienced as 'not just right'. We aim to provide a framework for interoceptive research into body dysmorphic disorder, and outline areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Jenkinson
- Institute for Social Neuroscience (ISN) Psychology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Smith JL, Diekfuss JA, Dudley JA, Ahluwalia V, Zuleger TM, Slutsky-Ganesh AB, Yuan W, Foss KDB, Gore RK, Myer GD, Allen JW. Visuo-vestibular and cognitive connections of the vestibular neuromatrix are conserved across age and injury populations. J Neuroimaging 2023; 33:1003-1014. [PMID: 37303280 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Given the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in pediatric concussion, there is a need to better understand pathophysiological disruptions within vestibular and associated cognitive, affective, and sensory-integrative networks. Although current research leverages established intrinsic connectivity networks, these are nonspecific for vestibular function, suggesting that a pathologically guided approach is warranted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the generalizability of the previously identified "vestibular neuromatrix" in adults with and without postconcussive vestibular dysfunction to young athletes aged 14-17. METHODS This retrospective study leveraged resting-state functional MRI data from two sites. Site A included adults with diagnosed postconcussive vestibular impairment and healthy adult controls and Site B consisted of young athletes with preseason, postconcussion, and postseason time points (prospective longitudinal data). Adjacency matrices were generated from preprocessed resting-state data from each sample and assessed for overlap and network structure in MATLAB. RESULTS Analyses indicated the presence of a conserved "core" network of vestibular regions as well as areas subserving visual, spatial, and attentional processing. Other vestibular connections were also conserved across samples but were not linked to the "core" subnetwork by regions of interest included in this study. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that connections between central vestibular, visuospatial, and known intrinsic connectivity networks are conserved across adult and pediatric participants with and without concussion, evincing the significance of this expanded, vestibular-associated network. Our findings thus support this network as a workable model for investigation in future studies of dysfunction in young athlete populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jed A Diekfuss
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, Georgia, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan A Dudley
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vishwadeep Ahluwalia
- Georgia State University/Georgia Tech Center for Advanced Brain Imaging (CABI), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Taylor M Zuleger
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, Georgia, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexis B Slutsky-Ganesh
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Weihong Yuan
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Division of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kim D Barber Foss
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, Georgia, USA
| | - Russell K Gore
- Mild TBI Brain Health and Recovery Lab, Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory D Myer
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, Georgia, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Wales, UK
| | - Jason W Allen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lin C, Liu D, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wei X, Liu H, Wang K, Liu T, Xiao L, Rong L. Altered functional activity of the precuneus and superior temporal gyrus in patients with residual dizziness caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1221579. [PMID: 37901419 PMCID: PMC10600499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1221579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common clinical vertigo disease, and the most effective treatment for this disease is canal repositioning procedures (CRP). Most patients return to normal after a single treatment. However, some patients still experience residual dizziness (RD) after treatment, and this disease's pathogenesis is currently unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether there are abnormal brain functional activities in patients with RD by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and to provide imaging evidence for the study of the pathogenesis of RD. Materials and methods The BPPV patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University had been included from December 2021 to November 2022. All patients had been received the collection of demographic and clinical characteristics (age, gender, involved semicircular canal, affected side, CRP times, BPPV course, duration of RD symptoms, and whether they had hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease.), scale assessment, including Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Hamilton Anxiety Inventory (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Inventory (HAMD), rs-fMRI data collection, CRP treatment, and then a one-month follow-up. According to the follow-up results, 18 patients with RD were included. At the same time, we selected 19 healthy individuals from our hospital's physical examination center who matched their age, gender as health controls (HC). First, the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) analysis method was used to compare the local functional activities of the two groups of subjects. Then, the brain regions with different ALFF results were extracted as seed points. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis method based on seed points was used to explore the whole brain FC of patients with RD. Finally, a correlation analysis between clinical features and rs-fMRI data was performed. Results Compared to the HC, patients with RD showed lower ALFF value in the right precuneus and higher ALFF value in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). When using the right STG as a seed point, it was found that the FC between the right STG, the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and the left precuneus was decreased in RD patients. However, no significant abnormalities in the FC were observed when using the right precuneus as a seed point. Conclusion In patients with RD, the local functional activity of the right precuneus is weakened, and the local functional activity of the right STG is enhanced. Furthermore, the FC between the right STG, the right SMG, and the left precuneus is weakened. These changes may explain the symptoms of dizziness, floating sensation, walking instability, neck tightness, and other symptoms in patients with RD to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxin Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueji Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiue Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijie Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangqun Rong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Özkan E, Özler C, Akar K, Youssef H, Özmen K, Şen ZD, Vural A, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y. Individual-based predominance of visual input in multisensorial integration for balance is correlated with proprioceptive drift in rubber hand illusion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11905. [PMID: 37488214 PMCID: PMC10366093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a traditional task that examines multisensory integration. The visual capture of tactile stimulus given to the seen rubber hand was considered to predominate the sensory processing and interfere with the bottom-up proprioceptive and tactile inputs received from the unseen real hand that results in mislocalization of participants hand towards rubber hand, namely proprioceptive drift (PD). Another task that requires multisensorial integration and shows a predominance of visual input is the maintenance of body posture. However, if the predominance of visual input in one task is generalizable to another task is yet to be elucidated. We aimed to examine if individual dependency on visual inputs in multisensorial integration in balance correlated with PD in RHI. Twenty healthy participants were recruited for the study and completed the RHI task. The contribution of visual inputs to the static body balance was measured with the instrumented clinical test of sensory interaction for balance and indexed with Romberg Quotient (RQ). We found a moderate positive correlation between PD and RQ. Individuals with more dependence on visual information in maintaining body posture had higher PD in RHI. Our results indicate that there can be an individual-based dependence on particular domains of sensory input preserved during different tasks of multisensorial integration. Future studies must clarify whether this tendency relates to certain physical or physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Özkan
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University Hospital, Zeytinburnu, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ceyda Özler
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University Hospital, Zeytinburnu, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kardelen Akar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University Hospital, Zeytinburnu, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hussein Youssef
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University Hospital, Zeytinburnu, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaan Özmen
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University Hospital, Zeytinburnu, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zümrüt Duygu Şen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health, DZP, Jena, Germany
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Atay Vural
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University Hospital, Zeytinburnu, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University Hospital, Zeytinburnu, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gammeri R, Salatino A, Pyasik M, Cirillo E, Zavattaro C, Serra H, Pia L, Roberts DR, Berti A, Ricci R. Modulation of vestibular input by short-term head-down bed rest affects somatosensory perception: implications for space missions. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1197278. [PMID: 37529715 PMCID: PMC10390228 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1197278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction On Earth, self-produced somatosensory stimuli are typically perceived as less intense than externally generated stimuli of the same intensity, a phenomenon referred to as somatosensory attenuation (SA). Although this phenomenon arises from the integration of multisensory signals, the specific contribution of the vestibular system and the sense of gravity to somatosensory cognition underlying distinction between self-generated and externally generated sensations remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether temporary modulation of the gravitational input by head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR)-a well-known Earth-based analog of microgravity-might significantly affect somatosensory perception of self- and externally generated stimuli. Methods In this study, 40 healthy participants were tested using short-term HDBR. Participants received a total of 40 non-painful self- and others generated electrical stimuli (20 self- and 20 other-generated stimuli) in an upright and HDBR position while blindfolded. After each stimulus, they were asked to rate the perceived intensity of the stimulation on a Likert scale. Results Somatosensory stimulations were perceived as significantly less intense during HDBR compared to upright position, regardless of the agent administering the stimulus. In addition, the magnitude of SA in upright position was negatively correlated with the participants' somatosensory threshold. Based on the direction of SA in the upright position, participants were divided in two subgroups. In the subgroup experiencing SA, the intensity rating of stimulations generated by others decreased significantly during HDBR, leading to the disappearance of the phenomenon of SA. In the second subgroup, on the other hand, reversed SA was not affected by HDBR. Conclusion Modulation of the gravitational input by HDBR produced underestimation of somatosensory stimuli. Furthermore, in participants experiencing SA, the reduction of vestibular inputs by HDBR led to the disappearance of the SA phenomenon. These findings provide new insights into the role of the gravitational input in somatosensory perception and have important implications for astronauts who are exposed to weightlessness during space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gammeri
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriana Salatino
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Pyasik
- SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness (SAMBA) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cirillo
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Zavattaro
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hilary Serra
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pia
- SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness (SAMBA) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Donna R. Roberts
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Anna Berti
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- SpAtial, Motor and Bodily Awareness (SAMBA) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ricci
- Space, Attention and Action (SAN) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Wang X, Shao X, Yu R, Wang Y, Deng F, Adams R, Han J. Acute effects of kinesiology tape on dynamic balance control in chronic ankle instability: An exploratory study. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 62:65-70. [PMID: 37399706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the acute effect of the four-strip kinesiology taping (KT) technique on dynamic balance control in the Y Balance Test (YBT), and to explore the relationship between the YBT and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). METHODS 16 CAI and 16 non-CAI participants were involved. Two groups completed the YBT in the no-tape barefoot and the KT condition at random. The CAIT was completed on the first day. Bonferroni test was used to analyze YBT scores in three directions for post hoc analysis. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the relationship between YBT scores in the no-tape barefoot condition and CAIT scores. RESULTS This KT application significantly improved YBT performance. The YBT scores in the anterior direction (YBT-A), posteromedial direction (YBT-PM), and posterolateral direction (YBT-PL) for the CAI group were significantly improved after taping. However, in the non-CAI group, only YBT-PM score was significantly improved after taping. Three YBT scores were all moderately correlated with the CAIT score. CONCLUSION This KT technique can immediately improve dynamic balance in CAI patients. Dynamic balance performance was moderately related to the degree of self-perceived instability in individuals with and without CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuerong Shao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoni Yu
- School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yudi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Nursing, Chengdu College of Arts and Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fawei Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sports and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jia Han
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, ACT, Australia.
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Smith JL, Ahluwalia V, Gore RK, Allen JW. Eagle-449: A volumetric, whole-brain compilation of brain atlases for vestibular functional MRI research. Sci Data 2023; 10:29. [PMID: 36641517 PMCID: PMC9840609 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-01938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human vestibular processing involves distributed networks of cortical and subcortical regions which perform sensory and multimodal integrative functions. These functional hubs are also interconnected with areas subserving cognitive, affective, and body-representative domains. Analysis of these diverse components of the vestibular and vestibular-associated networks, and synthesis of their holistic functioning, is therefore vital to our understanding of the genesis of vestibular dysfunctions and aid treatment development. Novel neuroimaging methodologies, including functional and structural connectivity analyses, have provided important contributions in this area, but often require the use of atlases which are comprised of well-defined a priori regions of interest. Investigating vestibular dysfunction requires a more detailed atlas that encompasses cortical, subcortical, cerebellar, and brainstem regions. The present paper represents an effort to establish a compilation of existing, peer-reviewed brain atlases which collectively afford comprehensive coverage of these regions while explicitly focusing on vestibular substrates. It is expected that this compilation will be iteratively improved with additional contributions from researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L. Smith
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA
| | - Vishwadeep Ahluwalia
- grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia USA ,grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400GSU/GT Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Atlanta, Georgia USA
| | - Russell K. Gore
- grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia USA ,grid.419148.10000 0004 0384 2537Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia USA
| | - Jason W. Allen
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA ,grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia USA
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Kearney BE, Lanius RA. The brain-body disconnect: A somatic sensory basis for trauma-related disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1015749. [PMID: 36478879 PMCID: PMC9720153 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1015749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the manifestation of trauma in the body is a phenomenon well-endorsed by clinicians and traumatized individuals, the neurobiological underpinnings of this manifestation remain unclear. The notion of somatic sensory processing, which encompasses vestibular and somatosensory processing and relates to the sensory systems concerned with how the physical body exists in and relates to physical space, is introduced as a major contributor to overall regulatory, social-emotional, and self-referential functioning. From a phylogenetically and ontogenetically informed perspective, trauma-related symptomology is conceptualized to be grounded in brainstem-level somatic sensory processing dysfunction and its cascading influences on physiological arousal modulation, affect regulation, and higher-order capacities. Lastly, we introduce a novel hierarchical model bridging somatic sensory processes with limbic and neocortical mechanisms regulating an individual's emotional experience and sense of a relational, agentive self. This model provides a working framework for the neurobiologically informed assessment and treatment of trauma-related conditions from a somatic sensory processing perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne E. Kearney
- Department of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth A. Lanius
- Department of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Sensory Perception Mechanism for Preparing the Combinations of Stimuli Operation in the Architectural Experience. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensory stimuli in an architectural space play an important role in the human perception of the indoor environment, no matter whether they are static or dynamic, isolated, or combined. By enhancing some perceptions in the sensory stimuli, the overall perceptions of an architectural space can be improved, especially for an intelligent architectural space. As yet, there are few studies reported about the sensory perception mechanism for the sensory stimuli operation in the architectural experience. In this research, a wooden micro building was prepared for the study of the sensitivity level of participants to various sensory stimuli in the same and in different sensory domains. Participants’ visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and kinaesthesia perceptions were discussed statistically in terms of the sensitivity level. Based on the study, the effect of a single dynamic sensory stimulus (a dynamically coloured light) on the participants’ perception was studied in a paper architectural model from two aspects including preference and emotion. The dynamically coloured light was discussed statistically in terms of the level of preference. The study showed that there are significant differences among participants’ levels of sensitivity to the different sensory domains and to the different sensory stimuli. In particular, the sensitivity level to the stimulus that is the colour of a space is the highest of all stimuli. As a single changing sensory stimulus, a dynamically coloured light can lead to significant mood fluctuations and changes in the preference level. In particular, yellow is the favourite colour of light. The object of this study is expected to provide a theoretical foundation that is related to sensory choice, sensory perception enhancement and the combination forms of sensory perceptions. Based on the theoretical foundation, the perception design of overlapped multi-sensory stimuli and a single dynamic stimulus can be conducted to improve the quality of the indoor environment of normal and intelligent multi-sensory architecture.
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The rubber hand illusion in microgravity and water immersion. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:15. [PMID: 35523786 PMCID: PMC9076892 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Our body has evolved in terrestrial gravity and altered gravitational conditions may affect the sense of body ownership (SBO). By means of the rubber hand illusion (RHI), we investigated the SBO during water immersion and parabolic flights, where unconventional gravity is experienced. Our results show that unconventional gravity conditions remodulate the relative weights of visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular inputs favoring vision, thus inducing an increased RHI susceptibility.
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11
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Kwon J, Iedema A. Body and the Senses in Spatial Experience: The Implications of Kinesthetic and Synesthetic Perceptions for Design Thinking. Front Psychol 2022; 13:864009. [PMID: 35465574 PMCID: PMC9023008 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human perception has long been a critical subject of design thinking. While various studies have stressed the link between thinking and acting, particularly in spatial experience, the term "design thinking" seems to disconnect conceptual thinking from physical expression or process. Spatial perception is multimodal and fundamentally bound to the body that is not a mere receptor of sensory stimuli but an active agent engaged with the perceivable environment. The body apprehends the experience in which one's kinesthetic engagement and knowledge play an essential role. Although design disciplines have integrated the abstract, metaphoric, and visual aspects of the body and its movement into conceptual thinking, studies have pointed out that design disciplines have emphasized visuality above the other sensory domains and heavily engaged with the perception of visual configurations, relying on the Gestalt principles. Gestalt psychology must be valued for its attention to a whole. However, the theories of design elements and principles over-empathizing such visuality posit the aesthetics of design mainly as visual value and understate other sensorial and perceptual aspects. Although the visual approach may provide a practical means to represent and communicate ideas, a design process heavily driven by visuality can exhibit weaknesses undermining certain aspects of spatial experience despite the complexity. Grounded in Merleau-Ponty's notion of multisensory perception, this article discusses the relationship between body awareness and spatial perception and its implication for design disciplines concerning built environments. Special attention is given to the concepts of kinesthetic and synesthetic phenomena known as multisensory and cross-sensory, respectively. This discussion integrates the corporeal and spatiotemporal realms of human experience into the discourse of kinesthetic and synesthetic perceptions. Based on the conceptual, theoretical, and precedent analyses, this article proposes three models for design thinking: Synesthetic Translation, Kinesthetic Resonance, and Kinesthetic Engagement. To discuss the concepts rooted in action-based perception and embodied cognition, this study borrows the neurological interpretation of haptic perception, interoception, and proprioception of space. This article suggests how consideration of the kinesthetic or synesthetic body can deepen and challenge the existing models of the perceptual aspects of environmental psychology adopted in design disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jain Kwon
- Interior Architecture and Design, Department of Design and Merchandising, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Alyssa Iedema
- Interior Architecture and Design, Department of Design and Merchandising, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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12
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Poovaiah P, Rajasekaran AK, Yuvraj P, Belur YK, Atchayaram N. Audiovestibular Dysfunction in Siblings with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 4F: A Case Series. J Am Acad Audiol 2022; 32:616-624. [PMID: 35176805 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4F (CMT4F) is an autosomal recessive disorder with symptoms presenting in early adulthood. This clinical case series demonstrates atypical findings in cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) in siblings with CMT4F. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to highlight the audiovestibular test findings in CMT4F. RESEARCH DESIGN Case series study sample: 4 siblings, 3 of whom diagnosed with CMT4F. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Audiological test battery and electrophysiological tests comprising auditory brainstem response (ABR) and VEMP (both cervical and ocular) were performed in our patient population. RESULTS Older siblings, in whom the hearing loss was present, manifested prolonged peak V latencies in ABR. Three out of four siblings with CMT4F showed prolongation of latencies on cervical and ocular VEMP. CONCLUSIONS In many neurodegenerative conditions, prolongation of ABR peak latencies has often been reported in the literature. There have also been a few reports of prolonged VEMP peak latencies. This article reports prolongation of only VEMP peak latencies (in both cervical and ocular recordings). The youngest sibling had prolongation of VEMP latencies, with ABR peak latencies being normal. The assumption we put forth that CMT4F may affect the vestibular pathway first requires to be tested on a larger sample and by longitudinally studying the individuals with disease condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashasti Poovaiah
- Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rajasekaran
- Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Yuvraj
- Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Yamini K Belur
- Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nalini Atchayaram
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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13
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Thériault R, Landry M, Raz A. EXPRESS: The Rubber Hand Illusion: Top-Down Attention Modulates Embodiment. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2022; 75:2129-2148. [PMID: 35073801 PMCID: PMC9516612 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221078858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) creates distortions of body ownership
through multimodal integration of somatosensory and visual inputs.
This illusion largely rests on bottom-up (automatic multisensory and
perceptual integration) mechanisms. However, the relative contribution
from top-down factors, such as controlled processes involving
attentional regulation, remains unclear. Following previous work that
highlights the putative influence of higher-order cognition in the
RHI, we aimed to further examine how modulations of working memory
load and task instructions—two conditions engaging top-down cognitive
processes—influence the experience of the RHI, as indexed by a number
of psychometric dimensions. Relying on exploratory factor analysis for
assessing this phenomenology within the RHI, our results confirm the
influence of higher-order, top-down mental processes. Whereas task
instruction strongly modulated embodiment of the rubber hand,
cognitive load altered the affective dimension of the RHI. Our
findings corroborate that top-down processes shape the phenomenology
of the RHI and herald new ways to improve experimental control over
the RHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Thériault
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University 14845.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University
| | - Mathieu Landry
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University 5620.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute
| | - Amir Raz
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University 5620.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University.,The Lady Davis Institute at the SMBD Jewish General Hospital
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14
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Smith JL, Trofimova A, Ahluwalia V, Casado Garrido JJ, Hurtado J, Frank R, Hodge A, Gore RK, Allen JW. The "vestibular neuromatrix": A proposed, expanded vestibular network from graph theory in post-concussive vestibular dysfunction. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1501-1518. [PMID: 34862683 PMCID: PMC8886666 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent clinical and neuroimaging evidence suggests that higher vestibular function is subserved by a distributed network including visuospatial, cognitive-affective, proprioceptive, and integrative brain regions. Clinical vestibular syndromes may perturb this network, resulting in deficits across a variety of functional domains. Here, we leverage structural and functional neuroimaging to characterize this extended network in healthy control participants and patients with post-concussive vestibular dysfunction (PCVD). Then, 27 healthy control subjects (15 females) and 18 patients with subacute PCVD (12 female) were selected for participation. Eighty-two regions of interest (network nodes) were identified based on previous publications, group-wise differences in BOLD signal amplitude and connectivity, and multivariate pattern analysis on affective tests. Group-specific "core" networks, as well as a "consensus" network comprised of connections common to all participants, were then generated based on probabilistic tractography and functional connectivity between the 82 nodes and subjected to analyses of node centrality and community structure. Whereas the consensus network was comprised of affective, integrative, and vestibular nodes, PCVD participants exhibited diminished integration and centrality among vestibular and affective nodes and increased centrality of visual, supplementary motor, and frontal and cingulate eye field nodes. Clinical outcomes, derived from dynamic posturography, were associated with approximately 62% of all connections but best predicted by amygdalar, prefrontal, and cingulate connectivity. No group-wise differences in diffusion metrics or tractography were noted. These findings indicate that cognitive, affective, and proprioceptive substrates contribute to vestibular processing and performance and highlight the need to consider these domains during clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Trofimova
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vishwadeep Ahluwalia
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose J Casado Garrido
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Russell K Gore
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jason W Allen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Riva G, Serino S, Di Lernia D, Pagnini F. Regenerative Virtual Therapy: The Use of Multisensory Technologies and Mindful Attention for Updating the Altered Representations of the Bodily Self. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:749268. [PMID: 34803617 PMCID: PMC8595209 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.749268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “regenerative medicine” (RM) indicates an emerging trend in biomedical sciences that aims at replacing, engineering, or regenerating human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. So far, the focus of RM has been the physical body. Neuroscience, however, is now suggesting that mental disorders can be broadly characterized by a dysfunction in the way the brain computes and integrates the representations of the inner and outer body across time [bodily self-consciousness (BSC)]. In this perspective, we proposed a new kind of clinical intervention, i.e., “Regenerative Virtual Therapy” (RVT), which integrates knowledge from different disciplines, from neuroscience to computational psychiatry, to regenerate a distorted or faulty BSC. The main goal of RVT was to use technology-based somatic modification techniques to restructure the maladaptive bodily representations behind a pathological condition. Specifically, starting from a Bayesian model of our BSC (i.e., body matrix), we suggested the use of mindful attention, cognitive reappraisal, and brain stimulation techniques merged with high-rewarding and novel synthetic multisensory bodily experience (i.e., a virtual reality full-body illusion in sync with a low predictabIlity interoceptive modulation) to rewrite a faulty experience of the body and to regenerate the wellbeing of an individual. The use of RVT will also offer an unprecedented experimental overview of the dynamics of our bodily representations, allowing the reverse-engineering of their functioning for hacking them using advanced technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Humane Technology Laboratory, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Serino
- Humane Technology Laboratory, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Lernia
- Humane Technology Laboratory, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Pagnini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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16
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Brewer R, Murphy J, Bird G. Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:470-508. [PMID: 34358578 PMCID: PMC8522807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of a categorial approach to mental health diagnosis is now well-recognised, with many authors, diagnostic manuals and funding bodies advocating a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to mental health research. Variance in interoception, the ability to perceive one's internal bodily state, is reported across diagnostic boundaries, and is associated with atypical functioning across symptom categories. Drawing on behavioural and neuroscientific evidence, we outline current research on the contribution of interoception to numerous cognitive and affective abilities (in both typical and clinical populations), and describe the interoceptive atypicalities seen in a range of psychiatric conditions. We discuss the role that interoception may play in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, as well as the ways in which interoception may differ across clinical presentations. A number of important areas for further research on the role of interoception in psychopathology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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17
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Panagiotopoulou E, Crucianelli L, Lemma A, Fotopoulou A. Identifying with the beautiful: Facial attractiveness effects on unisensory and multisensory self-other distinction. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:1314-1329. [PMID: 34609225 PMCID: PMC9131399 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People tend to evaluate their own traits and abilities favourably and such favourable self-perceptions extend to attractiveness. However, the exact mechanism underlying this self-enhancement bias remains unclear. One possibility could be the identification with attractive others through blurring of self–other boundaries. Across two experiments, we used the enfacement illusion to investigate the effect of others’ attractiveness in the multisensory perception of the self. In Experiment 1 (N = 35), participants received synchronous or asynchronous interpersonal visuo-tactile stimulation with an attractive and non-attractive face. In Experiment 2 (N = 35), two new faces were used and spatial incongruency was introduced as a control condition. The results showed that increased ratings of attractiveness of an unfamiliar face lead to blurring of self–other boundaries, allowing the identification of our psychological self with another’s physical self and specifically their face, and this seems to be unrelated to perceived own attractiveness. The effect of facial attractiveness on face ownership showed dissociable mechanisms, with multisensory integration modulating the effect on similarity but not identification, an effect that may be purely based on vision. Overall, our findings suggest that others’ attractiveness may lead to positive distortions of the self. This research provides a psychophysical starting point for studying the impact of others’ attractiveness on self-face recognition, which can be particularly important for individuals with malleable, embodied self–other boundaries and body image disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Panagiotopoulou
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,Postgraduate Studies, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Laura Crucianelli
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Lemma
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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18
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Baiano C, Job X, Santangelo G, Auvray M, Kirsch LP. Interactions between interoception and perspective-taking: Current state of research and future directions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:252-262. [PMID: 34400177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interoception, the sense of the physiological state of the body, and perspective-taking, the ability to take another's point of view, are two fundamental components contributing to our perception and interaction with the external world. However, whether the perception of our inner body influences how we perceive the external world and other people remains poorly understood. Here, we review recent behavioural and neuroimaging evidence investigating the links between dimensions of interoception (i.e., accuracy, sensibility and awareness) and perspective-taking (i.e., affective, cognitive and visual). So far, only a limited subset of these dimensions has been investigated together and the results suggest that interoceptive abilities may only interact with perspective-taking when embodied mental transformations are required. Furthermore, mainly the emotional aspects of perspective-taking are related to interoception, influencing the ability to empathise with others. Future research should systematically investigate the links between all dimensions of interoception and perspective-taking to provide full understanding of the specific role interoception has on how we perceive the world and take another's point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - Xavier Job
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Malika Auvray
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Louise P Kirsch
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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19
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Wilkes M, Long G, Charles R, Massey H, Eglin C, Tipton MJ. Paraglider Reserve Parachute Deployment Under Radial Acceleration. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2021; 92:579-587. [PMID: 34503632 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.5854.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The paragliding reserve parachute system is safety-critical but underused, unstandardized, and known to fail. This study aimed to characterize reserve parachute deployment under radial acceleration to make recommendations for system design and paraglider pilot training.METHODS: There were 88 licensed amateur paraglider pilots who were filmed deploying their reserve parachutes from a centrifuge. Of those, 43 traveled forward at 4 G simulating a spiral dive, and 45 traveled backward at 3 G simulating a rotational maneuver known as SAT. Tests incorporated ecologically valid body, hand, and gaze positions, and cognitive loading and switching akin to real deployment. The footage was reviewed by subject matter experts and compared to previous work in linear acceleration.RESULTS: Of the pilots, 2.3 failed to extract the reserve container from the harness. SAT appeared more cognitively demanding than spiral, despite lower G. Participants located the reserve handle by touch not sight. The direction of travel influenced their initial contact with the harness: 82.9 searched first on their hip in spiral, 63.4 searched first on their thigh in SAT. Search patterns followed skeletal landmarks. Participants had little directional control over their throw.CONCLUSIONS: Paraglider pilots are part of the reserve system. Maladaptive behaviors observed under stress highlighted that components must work in harmony with pilots natural responses, with minimal cognitive demands or need for innovation or problem-solving. Recommendations include positioning prominent, tactile reserve handles overlying the pilots hip; deployment bags extractable with any angle of pull; deployment in a single sweeping backward action; and significantly increasing reserve deployment drills.Wilkes M, Long G, Charles R, Massey H, Eglin C, Tipton MJ. Paraglider reserve parachute deployment under radial acceleration. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):579587.
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20
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Abstract
Accurate localization of touch requires the integration of two reference frames-an internal (e.g., anatomical) and an external (e.g., spatial). Using a tactile temporal order judgement task with the hands crossed over the midline, we investigated the integration of these two reference frames. We manipulated the reliability of the visual and vestibular information, both of which contribute to the external reference frame. Visual information was manipulated between experiments (Experiment 1 was done with full vision and Experiment 2 was done while wearing a blindfold). Vestibular information was manipulated in both experiments by having the two groups of participants complete the task in both an upright posture and one where they were lying down on their side. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model, we estimated the perceptual weight applied to these reference frames. Lying participants on their side reduced the weight applied to the external reference frame and produced a smaller deficit; blindfolding resulted in similar reductions. These findings reinforce the importance of the visual system when weighting tactile reference frames, and highlight the importance of the vestibular system in this integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaian Unwalla
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Michelle L Cadieux
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - David I Shore
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Multisensory Perception Laboratory, a Division of the Multisensory Mind Inc., Hamilton, ON, Canada
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21
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Cruciani G, Zanini L, Russo V, Mirabella M, Palamoutsi EM, Spitoni GF. Strengths and weaknesses of affective touch studies over the lifetime: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:1-24. [PMID: 33891971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
C-Tactile (CT) fibers are activated by slow, caress-like stimulations, and convey a specific tactile processing of hedonic and interpersonal components, defined as affective touch. Given the beneficial effects deriving from affective tactile experiences in social interactions at all ages, a systematic review of experimental studies on affective touch perception across the lifespan was performed with the aims of 1) examining whether and how affective touch has been studied in a systematic manner throughout the lifespan; 2) verifying whether the pleasantness associated to affective stimulations is found during the entire lifespan. Empirical human studies on affective touch were searched in two databases (PubMed, PsychINFO) and 112 articles were retrieved. Results indicated that most of the studies recruited participants with a mean age ranging from 18 to 40 years, whereas other age ranges came out as under-represented or not represented at all. Despite high heterogeneity across studies, affective touch was considered as a pleasant experience across the lifetime, and it was associated to specific psychophysiological patterns in infants and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Cruciani
- Department of Psychology, PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Zanini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Mirabella
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Fernanda Spitoni
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, Rome, Italy; Cognitive and Motor Rehabilitation and Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, Rome, Italy
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22
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Phillips D, Zahariev A, Karduna A. Shoulder Joint Position Sense Can Be Reduced by Sensory Reference Frame Transformations. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:938-951. [PMID: 33593118 DOI: 10.1177/0031512521993040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Joint position sense (JPS) is commonly evaluated using an angle replication protocol with vision occluded. However, multiple sources of sensory information are integrated when moving limbs accurately, not just proprioception. The purpose of this study was to examine different availability of vision during an active JPS protocol at the shoulder. Specifically, the effects of four conditions of vision availability were examined for three target shoulder elevation angles (50°, 70° & 90°): vision occluded continuously (P-P); vision available continuously (VP-VP); vision occluded only during target memorization (P-VP); and vision occluded only during target position replication (VP-P). There were 18 participants (M age = 21, SD = 1 years). We used separate repeated ANOVAs to examine the effect of condition and target angle on participants' absolute error (AE, a measure of accuracy) and constant error (CE, a measure of directional bias). We found a significant main effect for condition and angle for both dependent variables (p < 0.01), and follow-up analysis indicated that participants were most accurate in the VP-VP condition and least accurate in the P-VP condition. Further follow-up analysis showed that accuracy improved with higher target elevation angles, consistent with previous research findings. Constant error results were similar, as there was a prominent tendency to overshoot the target. Unsurprisingly, participants performed best at the angle replication protocol with their eyes open. However, while accuracy was reduced when vision was occluded during target memorization, it was restored during target replication. This finding may have indicated an accuracy cost due to introduced noise when transforming sensory information from a proprioceptive reference frame into a visual reference frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Phillips
- Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States
| | - Albena Zahariev
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon , Eugene, United States
| | - Andrew Karduna
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon , Eugene, United States
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23
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Carey M, Crucianelli L, Preston C, Fotopoulou A. The role of affective touch in whole-body embodiment remains equivocal. Conscious Cogn 2021; 87:103059. [PMID: 33296853 PMCID: PMC7116849 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted that affective touch delivered at slow velocities (1-10 cm/s) enhances body-part embodiment during multisensory illusions, yet its role towards whole-body embodiment is less established. Across two experiments, we investigated the role of affective touch towards subjective embodiment of a whole mannequin body within the full body illusion, amongst healthy females. Participants perceived affective touch to be more pleasant than non-affective touch, but this did not enhance subjective embodiment within the illusion and no interaction between synchrony (Experiment 1), or congruency (Experiment 2), and the velocity of touch was observed. Finally, the perceived pleasantness of touch was not modulated by subthreshold eating disorder psychopathology, as measured by means of a self-report questionnaire. Therefore, the present findings suggest that enhancement of embodiment due to affective touch may be body-part specific, and not generalise to greater ownership towards a whole body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Carey
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Crucianelli
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
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Herman AM, Palmer C, Azevedo RT, Tsakiris M. Neural divergence and convergence for attention to and detection of interoceptive and somatosensory stimuli. Cortex 2020; 135:186-206. [PMID: 33385747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Body awareness is constructed by signals originating from within and outside the body. How do these apparently divergent signals converge? We developed a signal detection task to study the neural convergence and divergence of interoceptive and somatosensory signals. Participants focused on either cardiac or tactile events and reported their presence or absence. Beyond some evidence of divergence, we observed a robust overlap in the pattern of activation evoked across both conditions in frontal areas including the insular cortex, as well as parietal and occipital areas, and for both attention and detection of these signals. Psycho-physiological interaction analysis revealed that right insular cortex connectivity was modulated by the conscious detection of cardiac compared to somatosensory sensations, with greater connectivity to occipito-parietal regions when attending to cardiac signals. Our findings speak in favour of the inherent convergence of bodily-related signals and move beyond the apparent antagonism between exteroception and interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Herman
- Lab of Action and Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK.
| | - Clare Palmer
- ABCD Coordinating Center, Center for Human Development (CHD), University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Manos Tsakiris
- Lab of Action and Body, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK; The Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, University of London, UK; Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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25
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Crucianelli L, Demartini B, Goeta D, Nisticò V, Saramandi A, Bertelli S, Todisco P, Gambini O, Fotopoulou A. The Anticipation and Perception of Affective Touch in Women with and Recovered from Anorexia Nervosa. Neuroscience 2020; 464:143-155. [PMID: 32937191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions in reward processing and anhedonia have long been observed in Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Interoceptive deficits have also been observed in AN, including reduced tactile pleasure. However, the extent to which this tactile anhedonia is specifically liked to an impairment in a specialised, interoceptive C-tactile system originating at the periphery, or a more top-down mechanism in the processing of tactile pleasantness remains debated. Here, we investigated differences between patients with and recovered from AN (RAN) and healthy controls (HC) in the perception of pleasantness of touch delivered in a CT-optimal versus a CT-non-optimal manner, and in their top-down, anticipatory beliefs about the perceived pleasantness of touch. To this end, we measured the anticipated pleasantness of various materials touching the skin and the perceived pleasantness of light, dynamic touch applied to the forearm of 27 women with AN, 24 women who have recovered and 30 HCs using C Tactile (CT) afferents-optimal (slow) and non-optimal (fast) velocities. Our results showed that both clinical groups anticipated tactile experiences and rated delivered tactile stimuli as less pleasant than HCs, but the latter difference was not related to the CT optimality of the stimulation. Instead, differences in the perception of CT-optimal touch were predicted by differences in top-down beliefs, alexithymia and interoceptive sensibility. Thus, tactile anhedonia in AN might persist as a trait even after otherwise successful recovery of AN and it is not linked to a bottom-up interoceptive deficit in the CT system, but rather to a learned, defective top-down anticipation of tactile pleasantness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Crucianelli
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Benedetta Demartini
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Psychiatry Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, S. Paolo General Hospital, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Goeta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Psychiatry Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, S. Paolo General Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Nisticò
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alkistis Saramandi
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Bertelli
- Psychiatry Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, S. Paolo General Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Orsola Gambini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Psychiatry Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, S. Paolo General Hospital, Milan, Italy; Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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26
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Jenkinson PM, Papadaki C, Besharati S, Moro V, Gobbetto V, Crucianelli L, Kirsch LP, Avesani R, Ward NS, Fotopoulou A. Welcoming back my arm: affective touch increases body ownership following right-hemisphere stroke. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa034. [PMID: 32954292 PMCID: PMC7425337 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Right-hemisphere stroke can impair the ability to recognize one’s contralesional body parts as belonging to one’s self. The study of this so-called ‘disturbed sense of limb ownership’ can provide unique insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms of body ownership. In this study, we address a hypothesis built upon experimental studies on body ownership in healthy volunteers. These studies have shown that affective (pleasant) touch, an interoceptive modality associated with unmyelinated, slow-conducting C-tactile afferents, has a unique role in the sense of body ownership. In this study, we systematically investigated whether affective touch stimulation could increase body ownership in patients with a disturbed sense of limb ownership following right-hemisphere stroke. An initial feasibility study in 16 adult patients with acute stroke enabled us to optimize and calibrate an affective touch protocol to be administered by the bedside. The main experiment, conducted with a different sample of 26 right hemisphere patients, assessed changes in limb ownership elicited following self- (patient) versus other- (experimenter) generated tactile stimulation, using a velocity known to optimally activate C-tactile fibres (i.e. 3 cm/s), and a second velocity that is suboptimal for C-tactile activation (i.e. 18 cm/s). We further examined the specificity and mechanism of observed changes in limb ownership in secondary analyses looking at (i) the influence of perceived intensity and pleasantness of touch, (ii) touch laterality and (iii) level of disturbed sense of limb ownership on ownership change and (iv) changes in unilateral neglect arising from touch. Findings indicated a significant increase in limb ownership following experimenter-administered, C-tactile-optimal touch. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping identified damage to the right insula and, more substantially, the right corpus callosum, associated with a failure to increase body ownership following experimenter-administered, affective touch. Our findings suggest that affective touch can increase the sense of body-part ownership following right-hemisphere stroke, potentially due to its unique role in the multisensory integration processes that underlie the sense of body ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Jenkinson
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
- Correspondence to: Paul Jenkinson, PhD, School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK E-mail:
| | - Cristina Papadaki
- Division of Psychology and Language Science, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sahba Besharati
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY.Lab_VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Gobbetto
- NPSY.Lab_VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Crucianelli
- Division of Psychology and Language Science, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise P Kirsch
- Division of Psychology and Language Science, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Nick S Ward
- Department of Clinical and Motor Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- Division of Psychology and Language Science, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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27
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Grabherr L, Russek LN, Bellan V, Shohag M, Camfferman D, Moseley GL. The disappearing hand: vestibular stimulation does not improve hand localisation. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7201. [PMID: 31388469 PMCID: PMC6662564 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bodily self-consciousness depends on the coherent integration of sensory information. In addition to visual and somatosensory information processing, vestibular contributions have been proposed and investigated. Vestibular information seems especially important for self-location, but remains difficult to study. Methods This randomised controlled experiment used the MIRAGE multisensory illusion box to induce a conflict between the visually- and proprioceptively-encoded position of one hand. Over time, the perceived location of the hand slowly shifts, due to the fact that proprioceptive input is progressively weighted more heavily than the visual input. We hypothesised that left cold caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) augments this shift in hand localisation. Results The results from 24 healthy participants do not support our hypothesis: CVS had no effect on the estimations with which the perceived position of the hand shifted from the visually- to the proprioceptively-encoded position. Participants were more likely to report that their hand was 'no longer there' after CVS. Taken together, neither the physical nor the subjective data provide evidence for vestibular enhanced self-location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Grabherr
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Psychiatric Liaison Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leslie N Russek
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Clarkson University, Physical Therapy Department, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Valeria Bellan
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohammad Shohag
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Danny Camfferman
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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28
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Ponzo S, Kirsch LP, Fotopoulou A, Jenkinson PM. Vestibular modulation of multisensory integration during actual and vicarious tactile stimulation. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13430. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ponzo
- School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hertfordshire UK
| | - Louise P. Kirsch
- Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology Research Department, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences University College London London UK
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique Sorbonne Université Paris France
| | - Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology Research Department, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences University College London London UK
| | - Paul M. Jenkinson
- School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hertfordshire UK
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29
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The Effect of Visual Capture Towards Subjective Embodiment Within the Full Body Illusion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2889. [PMID: 30814561 PMCID: PMC6393432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically, multisensory illusion paradigms emphasise the importance of synchronous visuotactile integration to induce subjective embodiment towards another body. However, the extent to which embodiment is due to the 'visual capture' of congruent visuoproprioceptive information alone remains unclear. Thus, across two experiments (total N = 80), we investigated how mere visual observation of a mannequin body, viewed from a first-person perspective, influenced subjective embodiment independently from concomitant visuotactile integration. Moreover, we investigated whether slow, affective touch on participants' own, unseen body (without concomitant touch on the seen mannequin) disrupted visual capture effects to a greater degree than fast, non-affective touch. In total, 40% of participants experienced subjective embodiment towards the mannequin body following mere visual observation, and this effect was significantly higher than conditions which included touch to participants own, unseen body. The velocity of the touch that participants received (affective/non-affective) did not differ in modulating visual capture effects. Furthermore, the effects of visual capture and perceived pleasantness of touch was not modulated by subthreshold eating disorder psychopathology. Overall, this study suggests that congruent visuoproprioceptive cues can be sufficient to induce subjective embodiment of a whole body, in the absence of visuotactile integration and beyond mere confabulatory responses.
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30
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Burin D, Kilteni K, Rabuffetti M, Slater M, Pia L. Body ownership increases the interference between observed and executed movements. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209899. [PMID: 30605454 PMCID: PMC6317814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
When we successfully achieve willed actions, the feeling that our moving body parts belong to the self (i.e., body ownership) is barely required. However, how and to what extent the awareness of our own body contributes to the neurocognitive processes subserving actions is still debated. Here we capitalized on immersive virtual reality in order to examine whether and how body ownership influences motor performance (and, secondly, if it modulates the feeling of voluntariness). Healthy participants saw a virtual body either from a first or a third person perspective. In both conditions, they had to draw continuously straight vertical lines while seeing the virtual arm doing the same action (i.e., drawing lines) or deviating from them (i.e., drawing ellipses). Results showed that when there was a mismatch between the intended and the seen movements (i.e., participants had to draw lines but the avatar drew ellipses), motor performance was strongly "attracted" towards the seen (rather than the performed) movement when the avatar's body part was perceived as own (i.e., first person perspective). In support of previous studies, here we provide direct behavioral evidence that the feeling of body ownership modulates the interference of seen movements to the performed movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Burin
- Smart Aging Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Konstantina Kilteni
- EVENT LAB- Experimental Virtual Environments for Neuroscience and Technology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Rabuffetti
- Biomedical Technology Department, IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Mel Slater
- EVENT LAB- Experimental Virtual Environments for Neuroscience and Technology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Pia
- SAMBA- SpAtial Motor and Bodily Awareness research group- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- NIT- Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Orbassano- Turin, Italy
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