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Miron VV, Assmann CE, Mostardeiro VB, da Silveira MV, Copetti PM, Bissacotti BF, Schirmann AA, Castro MFV, Gutierres JM, da Cruz Fernandes M, Viero FT, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Cardoso AM. Neuroprotective effect of long-term resistance physical exercise against memory damage elicited by a lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation model in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25370. [PMID: 39158105 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) is considered an excellent tool for preventing diseases with an inflammatory background. Its neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties are responsible for positively modulating cholinergic and oxidative systems, promoting neurogenesis, and improving memory. However, the mechanisms behind these actions are largely unknown. In order to investigate the pathways related to these effects of exercise, we conducted a 12-week long-term exercise training protocol and used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce damage to the cortex and hippocampus of male Wistar rats. The cholinergic system, oxidative stress, and histochemical parameters were analyzed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and memory tests were also performed. It was observed that LPS: (1) caused memory loss in the novel object recognition (NOR) test; (2) increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Iba1 protein density; (3) reduced the protein density of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (CHRM1); (4) elevated the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reactive species (RS); and (5) caused inflammatory damage to the dentate gyrus. RET, on the other hand, was able to prevent all alterations induced by LPS, as well as increase per se the protein density of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRα7) and Nestin, and the levels of protein thiols (T-SH). Overall, our study elucidates some mechanisms that support resistance physical exercise as a valuable approach against LPS-induced neuroinflammation and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valéria Miron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marcylene Vieira da Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marquezan Copetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bianca Fagan Bissacotti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Adriel Antonio Schirmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jessié Martins Gutierres
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilda da Cruz Fernandes
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tibolla Viero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of the South Border, Chapecó, Brazil
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de Melo AD, Freire VAF, Diogo ÍL, Santos HDL, Barbosa LA, de Carvalho LED. Antioxidant Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress, Restores Na,K-ATPase Function and Induces Neuroprotection in Rodent Models of Seizure and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1397. [PMID: 37507936 PMCID: PMC10376594 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by epileptic seizures resulting from neuronal hyperexcitability, which may be related to failures in Na,K-ATPase activity and oxidative stress participation. We conducted this study to investigate the impact of antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress, Na,K-ATPase activity, seizure factors, and mortality in rodent seizure/epilepsy models induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), pilocarpine (PILO), and kainic acid (KA). After screening 561 records in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases, 22 were included in the systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. The meta-analysis included 14 studies and showed that in epileptic animals there was an increase in the oxidizing agents nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), with a reduction in endogenous antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SO). The Na,K-ATPase activity was reduced in all areas evaluated. Antioxidant therapy reversed all of these parameters altered by seizure or epilepsy induction. In addition, there was a percentage decrease in the number of seizures and mortality, and a meta-analysis showed a longer seizure latency in animals using antioxidant therapy. Thus, this study suggests that the use of antioxidants promotes neuroprotective effects and mitigates the effects of epilepsy. The protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42022356960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Dutra de Melo
- Departamento de Ciências e Linguagens, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Bambui 38900-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Antonio Ferreira Freire
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Leonardo Diogo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hérica de Lima Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Crespo M, León-Navarro DA, Martín M. Na +/K +- and Mg 2+-ATPases and Their Interaction with AMPA, NMDA and D 2 Dopamine Receptors in an Animal Model of Febrile Seizures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314638. [PMID: 36498965 PMCID: PMC9737571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FS) are one of the most common seizure disorders in childhood which are classified into short and prolonged, depending on their duration. Short FS are usually considered as benign. However, epidemiological studies have shown an association between prolonged FS and temporal lobe epilepsy. The development of animal models of FS has been very useful to investigate the mechanisms and the consequences of FS. One of the most used, the "hair dryer model", has revealed that prolonged FS may lead to temporal lobe epilepsy by altering neuronal function. Several pieces of evidence suggest that Na+/ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase may play a role in this epileptogenic process. In this work, we found that hyperthermia-induced seizures (HIS) significantly increased the activity of Na+/ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase five and twenty days after hyperthermic insult, respectively. These effects were diminished in response to AMPA, D2 dopamine A1 and A2A receptors activation, respectively. Furthermore, HIS also significantly increased the protein level of the AMPA subunit GluR1. Altogether, the increased Na+/ K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase agree well with the presence of protective mechanisms. However, the reduction in ATPase activities in the presence of NMDA and AMPA suggest an increased propensity for epileptic events in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Crespo
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Agustín León-Navarro
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-926-052-114
| | - Mairena Martín
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Centre of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Vogt AG, de Oliveira RL, Voss GT, Blödorn GB, Alves D, Wilhelm EA, Luchese C. QCTA-1, a quinoline derivative, ameliorates pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling and memory comorbidity in mice: Involvement of antioxidant system of brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 215:173357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kalocayova B, Snurikova D, Vlkovicova J, Navarova-Stara V, Michalikova D, Ujhazy E, Gasparova Z, Vrbjar N. Effect of handling on ATP utilization of cerebral Na,K-ATPase in rats with trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4323-4330. [PMID: 34427815 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously it was shown that for reduction of anxiety and stress of experimental animals, preventive handling seems to be one of the most effective methods. The present study was oriented on Na,K-ATPase, a key enzyme for maintaining proper concentrations of intracellular sodium and potassium ions. Malfunction of this enzyme has an essential role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. It is known that this enzyme requires approximately 50% of the energy available to the brain. Therefore in the present study utilization of the energy source ATP by Na,K-ATPase in the frontal cerebral cortex, using the method of enzyme kinetics was investigated. As a model of neurodegeneration treatment with trimethyltin (TMT) was applied. Daily handling (10 min/day) of healthy rats and rats suffering neurodegeneration induced by administration of TMT in a dose of (7.5 mg/kg), at postnatal days 60-102 altered the expression of catalytic subunits of Na,K-ATPase as well as kinetic properties of this enzyme in the frontal cerebral cortex of adult male Wistar rats. In addition to the previously published beneficial effect on spatial memory, daily treatment of rats was accompanied by improved maintenance of sodium homeostasis in the frontal cortex. The key system responsible for this process, Na,K-ATPase, was able to utilize better the energy substrate ATP. In rats, manipulation of TMT-induced neurodegeneration promoted the expression of the α2 isoform of the enzyme, which is typical for glial cells. In healthy rats, manipulation was followed by increased expression of the α3 subunit, which is typical of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Denisa Snurikova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Vlkovicova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Navarova-Stara
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dominika Michalikova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Ujhazy
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zdenka Gasparova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Norbert Vrbjar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Komali E, Venkataramaiah C, Rajendra W. Antiepileptic potential of Bacopa monnieri in the rat brain during PTZ-induced epilepsy with reference to cholinergic system and ATPases. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 11:137-143. [PMID: 33728274 PMCID: PMC7936099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic central nervous system disorder that occurs not only with the imbalance of glutamatergic neurons and inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA) neurons, but also with abnormal Central cholinergic neuronal regulation. Since long term usage of antiepileptic drugs cause high incidence of pharmacoresistance and untoward side effects, attention has been paid in recent years to screen bioactive compounds from natural medicinal plants for the treatment of several neurological disorders including Epilepsy. Keeping in view of relative importance of natural medicinal plants, the present study is mainly focused to characterize the anti-convulsant effect of Bacopa monnieri (BM), an Indian herb which is being extensively used in Ayurvedic treatments related to neurological complications. The present study is designed to assess the neurotoxicity of Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ), an epileptic compound with particular reference to Cholinergic system and ATPases in different brain regions of rat to explore the possible antiepileptic effect of different extracts of BM in comparison with Diazepam (DZ) (Reference control). The activity levels of Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and ATPases were decreased in different regions of brain during PTZ induced epilepsy which were increased in epileptic rats pretreated with different extracts of Bacopa monnieri except EAE and AE. In addition Acetylcholine (ACh), levels were increased during PTZ induced epilepsy when compared with normal control and levels were reversed on pretreatment with different extracts of BM. Recoveries of these parameters suggest that the bioactive factors present in the extracts offer neuroprotection by interrupting the pathological cascade that occurs during epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W. Rajendra
- Corresponding author. Former Vice-Chancellor & BSR- Faculty fellow Department of Zoology Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, AP, India.
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Ballaz SJ, Rebec GV. Neurobiology of vitamin C: Expanding the focus from antioxidant to endogenous neuromodulator. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104321. [PMID: 31229562 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is a water-soluble vitamin (C) found in all bodily organs. Most mammals synthesize it, humans are required to eat it, but all mammals need it for healthy functioning. AA reaches its highest concentration in the brain where both neurons and glia rely on tightly regulated uptake from blood via the glucose transport system and sodium-coupled active transport to accumulate and maintain AA at millimolar levels. As a prototype antioxidant, AA is not only neuroprotective, but also functions as a cofactor in redox-coupled reactions essential for the synthesis of neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine and norepinephrine) and paracrine lipid mediators (e.g., epoxiecoisatrienoic acids) as well as the epigenetic regulation of DNA. Although redox capacity led to the promotion of AA in high doses as potential treatment for various neuropathological and psychiatric conditions, ample evidence has not supported this therapeutic strategy. Here, we focus on some long-neglected aspects of AA neurobiology, including its modulatory role in synaptic transmission as demonstrated by the long-established link between release of endogenous AA in brain extracellular fluid and the clearance of glutamate, an excitatory amino acid. Evidence that this link can be disrupted in animal models of Huntington´s disease is revealing opportunities for new research pathways and therapeutic applications (e.g., epilepsy and pain management). In fact, we suggest that improved understanding of the regulation of endogenous AA and its interaction with key brain neurotransmitter systems, rather than administration of AA in excess, should be the target of future brain-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago J Ballaz
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuqui, Ecuador.
| | - George V Rebec
- Program in Neuroscience, Department Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA.
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Functional Nutrients for Epilepsy. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061309. [PMID: 31185666 PMCID: PMC6628163 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder of which seizures are a core symptom. Approximately one third of epileptic patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs and therefore require alternative therapeutic options. Dietary and nutritional supplements can in some cases replace drugs, but with the exception of ketogenic diets, there are no officially recommended dietary considerations for patients with epilepsy. In this review we summarize a selection of nutritional suggestions that have proved beneficial in treating different types of epilepsy. We describe the types of seizures and epilepsy and follow this with an introduction to basic molecular mechanisms. We then examine several functional nutrients for which there is clinical evidence of therapeutic efficacy in reducing seizures or epilepsy-associated sudden death. We also discuss experimental results that demonstrate possible molecular mechanisms elicited by the administration of various nutrients. The availability of multiple dietary and nutritional candidates that show favorable outcomes in animals implies that assessing the clinical potential of these substances will improve translational medicine, ultimately benefitting epilepsy patients.
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Pansani AP, Cysneiros RM, Colugnati DB, Janjoppi L, Ferrari D, de Lima E, Ghazale PP, Sinigaglia-Coimbra R, Scorza FA. Long-term monotherapy treatment with vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, but not seizure frequency in rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 88:301-307. [PMID: 30342389 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between antioxidant system and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is related to epileptogenesis, neuronal death, and seizure frequency. Treatment with vitamin E has been associated with neuroprotection and control of seizures. In most experimental studies, vitamin E treatment has short duration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the role of long-term treatment with vitamin E in rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Rats were divided into two main groups: control (Ctr) and pilocarpine (Pilo). Each one was subdivided according to treatment: vehicle (Ctr V and Pilo V) or vitamin E at dosages of 6 IU/kg/day (Ctr E6 and Pilo E6) or 60 IU/kg/day (Ctr E60 and Pilo E60). Treatment lasted 120 days from status epilepticus (SE). There were no statistical differences concerning treatment in the Ctr group for all variables, so the data were grouped. Carbonyl content in the hippocampus of Pilo V and Pilo E6 was higher compared with that of the Ctr group (8 ± 1.5, 7.1 ± 1, and 3.1 ± 0.3 nmol carbonyl/mg protein, respectively for Pilo V, Pilo E6, and Ctr; p < 0.05). Carbonyl content was restored to control values in Pilo E60 rats (4.2 ± 1.1 and 3.1 ± 0.3 nmol carbonyl/mg protein, respectively for Pilo E60 and Ctr; p > 0.05). The volume of the hippocampal formation (6.5 ± 0.3, 6.6 ± 0.4, 6.3 ± 0.3, and 7.4 ± 0.2, respectively for Pilo V, Pilo E6, Pilo E60, and Ctr) and subfields CA1 (1.6 ± 0.1, 1.4 ± 0.2, 1.5 ± 0.1, and 2 ± 0.05, respectively for Pilo V, Pilo E6, Pilo E60, and Ctr) and CA3 (1.7 ± 0.1, 1.5 ± 0.2, 1.4 ± 0.1, and 2 ± 0.1, respectively for Pilo V, Pilo E6, Pilo E60, and Ctr) was reduced in the Pilo group regardless of treatment. Parvalbumin immunostaining was increased in the hilus of the Pilo E60 group compared with that in the Ctr group (26 ± 2 and 39.6 ± 8.3 neurons, respectively for Ctr and Pilo E60). No difference was found in seizure frequency and Neo-Timm staining. Therefore, long-term treatment with 60 IU/kg/day of vitamin E prevented oxidative damage in the hippocampus and increased hilar parvalbumin expression in rats with epilepsy without a reduction in seizure frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Priscila Pansani
- Laboratório Integrado de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular e Neurológica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Monterazzo Cysneiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento do Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Basile Colugnati
- Laboratório Integrado de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular e Neurológica, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luciana Janjoppi
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Danuza Ferrari
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Eliângela de Lima
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Brazil
| | - Poliana Peres Ghazale
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | | | - Fulvio Alexandre Scorza
- Laboratório de Neurologia Experimental - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
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Mendes-da-Silva RF, Francisco EDS, Araújo Guedes RC. Pilocarpine/ascorbic acid interaction in the immature brain: Electrophysiological and oxidative effects in well-nourished and malnourished rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:414-421. [PMID: 30232044 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) administration has been associated with neuroprotection against oxidative stress, although at high doses it can facilitate oxidation and acts like a proconvulsing drug. The pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model has been widely studied. However, less is known about the effects of sub-convulsive doses of pilocarpine on brain activity in immature animals under normal or deficient nutritional conditions. Herein, we investigated the effects of chronic pilocarpine administration in a sub-convulsive dose, with or without AA, on the excitability-related phenomenon denominated as cortical spreading depression (CSD) and levels of lipid peroxidation-induced malondialdehyde in well-nourished and malnourished rats. At postnatal days 7-28, rats received no gavage treatment (naïve group), saline (vehicle group), 45 mg/kg/d of pilocarpine and/or 120 mg/kg/d of AA. CSD propagation and malondialdehyde levels were analyzed at 34-40 days. The pilocarpine group presented with lower CSD velocities, while AA groups exhibited higher CSD velocities and augmented malondialdehyde levels compared with controls. The co-administration of AA partially antagonized the pilocarpine CSD effects, but did not revert it to control levels. Malnutrition increased CSD amplitude and velocity in comparison to the well-nourished condition. The electrocorticogram (ECoG) amplitude increased after CSD (ECoG potentiation) when compared with the baseline amplitude before CSD. However, no intergroup difference was observed in this CSD-related ECoG potentiation. The results support the hypothesis of a pilocarpine/ascorbic acid interaction in the immature rat brain and might help further the understanding of this interaction on neuronal electrical activity and oxidative stress.
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Mi DJ, Dixit S, Warner TA, Kennard JA, Scharf DA, Kessler ES, Moore LM, Consoli DC, Bown CW, Eugene AJ, Kang JQ, Harrison FE. Altered glutamate clearance in ascorbate deficient mice increases seizure susceptibility and contributes to cognitive impairment in APP/PSEN1 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:241-254. [PMID: 30172223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is critical as a first line of defense antioxidant within the brain, and specifically within the synapse. Ascorbate is released by astrocytes during glutamate clearance and disruption of this exchange mechanism may be critical in mediating glutamate toxicity within the synapse. This is likely even more critical in neurodegenerative disorders with associated excitotoxicity and seizures, in particular Alzheimer's disease, in which ascorbate levels are often low. Using Gulo-/- mice that are dependent on dietary ascorbate, we established that low brain ascorbate increased sensitivity to kainic acid as measured via behavioral observations, electroencephalography (EEG) measurements, and altered regulation of several glutamatergic system genes. Kainic acid-induced immobility was improved in wild-type mice following treatment with ceftriaxone, which upregulates glutamate transporter GLT-1. The same effect was not observed in ascorbate-deficient mice in which sufficient ascorbate is not available for release. A single, mild seizure event was sufficient to disrupt performance in the water maze in low-ascorbate mice and in APPSWE/PSEN1dE9 mice. Together, the data support the critical role of brain ascorbate in maintaining protection during glutamatergic hyperexcitation events, including seizures. The study further supports a role for mild, subclinical seizures in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Mi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shilpy Dixit
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy A Warner
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John A Kennard
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel A Scharf
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric S Kessler
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Moore
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David C Consoli
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Corey W Bown
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Angeline J Eugene
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jing-Qiong Kang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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de Gois da Silva ML, da Silva Oliveira GL, de Oliveira Bezerra D, da Rocha Neto HJ, Feitosa MLT, Argôlo Neto NM, Rizzo MDS, de Carvalho MAM. Neurochemical properties of neurospheres infusion in experimental-induced seizures. Tissue Cell 2018; 54:47-54. [PMID: 30309509 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell replacement through neural stem cells has been a promising alternative therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. It was evaluated the possible protect and/or prevent role of neurospheres in experimental models of epilepsy by the use of biomarkers of oxidative stress and histopathological analysis. After 1 h of the epileptic inductions by pilocarpine, pentylenotetrazole and picrotoxin, rats were infused with a suspension of 2 × 106 cells/0.25 mL, marked with Qtracker® 655, via caudal vein. In the control group epilepsy was not induced, but received the cell infusion under the same conditions of other groups. After 30 days, the rats were euthanized, and the removal of the brain was proceeded to later perform the assays oxidative stress and histopathology analysis. Thiobarbituric acid and nitrite levels were elevated in epileptic groups treated with neurospheres, and the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced when compared to non-treated groups. The performance of oxidative enzymes from pilocarpine group treated with neurospheres showed slight increase. Histopathological evaluation observed distribution of neurospheres throughout the brain tissue, with viable cells and in process of differentiation in the pilocarpine group, but with differentiation and regeneration compromised in epilepsy by picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazole due to a microenvironment of oxidative stress. Neural stem cell therapy has a promising potential for protection in the pilocarpine epilepsy model, suggesting that the antioxidant system of neurospheres could reduce oxidative damage generated by seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Laylson da Silva Oliveira
- Postgraduate program in biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil; Department of Biology, Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, Guarantã do Norte - MT, Guarantã do Norte Campus, Brazil.
| | - Dayseanny de Oliveira Bezerra
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
| | - Hermínio José da Rocha Neto
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Levi Tajra Feitosa
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil; State University of Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brazil.
| | - Napoleão Martins Argôlo Neto
- Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Dos Santos Rizzo
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
| | - Maria Acelina Martins de Carvalho
- Postgraduate program in biotechnology-RENORBIO, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil; Integrated Nucleus of Morphology and Stem Cell Research, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Ininga Campus, Brazil.
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Samokhina E, Samokhin A. Neuropathological profile of the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:1086-1096. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1481064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Samokhina
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander Samokhin
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia
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Sousa MSB, Holanda IMSD, Monteiro HMC, Amâncio-dos-Santos Â. Antioxidant extract counteracts the effects of aging on cortical spreading depression and oxidative stress in the brain cortex. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 33:472-482. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180060000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Malfatti CRM, dos Santos FS, Wouk J, da Silva LA, Michel RG, Snak AL, Czervinski T, da Cunha MAA, Barbosa AM, Dekker RFH. Intracerebroventricular administration of the (1→6)-β-d-glucan (lasiodiplodan) in male rats prevents d-penicillamine-induced behavioral alterations and lipoperoxidation in the cortex. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1289-1294. [PMID: 28274189 PMCID: PMC6130678 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1299767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lasiodiplodan, an exocellular (1→6)-β-d-glucan of molecular weight >1.4 × 106 Da produced by MMPI strain of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (Brotyosphaeriaceae) is known to exhibit anti-proliferative activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7), anticoagulant activity when sulfonylated, and reduction in transaminase activity when administered in rats. OBJECTIVE The effect of intracerebroventricular (I.C.V) injection of lasiodiplodan on neurotoxicity and behavioural changes induced by d-penicillamine was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four male Wistar rats were initially separated in groups of six and treated with 0.15 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and d-Pen) and 0.01 μg/μL of lasiodiplodan (Groups Las and Las + d-Pen). After 15 min, they received 6 μmol/μL of NaCl (Groups Ct and Las) and 2 μmol/μL of d-penicillamine (Groups d-Pen and Las + d-Pen). The animal behavior was observed in an open-field test for 60 min. Twenty-four h later, the animals were sacrificed and histopathological analysis and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production measurements were performed. RESULTS Lasiodiplodan prevented neurotoxicity induced by d-penicillamine significantly reducing the production of TBARS (308%; p < 0.05), and behavioural signs; convulsive and pre-convulsive. No histopathological alterations in the cerebral cortex were observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The reduction of TBARS production and convulsive episodes suggests that the protector effect provided by lasiodiplodan passes thought an antioxidant path, possibly interfering in a cascade of neurochemical events, triggering cell death and convulsive episodes. These results demonstrated that lasiodiplodan can be effective in treating neurotoxicity, and reducing damage triggered by convulsions in neuropathies related to GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Seidel dos Santos
- Teaching of Science and Technology Postgraduate Program, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Wouk
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto da Silva
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Renan Garcia Michel
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Snak
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Tiago Czervinski
- Pharmaceutical Science Postgraduate Program, Midwest State University, Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Mário A. Alves da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Pato branco, Pato Branco, Brazil
| | - Aneli M. Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Environmental Engineering Postgraduate Program, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Oliveira CC, Oliveira CV, Grigoletto J, Ribeiro LR, Funck VR, Meier L, Fighera MR, Royes LFF, Furian AF, Menezes IRA, Oliveira MS. Anticonvulsant activity of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. fixed pulp oil against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Neurol Res 2017; 39:667-674. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1324380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Correia Oliveira
- Graduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Grigoletto
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Rafael Funck
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Letícia Meier
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Graduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Graduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Furian
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Graduate Program of Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Holm TH, Lykke-Hartmann K. Insights into the Pathology of the α3 Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase Ion Pump in Neurological Disorders; Lessons from Animal Models. Front Physiol 2016; 7:209. [PMID: 27378932 PMCID: PMC4906016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase is located at the plasma membrane of all mammalian cells. The Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis to extrude three Na(+) cations and import two K(+) cations into the cell. The minimum constellation for an active Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase is one alpha (α) and one beta (β) subunit. Mammals express four α isoforms (α1-4), encoded by the ATP1A1-4 genes, respectively. The α1 isoform is ubiquitously expressed in the adult central nervous system (CNS) whereas α2 primarily is expressed in astrocytes and α3 in neurons. Na(+) and K(+) are the principal ions involved in action potential propagation during neuronal depolarization. The α1 and α3 Na(+)-/K(+) ATPases are therefore prime candidates for restoring neuronal membrane potential after depolarization and for maintaining neuronal excitability. The α3 isoform has approximately four-fold lower Na(+) affinity compared to α1 and is specifically required for rapid restoration of large transient increases in [Na(+)]i. Conditions associated with α3 deficiency are therefore likely aggravated by suprathreshold neuronal activity. The α3 isoform been suggested to support re-uptake of neurotransmitters. These processes are required for normal brain activity, and in fact autosomal dominant de novo mutations in ATP1A3 encoding the α3 isoform has been found to cause the three neurological diseases Rapid Onset Dystonia Parkinsonism (RDP), Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC), and Cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS). All three diseases cause acute onset of neurological symptoms, but the predominant neurological manifestations differ with particularly early onset of hemiplegic/dystonic episodes and mental decline in AHC, ataxic encephalopathy and impairment of vision and hearing in CAPOS syndrome and late onset of dystonia/parkinsonism in RDP. Several mouse models have been generated to study the in vivo consequences of Atp1a3 modulation. The different mice show varying degrees of hyperactivity, gait problems, and learning disability as well as stress-induced seizures. With the advent of several Atp1a3-gene or chemically modified animal models that closely phenocopy many aspects of the human disorders, we will be able to reach a much better understanding of the etiology of RDP, AHC, and CAPOS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
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Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Bueno A, Agostinho P, Zago AM, Vieira J, Frühauf P, Cechella JL, Nogueira CW, Oliveira SM, Rizzi C, Spanevello RM, Duarte MMF, Duarte T, Dellagostin OA, Andrade CM. Anthocyanins control neuroinflammation and consequent memory dysfunction in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3350-3367. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Funck V, Ribeiro L, Pereira L, de Oliveira C, Grigoletto J, Della-Pace I, Fighera M, Royes L, Furian A, Larrick J, Oliveira M. Contrasting effects of Na+, K+-ATPase activation on seizure activity in acute versus chronic models. Neuroscience 2015; 298:171-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Bohnert C, Zago AM, Abdalla FH, Vieira JM, Palma HE, Oliveira SM, Spanevello RM, Duarte MM, Lopes ST, Aiello G, Amaral MG, Pippi NL, Andrade CM. Anthocyanins suppress the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, and restore ion pump activities in demyelination. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:378-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Martinc B, Grabnar I, Vovk T. Antioxidants as a preventive treatment for epileptic process: a review of the current status. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:527-50. [PMID: 25977679 PMCID: PMC4428026 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x12666140923205715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is known as one of the most frequent neurological diseases, characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. Oxidative stress is believed to directly participate in pathways leading to neurodegeneration, which serves as the most important propagating factor, leading to the epileptic condition and cognitive decline. Moreover, there is also a growing body of evidence showing the disturbance of antioxidant system balance and consequently increased production of reactive species in patients with epilepsy. A meta-analysis, conducted in the present review confirms an association between epilepsy and increased lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, it was also shown that some of the antiepileptic drugs could potentially be responsible for additionally increased lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it is reasonable to propose that during the epileptic process neuroprotective treatment with antioxidants could lead to less sever structural damages, reduced epileptogenesis and milder cognitive deterioration. To evaluate this hypothesis studies investigating the neuroprotective therapeutic potential of various antioxidants in cells, animal seizure models and patients with epilepsy have been reviewed. Numerous beneficial effects of antioxidants on oxidative stress markers and in some cases also neuroprotective effects were observed in animal seizure models. However, despite these encouraging results, till now only a few antioxidants have been further applied to patients with epilepsy as an add-on therapy. Based on the several positive findings in animal models, a strong need for more carefully planned, randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled clinical trials for the evaluation of antioxidants efficacy in patients with epilepsy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomaž Vovk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Subash S, Essa MM, Al-Asmi A, Al-Adawi S, Vaishnav R, Braidy N, Manivasagam T, Guillemin GJ. Pomegranate from Oman Alleviates the Brain Oxidative Damage in Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's disease. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:232-8. [PMID: 25379464 PMCID: PMC4220500 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.139107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Pomegranates (石榴 Shí Liú) contain very high levels of antioxidant polyphenolic substances, as compared to other fruits and vegetables. Polyphenols have been shown to be neuroprotective in different model systems. Here, the effects of the antioxidant-rich pomegranate fruit grown in Oman on brain oxidative stress status were tested in the AD transgenic mouse. The 4-month-old mice with double Swedish APP mutation (APPsw/Tg2576) were purchased from Taconic Farm, NY, USA. Four-month-old Tg2576 mice were fed with 4% pomegranate or control diet for 15 months and then assessed for the influence of diet on oxidative stress. Significant increase in oxidative stress was found in terms of enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyls. Concomitantly, decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes was observed in Tg2576 mice treated with control diet. Supplementation with 4% pomegranate attenuated oxidative damage, as evidenced by decreased LPO and protein carbonyl levels and restoration in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), and Glutathione S transferase (GST)]. The activities of membrane-bound enzymes [Na+ K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] were altered in the brain regions of Tg2576 mouse treated with control diet, and 4% pomegranate supplementation was able to restore the activities of enzymes to comparable values observed in controls. The results suggest that the therapeutic potential of 4% pomegranate in the treatment of AD might be associated with counteracting the oxidative stress by the presence of active phytochemicals in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraju Subash
- Deparment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. ; Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Deparment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. ; Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. ; Neuropharmacology group, MND and Neurodegenerative diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al-Asmi
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. ; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman. ; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ragini Vaishnav
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nady Braidy
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology group, MND and Neurodegenerative diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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Prooxidant versus antioxidant brain action of ascorbic acid in well-nourished and malnourished rats as a function of dose: A cortical spreading depression and malondialdehyde analysis. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Subash S, Essa MM, Al-Asmi A, Al-Adawi S, Vaishnav R, Guillemin GJ. Effect of dietary supplementation of dates in Alzheimer's disease APPsw/2576 transgenic mice on oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 18:281-8. [PMID: 24954036 DOI: 10.1179/1476830514y.0000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress may play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Changes in the oxidative stress, antioxidants, and membrane-bound enzymes were investigated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of AD transgenic mice model after long-term dietary supplementation of date palm fruits from Oman. The 4-month-old mice with double Swedish APP mutation (APPsw/Tg2576) were purchased from Taconic Farm, NY, USA; mice were fed two different doses of dates (such as 4 and 2%) or control diet for 15 months and then assessed for the influence of diet on oxidative stress. Significant increase in oxidative stress in terms of enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyls and parallel decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed in control diet-treated Tg2576 AD mice. Dates (4 and 2%) treated APPsw/Tg2576 AD mice exhibited significantly attenuated oxidative damage, evidenced by decreased LPO and protein carbonyl levels and restoration in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase). The activities of membrane-bound enzymes (Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and acetyl cholinesterase) were altered in control diet-treated APPsw/Tg2576 AD mice brain regions. Meanwhile, both the percentages of date supplementation were able to restore the activity of enzymes to comparable values observed in controls. In summary, we have shown that chronic dietary supplementation of date palm fruits grown in Oman showed possible beneficial effects concomitant with oxidative stress reduction and increased antioxidant enzymes in AD transgenic mice model. These results warrant further exploration of how anti-reactive oxygen species properties of dates offer such beneficial effects on the AD-like brain.
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Subash S, Essa MM, Al-Asmi A, Al-Adawi S, Vaishnav R. Chronic dietary supplementation of 4% figs on the modification of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:546357. [PMID: 25050360 PMCID: PMC4090508 DOI: 10.1155/2014/546357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the changes in the plasma Aβ, oxidative stress/antioxidants, and membrane bound enzymes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice (Tg2576) after dietary supplementation of Omani figs fruits for 15 months along with spatial memory and learning test. AD Tg mice on control diet without figs showed significant impairment in spatial learning ability compared to the wild-type mice on same diet and figs fed Tg mice as well. Significant increase in oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant status were observed in AD Tg mice. 4% figs treated AD Tg mice significantly attenuated oxidative damage, as evident by decreased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls and restoration of antioxidant status. Altered activities of membrane bound enzymes (Na(+) K(+) ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) in AD Tg mice brain regions and was restored by figs treatment. Further, figs supplementation might be able to decrease the plasma levels of Aβ (1-40, 1-42) significantly in Tg mice suggesting a putative delay in the formation of plaques, which might be due to the presence of high natural antioxidants in figs. But this study warrants further extensive investigation to find a novel lead for a therapeutic target for AD from figs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraju Subash
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 34, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123 Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 34, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123 Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah Al-Asmi
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - Ragini Vaishnav
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Muscat, Oman
- Oman Assistant Pharmacy Institute, Directorate General of Education and Training, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1928, 114 Muttrah, Oman
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Ferreira APO, Rodrigues FS, Della-Pace ID, Mota BC, Oliveira SM, de Campos Velho Gewehr C, Bobinski F, de Oliveira CV, Brum JS, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, de Barros CSL, dos Santos ARS, Ferreira J, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. HOE-140, an antagonist of B2 receptor, protects against memory deficits and brain damage induced by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1935-48. [PMID: 24202114 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There are evidences indicating the role of kinins in pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, but little is known about their action on memory deficits. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to establish the role of bradykinin receptors B₁ (B₁R) and B₂ (B₂R) on the behavioral, biochemical, and histologic features elicited by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury (mLFPI) in mice. METHODS The role of kinin B₁ and B₂ receptors in brain damage, neuromotor, and cognitive deficits induced by mLFPI, was evaluated by means of subcutaneous injection of B₂R antagonist (HOE-140; 1 or 10 nmol/kg) or B₁R antagonist (des-Arg9-[Leu8]-bradykinin (DAL-Bk; 1 or 10 nmol/kg) 30 min and 24 h after brain injury. Brain damage was evaluated in the cortex, being considered as lesion volume, inflammatory, and oxidative damage. The open field and elevated plus maze tests were performed to exclude the nonspecific effects on object recognition memory test. RESULTS Our data revealed that HOE-140 (10 nmol/kg) protected against memory impairment. This treatment attenuated the brain edema, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide metabolites content elicited by mLFPI. Accordingly, HOE-140 administration protected against the increase of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, thiobarbituric-acid-reactive species, protein carbonylation generation, and Na⁺ K⁺ ATPase inhibition induced by trauma. Histologic analysis showed that HOE-140 reduced lesion volume when analyzed 7 days after brain injury. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the involvement of the B₂ receptor in memory deficits and brain damage caused by mLFPI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Sawicka-Glazer E, Czuczwar SJ. Vitamin C: a new auxiliary treatment of epilepsy? Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:529-33. [PMID: 24948051 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although many approaches to the therapy of epilepsy exist, most of antiepileptic drugs, beside certain and unquestioned benefits, have convinced disadvantages. That is the reason for looking for new methods of treatment. Ascorbic acid, as an antioxidant and electron donor accumulated in central nervous system, seems to take part in diminishing reactions of oxidative stress in brain and cooperate with other antioxidants like alpha-tocoferol. Vitamin C, easily transported through the blood-brain barrier, is proved to reduce injury in the hippocampus during seizures. Depending on type of seizures, it has mostly inhibitory activity and even decreases mortality. Moreover, vitamin C acts as a neuroprotective factor by consolidating cell membranes and decreasing lipid peroxidation. A possible adjunctive role of vitamin C in epileptic patients needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanisław J Czuczwar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland; Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.
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Ferreira APO, Rodrigues FS, Della-Pace ID, Mota BC, Oliveira SM, Velho Gewehr CDC, Bobinski F, de Oliveira CV, Brum JS, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, de Barros CSL, Ferreira J, Santos ARSD, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. The effect of NADPH-oxidase inhibitor apocynin on cognitive impairment induced by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury: role of inflammatory and oxidative brain damage. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:583-93. [PMID: 24076474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating disease that commonly causes persistent mental disturbances and cognitive deficits. Although studies have indicated that overproduction of free radicals, especially superoxide (O2(-)) derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is a common underlying mechanism of pathophysiology of TBI, little information is available regarding the role of apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, in neurological consequences of TBI. Therefore, the present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of apocynin for treatment of inflammatory and oxidative damage, in addition to determining its action on neuromotor and memory impairments caused by moderate fluid percussion injury in mice (mLFPI). Statistical analysis revealed that apocynin (5mg/kg), when injected subcutaneously (s.c.) 30min and 24h after injury, had no effect on neuromotor deficit and brain edema, however it provided protection against mLFPI-induced object recognition memory impairment 7days after neuronal injury. The same treatment protected against mLFPI-induced IL-1β, TNF-α, nitric oxide metabolite content (NOx) 3 and 24h after neuronal injury. Moreover, apocynin treatment reduced oxidative damage (protein carbonyl, lipoperoxidation) and was effective against mLFPI-induced Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity inhibition. The present results were accompanied by effective reduction in lesion volume when analyzed 7days after neuronal injury. These data suggest that superoxide (O2(-)) derived from NADPH oxidase can contribute significantly to cognitive impairment, and that the post injury treatment with specific NADPH oxidase inhibitors, such as apocynin, may provide a new therapeutic approach to the control of neurological disabilities induced by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri Domingues Della-Pace
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Castagna Mota
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Marchesan Oliveira
- Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila de Campos Velho Gewehr
- Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianólpolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Vasconcelos de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sperotto Brum
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Flavia Furian
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Ferreira
- Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianólpolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele Rechia Fighera
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós - Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Silva LFA, Hoffmann MS, Gerbatin RDR, Fiorin FDS, Dobrachinski F, Mota BC, Wouters ATB, Pavarini SP, Soares FAA, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Treadmill exercise protects against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and oxidative stress after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:1278-87. [PMID: 23530735 PMCID: PMC3713448 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of acquired epilepsy, and significant resources are required to develop a better understanding of the pathologic mechanism as targets for potential therapies. Thus, we decided to investigate whether physical exercise after fluid percussion injury (FPI) protects from oxidative and neurochemical alterations as well as from behavioral electroencephalographic (EEG) seizures induced by subeffective convulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 35 mg/kg). Behavioral and EEG recordings revealed that treadmill physical training increased latency to first clonic and tonic-clonic seizures, attenuated the duration of generalized seizures, and protected against the increase of PTZ-induced Racine scale 5 weeks after neuronal injury. EEG recordings also revealed that physical exercise prevented PTZ-induced amplitude increase in TBI animals. Neurochemical analysis showed that exercise training increased glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and glutathione levels per se. Exercise training was also effective against alterations in the redox status, herein characterized by lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), protein carbonyl increase, as well as the inhibition of superoxide dismutase and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activities after FPI. On the other hand, histologic analysis with hematoxylin and eosin revealed that FPI induced moderate neuronal damage in cerebral cortex 4 weeks after injury and that physical exercise did not protect against neuronal injury. These data suggest that the ability of physical exercise to reduce FPI-induced seizures is not related to its protection against neuronal damage; however, the effective protection of selected targets, such as Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase elicited by physical exercise, may represent a new line of treatment for post-traumatic seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Almeida Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Branco CDS, Scola G, Rodrigues AD, Cesio V, Laprovitera M, Heinzen H, dos Santos MT, Fank B, de Freitas SCV, Coitinho AS, Salvador M. Anticonvulsant, neuroprotective and behavioral effects of organic and conventional yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in Wistar rats. Brain Res Bull 2013; 92:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Della-Pace ID, Rambo LM, Ribeiro LR, Saraiva ALL, de Oliveira SM, Silva CR, Villarinho JG, Rossato MF, Ferreira J, de Carvalho LM, de Oliveira Lima F, Furian AF, Oliveria MS, Santos ARS, Facundo VA, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β trihidroxilup-20(29)-ene protects against excitability and oxidative damage induced by pentylenetetrazol: the role of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Neuropharmacology 2012; 67:455-64. [PMID: 23219656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Administration of the compound triterpene 3β, 6β, 16β-trihidroxilup-20(29)-ene (TTHL) resulted in antinociceptive activity in several pain models in mice. Because pain and epilepsy have common mechanisms, and several anticonvulsants are clinically used to treat painful disorders, we investigated the anticonvulsant potential of TTHL. Behavioral and electrographic recordings revealed that pretreatment with TTHL (30 mg/kg; i.g.) increased the latencies to the first clonic seizure to the tonic-clonic and reduced the duration of the generalized seizures induced by the GABA(A) receptor antagonist PTZ (80 g; i.p.). The TTHL pretreatment also protected against PTZ-induced deleterious effects, as characterized by protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, [(3)H] glutamate uptake and the inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (subunits α(1) and α(2)/α(3)). Although TTHL did not exhibit DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity per se and does not alter the binding of [(3)H]flunitrazepam to the benzodiazepinic site of the GABA(A) receptor, this compound was effective in preventing behavioral and EEG seizures, as well as the inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase induced by ouabain. These results suggest that the protection against PTZ-induced seizures elicited by TTHL is due to Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity maintenance. In fact, experiments in homogenates of the cerebral cortex revealed that PTZ (10 mM) reduced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and that previous incubation with TTHL (10 μM) protected against this inhibition. Collectively, these data indicate that the protection exerted by TTHL in this model of convulsion is not related to antioxidant activity or GABAergic activity. However, these results demonstrated that the effective protection of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase elicited by this compound protects against the damage due to neuronal excitability and oxidation that is induced by PTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Domingues Della-Pace
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício (BioEx), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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32
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Acute creatine administration improves mitochondrial membrane potential and protects against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Amino Acids 2012; 44:857-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Guedes RCA, Abadie-Guedes R, Bezerra RDS. The use of cortical spreading depression for studying the brain actions of antioxidants. Nutr Neurosci 2012; 15:111-9. [PMID: 22583913 DOI: 10.1179/1476830511y.0000000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We review the main adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mammalian organism, introducing the reader on the worldwide problem of the ROS neurophysiological impact on the developing and the adult brain, and discussing the neuroprotective action of antioxidant molecules. METHODS We briefly present the electrophysiological phenomenon designated as 'cortical spreading depression' (CSD), as a parameter of normal brain functioning. We highlight recent electrophysiological advances obtained in experimental studies from our laboratory and from others, showing how to investigate the ROS effects on the brain by using the CSD phenomenon. RESULTS Under conditions such as aging, ROS production by photo-activation of dye molecules and ethanol consumption, we describe the effects, on CSD, of treating animals with (1) antioxidants and (2) with antioxidant-deficient diets. DISCUSSION The current understanding of how ROS affect brain electrophysiological activity and the possible interaction between these ROS effects and those effects of altered nutritional status of the organism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C A Guedes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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34
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Salvadori MGSS, Banderó CRR, Jesse AC, Gomes AT, Rambo LM, Bueno LM, Bortoluzzi VT, Oliveira MS, Mello CF. Prostaglandin E(2) potentiates methylmalonate-induced seizures. Epilepsia 2011; 53:189-98. [PMID: 22091840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Methylmalonic acidemias are inherited metabolic disorders characterized by methylmalonate (MMA) accumulation and neurologic dysfunction, including seizures. It is known that metabolic crises in affected patients are precipitated by infections. Although growing evidence supports that inflammation facilitates seizures, it is not known whether inflammatory mediators facilitate MMA-induced seizures. Therefore, in this study we investigate the involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in MMA-induced seizures. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were implanted with electrodes over the parietal cortex for electroencephalography (EEG) recording and a cannula in the right lateral ventricle. Animals were injected with PGE(2) (100 ng/2 μl, i.c.v.) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (2 μl, i.c.v.), 15 min before MMA (2.5 μmol/2.5 μl, i.c.v.) or NaCl (2.5 μmol/2.5 μl, i.c.v.). The anticonvulsant effect of celecoxib (0.2; 2 or 20 mg/kg, p.o., 60 min before MMA) on MMA-induced seizures, and whether PGE(2) (10 or 100 ng/2 μl, i.c.v.) prevented the anticonvulsant effect of celecoxib (2 mg/kg, p.o.) were also investigated. KEY FINDINGS PGE(2) decreased the latency to MMA-induced jerks and generalized seizures, and increased the amplitude of generalized seizure EEG recordings. The selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib at the dose 2 mg/kg, but not at the dose 20 mg/kg, completely prevented MMA-induced seizures. The protective effect of celecoxib (2 mg/kg) against MMA-induced seizures was prevented by PGE(2). SIGNIFICANCE These results support a role for PGE(2) in the seizures elicited by MMA, which is in agreement with the view that infections may precipitate and exacerbate neurologic dysfunction in patients with MMA acidemic.
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Saraiva ALL, Ferreira APO, Silva LFA, Hoffmann MS, Dutra FD, Furian AF, Oliveira MS, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Creatine reduces oxidative stress markers but does not protect against seizure susceptibility after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull 2011; 87:180-6. [PMID: 22051612 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Achievements made over the last years have highlighted the important role of creatine in health and disease. However, its effects on hyperexcitable circuit and oxidative damage induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI) are not well understood. In the present study we revealed that severe TBI elicited by fluid percussion brain injury induced oxidative damage characterized by protein carbonylation, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) increase and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity inhibition 4 and 8 days after neuronal injury. Statistical analysis showed that after TBI creatine supplementation (300 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the levels of protein carbonyl and TBARS but did not protect against TBI-induced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity inhibition. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis revealed that the injection of a subconvulsant dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.), 4 but not 8 days after neuronal injury, decreased latency for the first clonic seizures and increased the time of spent generalized tonic-clonic seizures compared with the sham group. In addition, creatine supplementation had no effect on convulsive parameters induced by a subconvulsant dose of PTZ. Current experiments provide evidence that lipid and protein oxidation represents a separate pathway in the early post-traumatic seizures susceptibility. Furthermore, the lack of consistent anticonvulsant effect exerted by creatine in this early phase suggests that its apparent antioxidant effect does not protect against excitatory input generation induced by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Lopes Saraiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Neganova ME, Blik VA, Klochkov SG, Chepurnova NE, Shevtsova EF. Investigation of the antioxidant characteristics of a new tryptamine derivative of securinine and its influence on seizure activity in the brain in experimental epilepsy. NEUROCHEM J+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712411030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The involvement of Na+, K+-ATPase activity and free radical generation in the susceptibility to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Sci 2011; 308:35-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Arai Y, Maeda S, Higuchi H, Tomoyasu Y, Shimada M, Miyawaki T. Effects of midazolam and phenobarbital on brain oxidative reactions induced by pentylenetetrazole in a convulsion model. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 34:216-21. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.595417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Shin EJ, Jeong JH, Chung YH, Kim WK, Ko KH, Bach JH, Hong JS, Yoneda Y, Kim HC. Role of oxidative stress in epileptic seizures. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:122-37. [PMID: 21672578 PMCID: PMC3606551 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from excessive free-radical release is likely implicated in the initiation and progression of epilepsy. Therefore, antioxidant therapies aimed at reducing oxidative stress have received considerable attention in epilepsy treatment. However, much evidence suggests that oxidative stress does not always have the same pattern in all seizures models. Thus, this review provides an overview aimed at achieving a better understanding of this issue. We summarize work regarding seizure models (i.e., genetic rat models, kainic acid, pilocarpine, pentylenetetrazol, and trimethyltin), oxidative stress as an etiologic factor in epileptic seizures (i.e., impairment of antioxidant systems, mitochondrial dysfunction, involvement of redox-active metals, arachidonic acid pathway activation, and aging), and antioxidant strategies for seizure treatment. Combined, this review highlights pharmacological mechanisms associated with oxidative stress in epileptic seizures and the potential for neuroprotection in epilepsy that targets oxidative stress and is supported by effective antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharamcology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Ko
- Pharmacology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Bach
- Neuropsychopharamcology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neuropharmacology Section, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharamcology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
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Puri KDS, Sood S, Muthuraman A. Synthesis and evaluation of substituted 5-(3-chloro-2-oxo-4-phenylazetidin-1-ylamino)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triones against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsant in mice. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Monte-Guedes CK, Alves EV, Viana-da-Silva E, Guedes RC. Chronic treatment with ascorbic acid enhances cortical spreading depression in developing well-nourished and malnourished rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 496:191-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effect of Vitamin E on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Aged Rats with PTZ-Induced Convulsions. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-011-9168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Early hippocampal oxidative stress is a direct consequence of seizures in the rapid electrical amygdala kindling model. Epilepsy Res 2010; 90:285-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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G. V, K. SP, V. L, Rajendra W. The antiepileptic effect of Centella asiatica on the activities of Na/K, Mg and Ca-ATPases in rat brain during pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy. Indian J Pharmacol 2010; 42:82-6. [PMID: 20711371 PMCID: PMC2907020 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.64504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the anticonvulsant effect of different extracts of Centella asiatica (CA) in male albino rats with reference to Na(+)/K(+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (150+/-25 g b.w.) were divided into seven groups of six each i.e. (a) control rats treated with saline, (b) pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic group (60 mg/kg, i.p.), (c) epileptic group pretreated with n-hexane extract (n-HE), (d) epileptic group pretreated with chloroform extract (CE), (e) epileptic group pretreated with ethyl acetate extract (EAE), (f) epileptic group pretreated with n-butanol extract (n-BE), and (g) epileptic group pretreated with aqueous extract (AE). RESULTS The activities of three ATPases were decreased in different regions of brain during PTZ-induced epilepsy and were increased in epileptic rats pretreated with different extracts of CA except AE. CONCLUSION The extracts of C. asiatica, except AE, possess anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activity and thus can be used for effective management in treatment of epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visweswari G.
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Biology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Siva Prasad K.
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Biology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lokanatha V.
- Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - W. Rajendra
- Department of Zoology, Division of Molecular Biology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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45
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Yildirim M, Ayyildiz M, Agar E. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity involves in the protective effect of ascorbic acid against penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. Seizure 2010; 19:102-8. [PMID: 20089420 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid and nitric oxide are known to play important roles in epilepsy. The aim of present study was to identify the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the anticonvulsant effects of ascorbic acid on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. Intracortical injection of penicillin (500, International Units (IU)) into the left sensorimotor cortex induced epileptiform activity within 2-5 min. Thirty minutes after penicillin injection, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 100mg/kg), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 40 mg/kg), NO substrate, l-arginine (500 mg/kg) were administered with the most effective dose of ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.). The administration of l-arginine significantly decreased the frequency of epileptiform activity while administration of l-NAME did not influence the mean frequency of epileptiform activity. Injection of 7-NI decreased the mean frequency of epileptiform activity but did not influence amplitude. Ascorbic acid decreased both the mean frequency and amplitude of penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rats. The application of l-NAME partially and temporarily reversed the anticonvulsant effects of ascorbic acid. The results support the hypothesis of neuro-protective role for NO and ascorbic acid. The protective effect of ascorbic acid against epileptiform activity was partially and temporarily reversed by nonspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME, but not selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-NI, indicating that ascorbic acid needs endothelial-NOS/NO route to decrease penicillin-induced epileptiform activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yildirim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
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46
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Additive anticonvulsant effects of creatine supplementation and physical exercise against pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Neurochem Int 2009; 55:333-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Aldarmaa J, Liu Z, Long J, Mo X, Ma J, Liu J. Anti-convulsant effect and mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus extract in vitro and in vivo: protection against oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Neurochem Res 2009; 35:33-41. [PMID: 19578991 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus mongholicus (AM) is a traditional medicinal herb used as a neuroprotective agent for its anxiolytic, antidepressant, antiamnestic, and antiaggresive effects. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-convulsant properties are not well studied. In the present study, we examined the anticonvulsant effects on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice and the possible mechanisms of protection against oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. The behavioral studies showed that the root extract of AM had powerful anticonvulsant effects against seizures induced by PTZ and the biochemical studies showed that root extract of AM inhibited PTZ-induced increase in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and reactive oxygen species, and enhanced mitochondrial function. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies demonstrated that the extracts from the root and aerial parts of AM possess potent effects on scavenging hydroxyl and lipid free radicals. We found that AM extract significantly protected malondialdehyde-induced oxidative damage by ameliorating activities of the mitochondrial complexes I, II, malate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial membrane potential. These data suggest that the anti-convulsant effects of AM extract may be mediated by its protective actions against oxidative damage and amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalsrai Aldarmaa
- Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Department of Biological Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, 28 W. Xian-Ning Road, Xi'an, China
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48
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Silva MIG, Silva MAG, de Aquino Neto MR, Moura BA, de Sousa HL, de Lavor EPH, de Vasconcelos PF, Macêdo DS, de Sousa DP, Vasconcelos SMM, de Sousa FCF. Effects of isopulegol on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice: possible involvement of GABAergic system and antioxidant activity. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:506-13. [PMID: 19559770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of isopulegol, a monoterpene alcohol, in PTZ-induced convulsions and verified possible involved mechanisms. Saline, isopulegol or diazepam were intraperitonealy injected 30 min before PTZ. The latency for development of convulsions and mortality, as well as the mortality protection percentage was recorded. For investigating the involvement of GABAergic system, flumazenil was utilized. The activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase as well as the levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation were measured in brain hippocampus. Similarly to diazepam, isopulegol significantly prolonged the latency for convulsions and mortality of mice. All animals were protected against mortality at higher dose of isopulegol. Flumazenil pretreatment decreased the prolongation of seizure latency induced by both diazepam and isopulegol, although it was not able to reverse the latency and protection percent for mortality. Isopulegol also significantly prevented PTZ-induced increase in lipid peroxidation, preserved catalase activity in normal levels, and prevented the PTZ-induced loss of GSH in hippocampus of mice. These results suggest that the anticonvulsant and bioprotective effects of isopulegol against PTZ-induced convulsions are possibly related to positive modulation of benzodiazepine-sensitive GABA(A) receptors and to antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Izabel Gomes Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, CEP: 60430-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by chronic physical exercise prevents Na+,K+-ATPase activity inhibition after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2009; 1279:147-55. [PMID: 19422810 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is likely to alter brain function and to afford neuroprotection in several neurological diseases. Although the favorable effects of physical exercise on traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients is well known, little information is available regarding the role of free radicals in the improvement induced by physical exercise in an experimental model of TBI induced by fluid percussion injury (FPI). Thus, we investigated whether 6 weeks of swimming training protects against oxidative damage (measured by protein carbonylation and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances-TBARS) and neurochemical alterations represented by immunodetection of alpha subunit and activity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase after FPI in cerebral cortex of rats. Statistical analysis revealed that physical training protected against FPI-induced TBARS and protein carbonylation increase. In addition, physical training was effective against Na(+),K(+)-ATPase enzyme activity inhibition and alpha(1) subunit level decrease after FPI. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the decrease in levels of catalytic alpha(1) subunit of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase induced FPI correlated with TBARS and protein carbonylation content increase. Furthermore, the effective protection exerted by physical training against FPI-induced free radical correlated with the immunocontent of the catalytic alpha(1) subunit maintenance. These data suggest that TBI-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation decreases Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity by decreasing the total number of enzyme molecules, and that physical exercise protects against this effect. Therefore, the effective protection of selected targets, such as Na(+),K(+)-ATPase induced by physical training, supports the idea that physical training may exert prophylactic effects on neuronal cell dysfunction and damage associated with TBI.
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50
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Souza MA, Oliveira MS, Furian AF, Rambo LM, Ribeiro LR, Lima FD, Corte LCD, Silva LFA, Retamoso LT, Corte CLD, Puntel GO, de Avila DS, Soares FAA, Fighera MR, de Mello CF, Royes LFF. Swimming training prevents pentylenetetrazol-induced inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity, seizures, and oxidative stress. Epilepsia 2009; 50:811-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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