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Liu Y, Deng SL, Li LX, Zhou ZX, Lv Q, Wang ZY, Wang F, Chen JG. A circuit from dorsal hippocampal CA3 to parvafox nucleus mediates chronic social defeat stress-induced deficits in preference for social novelty. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabe8828. [PMID: 35196094 PMCID: PMC8865774 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The preference for social novelty is crucial to the social life of humans and rodents. However, the neural mechanisms underlying social novelty preference are poorly understood. Here, we found that chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) reduced the preference for social novelty in mice by impairing the response of CaMKIIα+ neurons in the CA3 region of dorsal hippocampus (dCA3) during approach to an unfamiliar mouse. The deficits of social novelty preference in CSDS-treated mice were reversed by activating the output from dCA3 to the GABAergic neurons in the lateral septum (LS). The activation of GABAergic projection from LS recruited a circuit that inhibited the Foxb1+ neurons in the parvafox nucleus (PFN), which drove social avoidance by projecting to the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG). These results suggest that a previously unidentified circuit of dCA3CaMKIIα+→LSGABA+→PFNFoxb1+→lPAG mediates the deficits of social novelty preference induced by CSDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Si-Long Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang-Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiu Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China
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2
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Pati S, Saba K, Salvi SS, Tiwari P, Chaudhari PR, Verma V, Mukhopadhyay S, Kapri D, Suryavanshi S, Clement JP, Patel AB, Vaidya VA. Chronic postnatal chemogenetic activation of forebrain excitatory neurons evokes persistent changes in mood behavior. eLife 2020; 9:56171. [PMID: 32955432 PMCID: PMC7652419 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early adversity is a risk factor for the development of adult psychopathology. Common across multiple rodent models of early adversity is increased signaling via forebrain Gq-coupled neurotransmitter receptors. We addressed whether enhanced Gq-mediated signaling in forebrain excitatory neurons during postnatal life can evoke persistent mood-related behavioral changes. Excitatory hM3Dq DREADD-mediated chemogenetic activation of forebrain excitatory neurons during postnatal life (P2–14), but not in juvenile or adult windows, increased anxiety-, despair-, and schizophrenia-like behavior in adulthood. This was accompanied by an enhanced metabolic rate of cortical and hippocampal glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Furthermore, we observed reduced activity and plasticity-associated marker expression, and perturbed excitatory/inhibitory currents in the hippocampus. These results indicate that Gq-signaling-mediated activation of forebrain excitatory neurons during the critical postnatal window is sufficient to program altered mood-related behavior, as well as functional changes in forebrain glutamate and GABA systems, recapitulating aspects of the consequences of early adversity. Stress and adversity in early childhood can have long-lasting effects, predisposing people to mental illness and mood disorders in adult life. The weeks immediately before and after birth are critical for establishing key networks of neurons in the brain. Therefore, any disruption to these neural circuits during this time can be detrimental to emotional development. However, it is still unclear which cellular mechanisms cause these lasting changes in behavior. Studies in animals suggest that these long-term effects could result from abnormalities in a few signaling pathways in the brain. For example, it has been proposed that overstimulating the cells that activate circuits in the forebrain – also known as excitatory neurons – may contribute to the behavioral changes that persist into adulthood. To test this theory, Pati et al. used genetic engineering to modulate a signaling pathway in male mice, which is known to stimulate excitatory neurons in the forebrain. The experiments showed that prolonged activation of excitatory neurons in the first two weeks after birth resulted in anxious and despair-like behaviors as the animals aged. The mice also displayed discrepancies in how they responded to certain external sensory information, which is a hallmark of schizophrenia-like behavior. However, engineering the same changes in adolescent and adult mice had no effect on their mood-related behaviors. This animal study reinforces just how critical the first few weeks of life are for optimal brain development. It provides an insight into a possible mechanism of how disruption during this time could alter emotional behavior. The findings are also relevant to psychiatrists interested in the underlying causes of mental illness after early childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthitapranjya Pati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Kamal Saba
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sonali S Salvi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Praachi Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Pratik R Chaudhari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijaya Verma
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sourish Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Darshana Kapri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shital Suryavanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anant B Patel
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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Narducci R, Baroncelli L, Sansevero G, Begenisic T, Prontera C, Sale A, Cenni MC, Berardi N, Maffei L. Early impoverished environment delays the maturation of cerebral cortex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1187. [PMID: 29352131 PMCID: PMC5775315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of exposure to impoverished environments on brain development is unexplored since most studies investigated how environmental impoverishment affects adult brain. To shed light on the impact of early impoverishment on developmental trajectories of the nervous system, we developed a protocol of environmental impoverishment in which dams and pups lived from birth in a condition of reduced sensory-motor stimulation. Focusing on visual system, we measured two indexes of functional development, that is visual acuity, assessed by using Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs), and VEP latency. In addition, we assessed in the visual cortex levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) and myelin maturation, together with the expression of the GABA biosynthetic enzyme GAD67. We found that early impoverishment strongly delays visual acuity and VEP latency development. These functional changes were accompanied by a significant reduction of IGF-1 protein and GAD67 expression, as well as by delayed myelination of nerve fibers, in the visual cortex of impoverished pups. Thus, exposure to impoverished living conditions causes a significant alteration of developmental trajectories leading to a prominent delay of brain maturation. These results underscore the significance of adequate levels of environmental stimulation for the maturation of central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Narducci
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Area San Salvi - Pad. 26, I-50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Baroncelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Sansevero
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Area San Salvi - Pad. 26, I-50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Tatjana Begenisic
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Concetta Prontera
- Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sale
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cenni
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Berardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Area San Salvi - Pad. 26, I-50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Lamberto Maffei
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
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Ahmadalipour A, Sadeghzadeh J, Samaei SA, Rashidy-Pour A. Protective Effects of Enriched Environment Against Transient Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Impairment of Passive Avoidance Memory and Long-Term Potentiation in Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2017; 8:443-452. [PMID: 29942428 PMCID: PMC6010655 DOI: 10.29252/nirp.bcn.8.6.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enriched Environment (EE), a complex novel environment, has been demonstrated to improve synaptic plasticity in both injured and intact animals. The present study investigated the capacity of an early environmental intervention to normalize the impairment of passive avoidance memory and Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) induced by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-vessel occlusion, 2VO) in rats. Methods After weaning, young Wistar rats (22 days old) were housed in EE or Standard Environment (SE) for 40 days. Transient (30-min) incomplete forebrain ischemia was induced 4 days before the passive avoidance memory test and LTP induction. Results The transient forebrain ischemia led to impairment of passive avoidance memory and LTP induction in the Perforant Path-Dentate Gyrus (PP-DG) synapses. Interestingly, housing and growing in EE prior to 2VO was found to significantly reverse 2VO-induced cognitive and LTP impairments. Conclusion Our results suggest that early housing and growing in EE exhibits therapeutic potential to normalize cognitive and LTP abnormalities induced by 2VO ischemic model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadalipour
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Jafar Sadeghzadeh
- Students Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyed Afshin Samaei
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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5
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Sartini S, Lattanzi D, Ambrogini P, Di Palma M, Galati C, Savelli D, Polidori E, Calcabrini C, Rocchi MBL, Sestili P, Cuppini R. Maternal creatine supplementation affects the morpho-functional development of hippocampal neurons in rat offspring. Neuroscience 2015; 312:120-9. [PMID: 26592720 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Creatine supplementation has been shown to protect neurons from oxidative damage due to its antioxidant and ergogenic functions. These features have led to the hypothesis of creatine supplementation use during pregnancy as prophylactic treatment to prevent CNS damage, such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Unfortunately, very little is known on the effects of creatine supplementation during neuron differentiation, while in vitro studies revealed an influence on neuron excitability, leaving the possibility of creatine supplementation during the CNS development an open question. Using a multiple approach, we studied the hippocampal neuron morphological and functional development in neonatal rats born by dams supplemented with 1% creatine in drinking water during pregnancy. CA1 pyramidal neurons of supplemented newborn rats showed enhanced dendritic tree development, increased LTP maintenance, larger evoked-synaptic responses, and higher intrinsic excitability in comparison to controls. Moreover, a faster repolarizing phase of action potential with the appearance of a hyperpolarization were recorded in neurons of the creatine-treated group. Consistently, CA1 neurons of creatine exposed pups exhibited a higher maximum firing frequency than controls. In summary, we found that creatine supplementation during pregnancy positively affects morphological and electrophysiological development of CA1 neurons in offspring rats, increasing neuronal excitability. Altogether, these findings emphasize the need to evaluate the benefits and the safety of maternal intake of creatine in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sartini
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei", via Ca' le Suore, 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - D Lattanzi
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei", via Ca' le Suore, 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - P Ambrogini
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei", via Ca' le Suore, 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - M Di Palma
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei", via Ca' le Suore, 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - C Galati
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei", via Ca' le Suore, 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - D Savelli
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei", via Ca' le Suore, 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - E Polidori
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - C Calcabrini
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - M B L Rocchi
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - P Sestili
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Biomolecular Sciences, via I Maggetti, 26, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - R Cuppini
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Dept. of Earth, Life and Environmental Sciences, Campus Scientifico "Enrico Mattei", via Ca' le Suore, 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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6
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mGluR1/5 receptor densities in the brains of alcoholic subjects: a whole-hemisphere autoradiography study. Psychiatry Res 2013; 212:245-50. [PMID: 23149043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased glutamatergic neurotransmission and hyper-excitability during alcoholic withdrawal and abstinence are associated with increased risk for relapse, in addition to compensatory changes in the glutamatergic system during chronic alcohol intake. Type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlur5) is abundant in brain regions known to be involved in drug reinforcement, yet very little has been published on mGluR1/5 expression in alcoholics. We evaluated the densities of mGluR1/5 binding in the hippocampus and striatum of post-mortem human brains by using [(3)H]Quisqualic acid as a radioligand in whole hemispheric autoradiography of Cloninger type 1 (n=9) and 2 (n=8) alcoholics and healthy controls (n=10). We observed a 30-40% higher mGluR1/5 binding density in the CA2 area of hippocampus in type 1 alcoholics when compared with either type 2 alcoholics or healthy subjects. Although preliminary, and from a relatively small number of subjects from these diagnostic groups, these results suggest that the mGluR1/5 receptors may be increased in type 1 alcoholics in certain brain areas.
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7
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Ruiz-Contreras AE, Soria-Rodríguez G, Almeida-Rosas GA, García-Vaca PA, Delgado-Herrera M, Méndez-Díaz M, Prospéro-García O. Low diversity and low frequency of participation in leisure activities compromise working memory efficiency in young adults. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2012; 139:91-6. [PMID: 22093383 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
People perform leisure activities (LA) every day; pursuits that entail applying cognitive, physical and social abilities. As in old age, doing LA during early and middle adulthood is related to a reduced risk of dementias, probably by generating a cognitive reserve. As it is possible that a relation between doing LA and working memory (WM) efficiency exists in young adults, we assessed whether the diversity and frequency of LA are related to WM efficiency in this population. Ninety-three healthy young subjects solved the n-back task at two levels of difficulty (2, 3), and answered an LA questionnaire on the activities in which they had participated in the month prior to the experiment. Subjects were classified separately on their scores for (1) diversity (high/low) and (2) frequency (high/low) in order to test the relation between each variable and WM efficiency. Though no differences were found, a subsequent analysis of the average of diversity and frequency ratios of LA performance taken together-the diversity/frequency index-showed that low diversity plus low frequency was significantly associated with reduced WM efficiency at this age; results that suggest that frequent participation in diverse LA during youth is related to WM efficiency.
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8
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Abstract
Animals living in an impoverished environment, i.e., without the possibility of physical and social activity, perform worse on cognitive tests compared to animals in an enriched environment. The same cognitive difference is also observed in humans. However, it is not clear whether this difference is caused by a decrease in cognition due to an impoverished environment or an increase due to an enriched environment. This review discusses the impact of an impoverished environment on cognition in animal experimental studies and human experimental studies with community-dwelling and institutionalized older people. Results show that the cognitive functioning of old rats is more affected by an impoverished environment than young rats. Similarly, sedentary and lonely people (impoverished environment) have worse cognitive functioning and show a faster cognitive decline than physically and socially active people. Institutionalization further aggravates cognitive decline, probably due to the impoverished environment of nursing homes. In institutions, residents spend an unnecessary and excessive amount of time in bed; out of bed they show mainly sedentary or completely passive behavior. In conclusion, older people, especially those that have been institutionalized, have poor levels of physical and social activity, which in turn has a negative impact on cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin M Volkers
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Ali I, Salzberg MR, French C, Jones NC. Electrophysiological insights into the enduring effects of early life stress on the brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 214:155-73. [PMID: 21165736 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-2125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links exposure to stress early in life to long-term alterations in brain function, which in turn have been linked to a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders in humans. Electrophysiological approaches to studying these causal pathways have been relatively underexploited. Effects of early life stress on neuronal electrophysiological properties offer a set of potential mechanisms for these susceptibilities, notably in the case of epilepsy. Thus, we review experimental evidence for altered cellular and circuit electrophysiology resulting from exposure to early life stress. Much of this work focuses on limbic long-term potentiation, but other studies address alterations in electrophysiological properties of ion channels, neurotransmitter systems, and the autonomic nervous system. We discuss mechanisms which may mediate these effects, including influences of early life stress on key components of brain synaptic transmission, particularly glutamate, GABA and 5-HT receptors, and influences on neuroplasticity (primarily neurogenesis and synaptic density) and on neuronal network activity. The existing literature, although small, provides strong evidence that early life stress induces enduring, often robust effects on a range of electrophysiological properties, suggesting further study of enduring effects of early life stress employing electrophysiological methods and concepts will be productive in illuminating disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrish Ali
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies show a close relationship between physical activity and cognition. A causal relationship between physical activity and cognition has been observed in children, adolescents, older people without dementia, and in older people in a very early stage of dementia. Considering these positive effects, we argue that a decline in physical activity has a detrimental effect on cognition and behavior in patients with dementia. Merely living in a nursing home reduces the level of physical activity. The level of physical activity may even be reduced to a minimum when physical restraints are applied. The use of physical restraints coincides with stress, further aggravating the already existing neuropathology, which may increase stress and agitation even more. Exercise may reduce stress and agitation.
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11
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Darmopil S, Petanjek Z, Mohammed AH, Bogdanović N. Environmental enrichment alters dentate granule cell morphology in oldest-old rat. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:1845-1856. [PMID: 19175692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus of aged rats shows marked age-related morphological changes that could cause memory deficits. Experimental evidence has established that environmental enrichment attenuates memory deficits in aged rats. We therefore studied whether environmental enrichment produces morphological changes on the dentate granule cells of aged rats. Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats, 24 months of age, were randomly distributed in two groups that were housed under standard (n = 7) or enriched (n = 8) environmental conditions for 26 days. Quantitative data of dendritic morphology from dentate gyrus granule cells were obtained on Golgi-Cox stained sections. Environmental enrichment significantly increased the complexity and size of dendritic tree (total number of segments increased by 61% and length by 116%), and spine density (88% increase). There were large interindividual differences within the enriched group, indicating differential individual responses to environmental stimulation. Previous studies in young animals have shown changes produced by environmental enrichment in the morphology of dentate gyrus granule cells. The results of the present study show that environmental enrichment can also produce changes in dentate granule cell morphology in the senescent brain. In conclusion, the hippocampus retains its neuroplastic capacity during aging, and enriched environmental housing conditions can attenuate age-related dendritic regression and synaptic loss, thus preserving memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Darmopil
- Department for Neurobiology, Caring Science and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Novum Research Park, Stockholm, Sweden.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zdravko Petanjek
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Abdul H Mohammed
- Department for Neurobiology, Caring Science and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Novum Research Park, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Social Sciences, Växjö University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanović
- Department for Neurobiology, Caring Science and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Novum Research Park, Stockholm, Sweden.,Wyeth Pharmaceutical, Global Medical Team - Neuroscience, Maidenhead, London, UK
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12
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Li YQ, Wang XY, Zhai HF, Zhang XY, Kosten T, Lu L. Sex- and age-dependent effects of early postnatal sibling deprivation on spatial learning and memory in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2008; 186:138-42. [PMID: 17765982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of early postnatal sibling deprivation (EPSD) on spatial learning and memory in adult rats. Litters were culled to one pup with its mother on postnatal day (PN) 1 or 7 and their spatial learning and memory ability were examined with Morris water maze in adult. EPSD on PN1 improved, but on PN7 impaired performance of the spatial learning task in adult female rats. However, EPSD did not have any effect on the spatial learning ability in adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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13
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Subcortical regulation of cortical development: some effects of early, selective deprivations. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2007; 164:23-37. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(07)64002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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