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Park KD, Son JY, Kim HK, Kim YM, Ju JS, Jo MJ, Park MK, Lee MK, Ahn DK. Differential Regulation of Intracisternally Injected Angiotensin II-Induced Mechanical Allodynia and Thermal Hyperalgesia in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3279. [PMID: 38137500 PMCID: PMC10741042 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the underlying mechanisms of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by the intracisternal injection of angiotensin (Ang) II. Intracisternal Ang II injection decreased the air puff threshold and head withdrawal latency. To determine the operative receptors for each distinct type of pain behavior, we intracisternally injected Ang II receptor antagonists 2 h after Ang II injection. Losartan, an Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist, alleviated mechanical allodynia. Conversely, PD123319, an Ang II type 1 receptor (AT2R) antagonist, blocked only thermal hyperalgesia. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed the co-localization of AT1R with the astrocyte marker GFAP in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and co-localization of AT2R with CGRP-positive neurons in the trigeminal ganglion. Intracisternal pretreatment with minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, did not affect Ang II-induced mechanical allodynia, whereas L-α-aminoadipate, an astrocyte inhibitor, significantly inhibited Ang II-induced mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, subcutaneous pretreatment with botulinum toxin type A significantly alleviated Ang II-induced thermal hyperalgesia, but not Ang II-induced mechanical allodynia. These results indicate that central Ang II-induced nociception is differentially regulated by AT1R and AT2R. Thus, distinct therapeutic targets must be regulated to overcome pain symptoms caused by multiple underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Don Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (K.-D.P.); (J.-Y.S.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-M.K.); (J.-S.J.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Jo-Young Son
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (K.-D.P.); (J.-Y.S.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-M.K.); (J.-S.J.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Hak-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (K.-D.P.); (J.-Y.S.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-M.K.); (J.-S.J.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (K.-D.P.); (J.-Y.S.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-M.K.); (J.-S.J.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Jin-Sook Ju
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (K.-D.P.); (J.-Y.S.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-M.K.); (J.-S.J.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Min-Jeong Jo
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (K.-D.P.); (J.-Y.S.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-M.K.); (J.-S.J.); (M.-J.J.)
| | - Min-Kyoung Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyung-Woon University, Gumi 39160, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Kyung Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Kuk Ahn
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (K.-D.P.); (J.-Y.S.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-M.K.); (J.-S.J.); (M.-J.J.)
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2
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Nemoto W, Yamagata R, Nakagawasai O, Tan-No K. Angiotensin-Related Peptides and Their Role in Pain Regulation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050755. [PMID: 37237567 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-generating system has been confirmed to play an important role in the regulation of fluid balance and blood pressure and is essential for the maintenance of biological functions. Ang-related peptides and their receptors are found throughout the body and exhibit diverse physiological effects. Accordingly, elucidating novel physiological roles of Ang-generating system has attracted considerable research attention worldwide. Ang-generating system consists of the classical Ang-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/AT1 or AT2 receptor axis and the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MAS1 receptor axis, which negatively regulates AT1 receptor-mediated responses. These Ang system components are expressed in various tissues and organs, forming a local Ang-generating system. Recent findings indicate that changes in the expression of Ang system components under pathological conditions are involved in the development of neuropathy, inflammation, and their associated pain. Here, we summarized the effects of changes in the Ang system on pain transmission in various organs and tissues involved in pain development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nemoto
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Ryota Yamagata
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawasai
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Tan-No
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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3
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Sun Y, Liu X, Wang L, Li L, Quan X, Shi H, Wang T, Mei L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Meng R, Wang J, Dai F. Losartan attenuates acetic acid enema-induced visceral hypersensitivity by inhibiting the ACE1/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis in enteric glial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 946:175650. [PMID: 36907262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) play an important role in visceral hypersensitivity associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Losartan (Los) is known to reduce pain; however, its function in IBS is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate Los's therapeutic effect on visceral hypersensitivity in IBS rats. Thirty rats were randomly divided into control, acetic acid enema (AA), AA + Los low, medium and high dose groups in vivo. EGCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Los in vitro. The molecular mechanisms were explored by assessing the expression of EGC activation markers, pain mediators, inflammatory factors and angiotensin-converting enzyme 1(ACE1)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor axis molecules in colon tissue and EGCs. The results showed that the rats in the AA group showed significantly higher visceral hypersensitivity than the control rats, which was alleviated by different doses of Los. The expression of GFAP, S100β, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was considerably increased in colonic tissues of AA group rats and LPS-treated EGCs compared with control rats and EGCs, and reduced by Los. In addition, Los reversed ACE1/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis upregulation in AA colon tissues and LPS-treated EGCs. These results show that Los inhibits ACE1/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis upregulation by suppressing EGC activation, resulting in reduced expression of pain mediators and inflammatory factors, thereby alleviating visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lianli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Laifu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yindi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jingyao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ruiting Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Abstract
Growing evidence implicates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in multiple facets of neuropathic pain (NP). This narrative review focuses primarily on the major bioactive RAS peptide, Angiotensin II (Ang II), and its receptors, namely type 1 (AT1R) and type 2 (AT2R). Both receptors are involved in the development of NP and represent potential therapeutic targets. We first discuss the potential role of Ang II receptors in modulation of NP in the central nervous system. Ang II receptor expression is widespread in circuits associated with the perception and modulation of pain, but more studies are required to fully characterize receptor distribution, downstream signaling, and therapeutic potential of targeting the central nervous system RAS in NP. We then describe the peripheral neuronal and nonneuronal distribution of the RAS, and its contribution to NP. Other RAS modulators (such as Ang (1-7)) are briefly reviewed as well. AT1R antagonists are analgesic across different pain models, including NP. Several studies show neuronal protection and outgrowth downstream of AT2R activation, which may lead to the use of AT2R agonists in NP. However, blockade of AT2R results in analgesia. Furthermore, expression of the RAS in the immune system and a growing appreciation of neuroimmune crosstalk in NP add another layer of complexity and therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway. A growing number of human studies also hint at the analgesic potential of targeting Ang II signaling. Altogether, Ang II receptor signaling represents a promising, far-reaching, and novel strategy to treat NP.
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Sassi KLM, Martins LB, de Miranda AS, Teixeira AL. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Migraine: A Systematic Review of Human Studies. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:512-519. [PMID: 31995000 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200129160136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a common neurologic condition marked by recurrent episodes of headache. Its pathophysiology is highly complex involving neuronal, inflammatory and vascular mechanisms. The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) can modulate all these mechanism, being a potential pharmacological target for migraine treatment. We carried out a systematic review of the studies evaluating the involvement of RAS in patients with migraine. There is evidence from genetic studies exploring the relation between migraine and RAS-related genes and from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of Angiotensin II Type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in migraine prophylaxis. RAS seems to play a role in the pathophysiology of migraine, but more direct evidence is still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lúcia Moreira Sassi
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, The Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio Lucio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Sadowski B. Differential role of specific cardiovascular neuropeptides in pain regulation: Relevance to cardiovascular diseases. Neuropeptides 2020; 81:102046. [PMID: 32284215 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In many instances, the perception of pain is disproportionate to the strength of the algesic stimulus. Excessive or inadequate pain sensation is frequently observed in cardiovascular diseases, especially in coronary ischemia. The mechanisms responsible for individual differences in the perception of cardiovascular pain are not well recognized. Cardiovascular disorders may provoke pain in multiple ways engaging molecules released locally in the heart due to tissue ischemia, inflammation or cellular stress, and through neurogenic and endocrine mechanisms brought into action by hemodynamic disturbances. Cardiovascular neuropeptides, namely angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], vasopressin, oxytocin, and orexins belong to this group. Although participation of these peptides in the regulation of circulation and pain has been firmly established, their mutual interaction in the regulation of pain in cardiovascular diseases has not been profoundly analyzed. In the present review we discuss the regulation of the release, and mechanisms of the central and systemic actions of these peptides on the cardiovascular system in the context of their central and peripheral nociceptive (Ang II) and antinociceptive [Ang-(1-7), vasopressin, oxytocin, orexins] properties. We also consider the possibility that they may play a significant role in the modulation of pain in cardiovascular diseases. The rationale for focusing attention on these very compounds was based on the following premises (1) cardiovascular disturbances influence the release of these peptides (2) they regulate vascular tone and cardiac function and can influence the intensity of ischemia - the factor initiating pain signals in the cardiovascular system, (3) they differentially modulate nociception through peripheral and central mechanisms, and their effect strongly depends on specific receptors and site of action. Accordingly, an altered release of these peptides and/or pharmacological blockade of their receptors may have a significant but different impact on individual sensation of pain and comfort of an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Sadowski
- School of Engineering and Health, Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 r. 18, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Benitez SG, Seltzer AM, Messina DN, Foscolo MR, Patterson SI, Acosta CG. Cutaneous inflammation differentially regulates the expression and function of Angiotensin-II types 1 and 2 receptors in rat primary sensory neurons. J Neurochem 2019; 152:675-696. [PMID: 31386177 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic and inflammatory pain results from cellular and molecular changes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The type-2 receptor for Angiotensin-II (AT2R) has been involved in this type of pain. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, including the role of the type-1 receptor for Angiotensin-II (AT1R). Here, we used a combination of immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and in vitro and in vivo pharmacological manipulation to examine how cutaneous inflammation affected the expression of AT1R and AT2R in subpopulations of rat DRG neurons and studied their impact on inflammation-induced neuritogenesis. We demonstrated that AT2R-neurons express C- or A-neuron markers, primarily IB4, trkA, and substance-P. AT1R expression was highest in small neurons and co-localized significantly with AT2R. In vitro, an inflammatory soup caused significant elevation of AT2R mRNA, whereas AT1R mRNA levels remained unchanged. In vivo, we found a unique pattern of change in the expression of AT1R and AT2R after cutaneous inflammation. AT2R increased in small neurons at 1 day and in medium size neurons at 4 days. Interestingly, cutaneous inflammation increased AT1R levels only in large neurons at 4 days. We found that in vitro and in vivo AT1R and AT2R acted co-operatively to regulate DRG neurite outgrowth. In vivo, AT2R inhibition impacted more on non-peptidergic C-neurons neuritogenesis, whereas AT1R blockade affected primarily peptidergic nerve terminals. Thus, cutaneous-induced inflammation regulated AT1R and AT2R expression and function in different DRG neuronal subpopulations at different times. These findings must be considered when targeting AT1R and AT2R to treat chronic inflammatory pain. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio G Benitez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Dolor, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alicia M Seltzer
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Embriología e Histología (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego N Messina
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Dolor, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mabel R Foscolo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Dolor, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sean I Patterson
- Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.,Instituto de Histología y Embriología - CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cristian G Acosta
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Dolor, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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8
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Nemoto W. Behavioral and Molecular Pharmacological Study of the Role of Angiotensin II in Spinal Pain Transmission. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:1235-1240. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nemoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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10
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Treatment with telmisartan, a long-acting angiotensin II receptor blocker, prevents migraine attacks in Japanese non-responders to lomerizine. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:827-831. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-2854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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ACE and ARB Agents in the Prophylactic Therapy of Migraine—How Effective Are They? Curr Treat Options Neurol 2016; 18:15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-016-0397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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Angiotensin II receptor blockers: a new possible treatment for chronic migraine? Neurol Sci 2015; 36:1483-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Abstract
Pharmacological, surgical, psychological, and alternative medicine approaches for the treatment of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, provide only partial relief for most patients, with the efficacy of existing medications often blunted by dose-limiting side effects arising from drug actions on cells outside the pain-signaling axis. The development of more effective treatments for pain--particularly chronic pain states such as neuropathic pain--has been hampered by lack of predictive animal models and biomarkers, variation in pain characteristics between patients or on a day-to-day basis for single patients, patient stratification on the basis of symptoms rather than mechanism, and a high rate of placebo responses. We discuss genetic and genomic approaches to translational pain research. We review examples of the identification and validation of human pain targets through rodent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and global mRNA expression studies, functional screening in flies and mice, human GWAS and whole-exome sequencing studies, and the targeted candidate gene approach. These and other emerging genetic and genomic strategies are likely to facilitate the development of new, more effective pain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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14
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The intrathecal administration of losartan, an AT1 receptor antagonist, produces an antinociceptive effect through the inhibiton of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the mouse formalin test. Neurosci Lett 2015; 585:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Renin–angiotensin system in pain: Existing in a double life? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 15:329-40. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320313503694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
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16
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Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a major regulatory system controlling many different homeostatic mechanisms both within the brain and in the periphery. While it is primarily associated with blood pressure and salt/water regulation, increasing evidence points to the involvement of the RAS in both headache disorders specifically and pain regulation in general. Several publications have indicated that drugs blocking various elements of the renin-angiotensin system lead to a reduction in migraine. Additionally, interventions on different angiotensin peptides or their receptors have been shown to both reduce and increase pain in animal models. As such, modulation of the renin-angiotensin system is a promising approach to the treatment of headaches and other pain conditions.
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17
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Ripa P, Ornello R, Pistoia F, Carolei A, Sacco S. The renin-angiotensin system: a possible contributor to migraine pathogenesis and prophylaxis. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 14:1043-55. [PMID: 25115162 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.946408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a tissue-based renin-angiotensin system, independent of the systemic one, has been identified in several organs including the brain. Experimental models have suggested the involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in neurogenic inflammation, susceptibility to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and neuromodulation of nociceptive transmission, thus potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of migraine. Genetic factors that increase susceptibility to migraine may include angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism, although available data are controversial. Clinical studies have suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be effective in migraine prophylaxis. However, further research should clarify whether the postulated preventive effect is attributable to a pharmacological action over and above the antihypertensive effect and should test their tolerability in subjects with normal blood pressure values. In patients with contraindications or not responding to conventional prophylactic drugs and in patients with comorbid arterial hypertension, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be used for migraine prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ripa
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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18
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Smith SB, Mir E, Bair E, Slade GD, Dubner R, Fillingim RB, Greenspan JD, Ohrbach R, Knott C, Weir B, Maixner W, Diatchenko L. Genetic variants associated with development of TMD and its intermediate phenotypes: the genetic architecture of TMD in the OPPERA prospective cohort study. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2014; 14:T91-101.e1-3. [PMID: 24275226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genetic risk factors are believed to combine with environmental exposures and contribute to the risk of developing temporomandibular disorder (TMD). In this prospective cohort study, 2,737 people without TMD were assessed for common genetic variation in 358 genes known to contribute to nociceptive pathways, inflammation, and affective distress. During a median follow-up period of 2.8 years, 260 people developed first-onset TMD. Hazard ratios were computed as measures of association between 2,924 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and TMD incidence. After correction for multiple testing, no single single-nucleotide polymorphism was significantly associated with risk of onset TMD. However, several single-nucleotide polymorphisms exceeded Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison or false discovery rate thresholds (.05, .1, or .2) for association with intermediate phenotypes shown to be predictive of TMD onset. Nonspecific orofacial symptoms were associated with voltage-gated sodium channel, type I, alpha subunit (SCN1A, rs6432860, P = 2.77 × 10(-5)) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, rs1514280, P = 4.86 × 10(-5)); global psychological symptoms with prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1, rs3842803, P = 2.79 × 10(-6)); stress and negative affectivity with amyloid-β (A4) precursor protein (APP, rs466448, P = 4.29 × 10(-5)); and heat pain temporal summation with multiple PDZ domain protein (MPDZ, rs10809907, P = 3.05 × 10(-5)). The use of intermediate phenotypes for complex pain diseases revealed new genetic pathways influencing risk of TMD. PERSPECTIVE This article reports the findings of a large candidate gene association study of first-onset TMD and related intermediate phenotypes in the OPPERA Study. Although no genetic markers predicted TMD onset, several genetic risk factors for clinical, psychological, and sensory phenotypes associated with TMD onset were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shad B Smith
- Regional Center for Neurosensory Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Endodontics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Nemoto W, Ogata Y, Nakagawasai O, Yaoita F, Tadano T, Tan-No K. Angiotensin (1-7) prevents angiotensin II-induced nociceptive behaviour via inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation mediated through spinal Mas receptors in mice. Eur J Pain 2014; 18:1471-9. [PMID: 24733750 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently demonstrated that intrathecal (i.t.) administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) induces nociceptive behaviour in mice accompanied by a phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mediated through Ang II type 1 (AT1 ) receptors. The N-terminal fragment of Ang II, Ang (1-7), plays a pivotal role in counterbalancing many of the well-established actions induced by Ang II. However, the role of Ang (1-7) in spinal nociceptive transmission remains unclear. Therefore, we examined whether i.t. administration of Ang (1-7) can inhibit the Ang II-induced nociceptive behaviour in mice. METHODS In the behavioural experiments, the accumulated response time of nociceptive behaviour consisting of scratching, biting and licking in conscious mice was determined during a 25-min period starting after i.t. injection. The distribution and localization of AT1 or Mas receptors were analysed using a MapAnalyzer and confocal microscope, respectively. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the dorsal spinal cord was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS The nociceptive behaviour induced by Ang II was dose-dependently inhibited by the co-administration of Ang (1-7). The inhibitory effect of Ang (1-7) was reversed by the co-administration of A779, a Mas receptor antagonist. Western blot analysis showed that the increase in spinal p38 MAPK phosphorylation following the i.t. administration of Ang II was also inhibited by Ang (1-7), and the Ang (1-7) induced-inhibition was prevented by A779. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the i.t. administration of Ang (1-7) attenuates an Ang II-induced nociceptive behaviour and is accompanied by the inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation mediated through Mas receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nemoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Anand U, Facer P, Yiangou Y, Sinisi M, Fox M, McCarthy T, Bountra C, Korchev YE, Anand P. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 R) localization and antagonist-mediated inhibition of capsaicin responses and neurite outgrowth in human and rat sensory neurons. Eur J Pain 2013; 17:1012-26. [PMID: 23255326 PMCID: PMC3748799 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The angiotensin II (AngII) receptor subtype 2 (AT2 R) is expressed in sensory neurons and may play a role in nociception and neuronal regeneration. METHODS We used immunostaining with characterized antibodies to study the localization of AT2 R in cultured human and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and a range of human tissues. The effects of AngII and AT2 R antagonist EMA401 on capsaicin responses in cultured human and rat (DRG) neurons were measured with calcium imaging, on neurite length and density with Gap43 immunostaining, and on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) expression using immunofluorescence. RESULTS AT2 R expression was localized in small-/medium-sized cultured neurons of human and rat DRG. Treatment with the AT2 R antagonist EMA401 resulted in dose-related functional inhibition of capsaicin responses (IC50 = 10 nmol/L), which was reversed by 8-bromo-cAMP, and reduced neurite length and density; AngII treatment significantly enhanced capsaicin responses, cAMP levels and neurite outgrowth. The AT1 R antagonist losartan had no effect on capsaicin responses. AT2 R was localized in sensory neurons of human DRG, and nerve fibres in peripheral nerves, skin, urinary bladder and bowel. A majority sub-population (60%) of small-/medium-diameter neuronal cells were immunopositive in both control post-mortem and avulsion-injured human DRG; some very small neurons appeared to be intensely immunoreactive, with TRPV1 co-localization. While AT2 R levels were reduced in human limb peripheral nerve segments proximal to injury, they were preserved in painful neuromas. CONCLUSIONS AT2 R antagonists could be particularly useful in the treatment of chronic pain and hypersensitivity associated with abnormal nerve sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Anand
- Peripheral Neuropathy Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Imperial College London, UK
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21
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Nemoto W, Nakagawasai O, Yaoita F, Kanno SI, Yomogida S, Ishikawa M, Tadano T, Tan-No K. Angiotensin II produces nociceptive behavior through spinal AT1 receptor-mediated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in mice. Mol Pain 2013; 9:38. [PMID: 23898828 PMCID: PMC3737069 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) participates in either the inhibition or the facilitation of nociceptive transmission depending on the brain area. Neuronal Ang II is locally synthesized not only in the brain, but also in the spinal cord. Though the spinal cord is an important area for the modulation of nociception, the role of spinal Ang II in nociceptive transmission remains unclear. Therefore, in order to elucidate the role of Ang II in nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord, we examined the effect of intrathecal (i.t.) administration of Ang II into mice. Results I.t. administration of Ang II produced a behavioral response in mice mainly consisting of biting and/or licking of the hindpaw and the tail along with slight hindlimb scratching directed toward the flank. The behavior induced by Ang II (3 pmol) was dose-dependently inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of morphine (0.1-0.3 mg/kg), suggesting that the behavioral response is related to nociception. The nociceptive behavior was also inhibited dose-dependently by i.t. co-administration of losartan (0.3-3 nmol), an Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, and SB203580 (0.1-1 nmol), a p38 MAPK inhibitor. However, the Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonist PD123319, the upstream inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation U0126, and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 had no effect on Ang II-induced nociceptive behavior. Western blot analysis showed that the i.t. injection of Ang II induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the lumbar dorsal spinal cord, which was inhibited by losartan, without affecting ERK1/2 and JNK. Furthermore, we found that AT1 receptor expression was relatively high in the lumbar superficial dorsal horn. Conclusions Our data show that i.t. administration of Ang II induces nociceptive behavior accompanied by the activation of p38 MAPK signaling mediated through AT1 receptors. This observation indicates that Ang II may act as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the spinal transmission of nociceptive information.
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Effect of Subpressor Dose of Angiotensin II on Pain-Related Behavior in Relation with Neuronal Injury and Activation of Satellite Glial Cells in the Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:681-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Williams FMK, Scollen S, Cao D, Memari Y, Hyde CL, Zhang B, Sidders B, Ziemek D, Shi Y, Harris J, Harrow I, Dougherty B, Malarstig A, McEwen R, Stephens JC, Patel K, Menni C, Shin SY, Hodgkiss D, Surdulescu G, He W, Jin X, McMahon SB, Soranzo N, John S, Wang J, Spector TD. Genes contributing to pain sensitivity in the normal population: an exome sequencing study. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003095. [PMID: 23284290 PMCID: PMC3527205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitivity to pain varies considerably between individuals and is known to be heritable. Increased sensitivity to experimental pain is a risk factor for developing chronic pain, a common and debilitating but poorly understood symptom. To understand mechanisms underlying pain sensitivity and to search for rare gene variants (MAF<5%) influencing pain sensitivity, we explored the genetic variation in individuals' responses to experimental pain. Quantitative sensory testing to heat pain was performed in 2,500 volunteers from TwinsUK (TUK): exome sequencing to a depth of 70× was carried out on DNA from singletons at the high and low ends of the heat pain sensitivity distribution in two separate subsamples. Thus in TUK1, 101 pain-sensitive and 102 pain-insensitive were examined, while in TUK2 there were 114 and 96 individuals respectively. A combination of methods was used to test the association between rare variants and pain sensitivity, and the function of the genes identified was explored using network analysis. Using causal reasoning analysis on the genes with different patterns of SNVs by pain sensitivity status, we observed a significant enrichment of variants in genes of the angiotensin pathway (Bonferroni corrected p = 3.8×10−4). This pathway is already implicated in animal models and human studies of pain, supporting the notion that it may provide fruitful new targets in pain management. The approach of sequencing extreme exome variation in normal individuals has provided important insights into gene networks mediating pain sensitivity in humans and will be applicable to other common complex traits. Chronic widespread pain is a complex clinical problem. Identification of underlying genetic factors would shed light on the biology of pain and offer targets for novel therapies. We aimed to identify rare genetic variants in the normal population associated with pain sensation by performing exome sequencing on individuals who were more or less sensitive to heat pain. While we did not identify any single variants having large effect, we did observe major group differences between the sensitive and insensitive individuals. Network analysis suggested a role for the angiotensin pathway, which previous work in animal models has suggested is important in pain mediation. Our results cast light on the genetic factors underlying normal pain sensation in humans and the utility of exome analyses. It suggests that further exploration of the angiotensin pathway may reveal novel targets for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. K. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Scollen
- Pfizer Limited, Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yasin Memari
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Craig L. Hyde
- Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Sidders
- Pfizer Limited, Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ziemek
- Worldwide R&D, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Juliette Harris
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Harrow
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Dougherty
- Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Anders Malarstig
- Pfizer Limited, Neusentis, Granta Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert McEwen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Joel C. Stephens
- Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ketan Patel
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Hodgkiss
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Surdulescu
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wen He
- Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Sally John
- Pfizer Research Laboratories, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI–Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (JW); (TDS)
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (JW); (TDS)
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Guethe LM, Pelegrini-da-Silva A, Borelli KG, Juliano MA, Pelosi GG, Pesquero JB, Silva CLM, Corrêa FMA, Murad F, Prado WA, Martins AR. Angiotensin (5-8) modulates nociception at the rat periaqueductal gray via the NO-sGC pathway and an endogenous opioid. Neuroscience 2012; 231:315-27. [PMID: 23219939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensins (Angs) modulate blood pressure, hydro-electrolyte composition, and antinociception. Although Ang (5-8) has generally been considered to be inactive, we show here that Ang (5-8) was the smallest Ang to elicit dose-dependent responses and receptor-mediated antinociception in the rat ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG). Ang (5-8) antinociception seems to be selective, because it did not alter blood pressure or act on vascular or intestinal smooth muscle cells. The non-selective Ang-receptor (Ang-R) antagonist saralasin blocked Ang (5-8) antinociception, but selective antagonists of Ang-R types I, II, IV, and Mas did not, suggesting that Ang (5-8) may act via an unknown receptor. Endopeptidase EP 24.11 and amastatin-sensitive aminopeptidase from the vlPAG catalyzed the synthesis (from Ang II or Ang III) and inactivation of Ang (5-8), respectively. Selective inhibitors of neuronal-nitric oxide (NO) synthase, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and a non-selective opioid receptor (opioid-R) inhibitor blocked Ang (5-8)-induced antinociception. In conclusion, Ang (5-8) is a new member of the Ang family that selectively and strongly modulates antinociception via NO-sGC and endogenous opioid in the vlPAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Guethe
- Department of Psychology, FFCLRP University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-901, SP, Brazil
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Panneton WM, Gan Q, Le J, Livergood RS, Clerc P, Juric R. Activation of brainstem neurons by underwater diving in the rat. Front Physiol 2012; 3:111. [PMID: 22563319 PMCID: PMC3342523 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian diving response is a powerful autonomic adjustment to underwater submersion greatly affecting heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and ventilation. The bradycardia is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system, arterial blood pressure is mediated via the sympathetic system and still other circuits mediate the respiratory changes. In the present study we investigate the cardiorespiratory responses and the brainstem neurons activated by voluntary diving of trained rats, and, compare them to control and swimming animals which did not dive. We show that the bradycardia and increase in arterial blood pressure induced by diving were significantly different than that induced by swimming. Neuronal activation was calculated after immunohistochemical processing of brainstem sections for Fos protein. Labeled neurons were counted in the caudal pressor area, the medullary dorsal horn, subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), the nucleus raphe pallidus (RPa), the rostroventrolateral medulla, the A5 area, the nucleus locus coeruleus, the Kölliker–Fuse area, and the external lateral and superior lateral subnuclei of the parabrachial nucleus. All these areas showed significant increases in Fos labeling when data from voluntary diving rats were compared to control rats and all but the commissural subnucleus of the NTS, A5 area, and RPa were significantly different from swimming rats. These data provide a substrate for more precise experiments to determine the role of these nuclei in the reflex circuits driving the diving response.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Michael Panneton
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
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Martins I, Cabral L, Pinto A, Wilson S, Lima D, Tavares I. Reversal of inflammatory pain by HSV-1-mediated overexpression of enkephalin in the caudal ventrolateral medulla. Eur J Pain 2012; 15:1008-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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27
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Marques-Lopes J, Martins I, Pinho D, Morato M, Wilson SP, Albino-Teixeira A, Tavares I. Decrease in the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii induces antinociception and increases blood pressure. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:356-66. [PMID: 21948527 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) have a role in cardiovascular control at the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), eliciting increases or decreases in blood pressure (BP), depending on the area injected with the agonists. In spite of the association between cardiovascular control and pain modulation, the effects of manipulating NMDAR in pain responses have never been evaluated. In this study, we decreased the expression of NMDAR in the NTS using gene transfer to target receptor subunits and evaluate long-term effects. Seven days after the injection of lentiviral vectors containing the NR1a subunit cDNA of NMDAR, in antisense orientation, into the intermediate NTS of Wistar rats, BP was measured, and the formalin test of nociception was performed. The antisense vector induced a decrease of NR1 expression in the NTS and elicited BP rises and hypoalgesia. Antisense vectors inhibited formalin-evoked c-Fos expression in the spinal cord, indicating decreased nociceptive activity of spinal neurons. Using a time-course approach, we verified that the onset of both the increases in BP and the hypoalgesia was at 4 days after vector injection into the NTS. The injection of NMDA into the NTS reversed the effects of antisense vectors in pain behavioral responses and spinal neuronal activation and decreased BP and heart rate. The present study shows that the NR1 subunit of the NMDAR at the NTS is critical in the regulation of tonic cardiovascular and nociceptive control and shows an involvement of the nucleus in the modulation of sustained pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marques-Lopes
- Instituto de Farmacologia & Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Pinto-Ribeiro F, Ansah OB, Almeida A, Pertovaara A. Response properties of nociceptive neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) in monoarthritic and healthy control rats: Modulation of responses by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Marques-Lopes J, Pinho D, Albino-Teixeira A, Tavares I. The hyperalgesic effects induced by the injection of angiotensin II into the caudal ventrolateral medulla are mediated by the pontine A5 noradrenergic cell group. Brain Res 2010; 1325:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Patil J, Schwab A, Nussberger J, Schaffner T, Saavedra JM, Imboden H. Intraneuronal angiotensinergic system in rat and human dorsal root ganglia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 162:90-8. [PMID: 20346377 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the local formation of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the neurons of sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRG), we studied the expression of angiotensinogen (Ang-N)-, renin-, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)- and cathepsin D-mRNA, and the presence of protein renin, Ang II, Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the rat and human thoracic DRG. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) studies revealed that rat DRG expressed substantial amounts of Ang-N- and ACE mRNA, while renin mRNA as well as the protein renin were untraceable. Cathepsin D-mRNA and cathepsin D-protein were detected in the rat DRG indicating the possibility of existence of pathways alternative to renin for Ang I formation. Angiotensin peptides were successfully detected with high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay in human DRG extracts. In situ hybridization in rat DRG confirmed additionally expression of Ang-N mRNA in the cytoplasm of numerous neurons. Intracellular Ang II staining could be shown in number of neurons and their processes in both the rat and human DRG. Interestingly we observed neuronal processes with angiotensinergic synapses en passant, colocalized with synaptophysin, within the DRG. In the DRG, we also identified by qRT-PCR, expression of Ang II receptor AT(1A) and AT(2)-mRNA while AT(1B)-mRNA was not traceable. In some neurons Substance P and CGRP were found colocalized with Ang II. The intracellular localization and colocalization of Ang II with Substance P and CGRP in the DRG neurons may indicate a participation and function of Ang II in the regulation of nociception. In conclusion, these results suggest that Ang II may be produced locally in the neurons of rat and human DRG and act as a neurotransmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Patil
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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