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Holubiec MI, Romero JI, Urbainsky C, Gellert M, Galeano P, Capani F, Lillig CH, Hanschmann EM. Nucleoredoxin Plays a Key Role in the Maintenance of Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Differentiation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061106. [PMID: 35740003 PMCID: PMC9220054 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin (Nrx) belongs to the Thioredoxin protein family and functions in redox-mediated signal transduction. It contains the dithiol active site motif Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys and interacts and regulates different proteins in distinct cellular pathways. Nrx was shown to be catalytically active in the insulin assay and recent findings indicate that Nrx functions, in fact, as oxidase. Here, we have analyzed Nrx in the mammalian retina exposed to (perinatal) hypoxia-ischemia/reoxygenation, combining ex vivo and in vitro models. Our data show that Nrx regulates cell differentiation, which is important to (i) increase the number of glial cells and (ii) replenish neurons that are lost following the hypoxic insult. Nrx is essential to maintain cell morphology. These regulatory changes are related to VEGF but do not seem to be linked to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is not affected by Nrx knock-down. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that hypoxia-ischemia could lead to alterations in the organization of the retina, related to changes in RPE cell differentiation. Nrx may play an essential role in the maintenance of the RPE cell differentiation state via the regulation of VEGF release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana I. Holubiec
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas “Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini” (ININCA), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1122, Argentina;
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires, Partner Institute of the MaxPlank Society (IBioBA-CONICET-MPSP), Buenos Aires 2390, Argentina
- Correspondence: (M.I.H.); (E.-M.H.); Tel.: +54-11-51618547 (M.I.H.); +49-211-8106040 (E.-M.H.)
| | - Juan I. Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina; (J.I.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Claudia Urbainsky
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.U.); (M.G.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Manuela Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.U.); (M.G.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Pablo Galeano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires 1405, Argentina; (J.I.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Francisco Capani
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas “Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini” (ININCA), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires 1122, Argentina;
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires 1600, Argentina
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.U.); (M.G.); (C.H.L.)
| | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (C.U.); (M.G.); (C.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.I.H.); (E.-M.H.); Tel.: +54-11-51618547 (M.I.H.); +49-211-8106040 (E.-M.H.)
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Fan X, Wang H, Zhang L, Tang J, Qu Y, Mu D. Neuroprotection of hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning in neonatal brain with hypoxic-ischemic injury. Rev Neurosci 2020; 32:/j/revneuro.ahead-of-print/revneuro-2020-0024/revneuro-2020-0024.xml. [PMID: 32866133 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal brain is susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injury due to its developmental characteristics. Hypoxia-ischemia means a decreased perfusion of oxygen and glucose, which can lead to severe encephalopathy. Although early initiation of therapeutic hypothermia was reported to provide neuroprotection for infants after HI, hypothermia administered alone after the acute insult cannot reverse the severe damage that already has occurred or improve the prognosis of severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Therefore, exploring new protective mechanisms for treating hypoxic-ischemic brain damage are imperative. Until now, many studies reported the neuroprotective mechanisms of hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning in protecting the hypoxic-ischemic newborn brains. After hypoxia and ischemia, hypoxia-inducible factor signaling pathway is involved in the transcriptional regulation of many genes and is also play a number of different roles in protecting brains during hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning. Hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning could protect neonatal brain by several mechanisms, including vascular regulation, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation, suppression of excitotoxicity, immune regulation, hormone levels regulation, and promote cell proliferation. This review focused on the protective mechanisms underlying hypoxic/ischemic preconditioning for neonatal brain after hypoxia-ischemia and emphasized on the important roles of hypoxia inducible factor 1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041,China
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3
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Becerra-González M, Varman Durairaj R, Ostos Valverde A, Gualda EJ, Loza-Alvarez P, Portillo Martínez W, Gómez-González GB, Buffo A, Martínez-Torres A. Response to Hypoxic Preconditioning of Glial Cells from the Roof of the Fourth Ventricle. Neuroscience 2020; 439:211-229. [PMID: 31689390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum harbors a specialized area on the roof of the fourth ventricle that is composed of glial cells and neurons that interface with the cerebrospinal fluid. This region includes the so-called ventromedial cord (VMC), which is composed of cells that are glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive and nestin-positive and distributes along the midline in association with blood vessels. We hypothesized that these cells should compare to GFAP and nestin-positive cells that are known to exist in other areas of the brain, which undergo proliferation and differentiation under hypoxic conditions. Thus, we tested whether cells of the VMC would display a similar reaction to hypoxic preconditioning (HPC). Indeed, we found that the VMC does respond to HPC by reorganizing its cellular components before it gradually returns to its basal state after about a week. This response we documented by monitoring global changes in the expression of GFAP-EGFP in transgenic mice, using light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) revealed a dramatic loss of EGFP upon HPC, and was paralleled by retraction of Bergmann glial cell processes. This EGFP loss was supported by western blot analysis, which also showed a loss in the astrocyte-markers GFAP and ALDH1L1. On the other hand, other cell-markers appeared to be upregulated in the blots (including nestin, NeuN, and Iba1). Finally, we found that HPC does not remarkably affect the incorporation of BrdU into cells on the cerebellum, but strongly augments BrdU incorporation into periventricular cells on the floor of the fourth ventricle over the adjacent medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marymar Becerra-González
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Ragu Varman Durairaj
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Aline Ostos Valverde
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Emilio J Gualda
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Wendy Portillo Martínez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Laboratorio de Plasticidad y Conducta Sexual, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Berenice Gómez-González
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Annalisa Buffo
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi-Montalcini, University of Turin, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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4
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Otero-Losada M, L C, Udovin L, Kobiec T, Toro-Urrego N, A KFR, Capani F. Long-Term Effects of Hypoxia-Reoxygenation on Thioredoxins in Rat Central Nervous System. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4791-4798. [PMID: 31823698 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191211111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress induced by the oxidative pathway dysregulation following ischemia/ reperfusion has been proposed as an important cause of neuronal death and brain damage. The proteins of the thioredoxin (Trx) family are crucial mediators of protein function regulating the intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels and redox-sensitive post-translational protein changes. AIM To analyze the expression and distribution of fourteen members of the Trx family, potentially essential for the regeneration upon long-term brain damage, in a perinatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model induced by common carotid artery ligation. METHODS The right common carotid artery (CCA) was exposed by an incision on the right side of the neck, isolated from nerve and vein, and permanently ligated. Sham-surgery rats underwent right CCA surgical exposure but no ligation. Euthanasia was administered to all rats at 30, 60, and 90 days of age. Protein expression and distribution of fourteen members of the Trx family and related proteins (Grx1, Grx2, Grx3, Grx5, Prx1, Prx2, Prx3, Prx4, Prx5, Prx6, Trx1, Trx2, TrxR1, TrxR2) was examined in the most hypoxia susceptible rat brain areas, namely, cerebellum, corpus striatum, and the hippocampus. RESULTS The thioredoxin proteins displayed a complex, cell-type, and tissue-specific expression pattern following ischemia/reperfusion. Even 60 days after ischemia/reperfusion, Western blot analysis showed a persistent expression of Trx1 and Grx2 in several brain areas. CONCLUSION The Trx family of proteins might contribute to long-term survival and recovery supporting their therapeutic use to curtail ischemic brain oxidative damage following an ischemia/reperfusion insult. Characterization of ischemia/reperfusion oxidative brain damage and analysis of the involved mechanisms are required to understand the underneath processes triggered by ischemia/reperfusion and to what extent and in what way thioredoxins contribute to recovery from brain hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Otero-Losada
- Institute of Cardiological Research, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council, ININCA.UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Canepa L
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Argentina John Kennedy (UAJK), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Udovin
- Institute of Cardiological Research, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council, ININCA.UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Kobiec
- Institute of Cardiological Research, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council, ININCA.UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Toro-Urrego
- Institute of Cardiological Research, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council, ININCA.UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kölliker-Frers Rodolfo A
- Institute of Cardiological Research, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council, ININCA.UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Institute of Cardiological Research, University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council, ININCA.UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Merlo S, Luaces JP, Spampinato SF, Toro-Urrego N, Caruso GI, D’Amico F, Capani F, Sortino MA. SIRT1 Mediates Melatonin's Effects on Microglial Activation in Hypoxia: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030364. [PMID: 32120833 PMCID: PMC7175216 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exerts direct neuroprotection against cerebral hypoxic damage, but the mechanisms of its action on microglia have been less characterized. Using both in vitro and in vivo models of hypoxia, we here focused on the role played by silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) in melatonin's effects on microglia. Viability of rat primary microglia or microglial BV2 cells and SH-SY5Y neurons was significantly reduced after chemical hypoxia with CoCl2 (250 μM for 24 h). Melatonin (1 μM) significantly attenuated CoCl2 toxicity on microglia, an effect prevented by selective SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 (5 μM) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor BML-275 (2 μM). CoCl2 did not modify SIRT1 expression, but prevented nuclear localization, while melatonin appeared to restore it. CoCl2 induced nuclear localization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), an effect contrasted by melatonin in an EX527-dependent fashion. Treatment of microglia with melatonin attenuated potentiation of neurotoxicity. Common carotid occlusion was performed in p7 rats, followed by intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (10 mg/kg). After 24 h, the number of Iba1+ microglia in the hippocampus of hypoxic rats was significantly increased, an effect not prevented by melatonin. At this time, SIRT1 was only detectable in the amoeboid, Iba1+ microglial population selectively localized in the corpus callosum. In these cells, nuclear localization of SIRT1 was significantly lower in hypoxic animals, an effect prevented by melatonin. NF-kB showed an opposite expression pattern, where nuclear localization in Iba1+ cells was significantly higher in hypoxic, but not in melatonin-treated animals. Our findings provide new evidence for a direct effect of melatonin on hypoxic microglia through SIRT1, which appears as a potential pharmacological target against hypoxic-derived neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (S.F.S.); (G.I.C.)
| | - Juan Pablo Luaces
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1122, Argentina; (J.P.L.); (N.T.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Simona Federica Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (S.F.S.); (G.I.C.)
| | - Nicolas Toro-Urrego
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1122, Argentina; (J.P.L.); (N.T.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Grazia Ilaria Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (S.F.S.); (G.I.C.)
| | - Fabio D’Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Francisco Capani
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1122, Argentina; (J.P.L.); (N.T.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (S.F.S.); (G.I.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-4781192
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Holubiec MI, Galeano P, Romero JI, Hanschmann EM, Lillig CH, Capani F. Thioredoxin 1 Plays a Protective Role in Retinas Exposed to Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Neuroscience 2019; 425:235-250. [PMID: 31785355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin family proteins are key modulators of cellular redox regulation and have been linked to several physiological functions, including the cellular response to hypoxia-ischemia. During perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (PHI), the central nervous system is subjected to a fast decrease in O2 and nutrients with a subsequent reoxygenation that ultimately leads to the production of reactive species impairing physiological redox signaling. Particularly, the retina is one of the most affected tissues, due to its high oxygen consumption and exposure to light. One of the main consequences of PHI is retinopathy of prematurity, comprising changes in retinal neural and vascular development, with further compensatory mechanisms that can ultimately lead to retinal detachment and blindness. In this study, we have analyzed long-term changes that occur in the retina using two well established in vivo rat PHI models (perinatal asphyxia and carotid ligation model), as well as the ARPE-19 cell line that was exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation. We observed significant changes in the protein levels of the cytosolic oxidoreductase thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) in both animal models and a cell model. Knock-down of Trx1 in ARPE-19 cells affected cell morphology, proliferation and the levels of specific differentiation markers. Administration of recombinant Trx1 decreased astrogliosis and improved delayed neurodevelopment in animals exposed to PHI. Taken together, our results suggest therapeutical implications for Trx1 in retinal damage induced by hypoxia-ischemia during birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Holubiec
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas "Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini" (ININCA), Facultad de Medicina (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Argentina.
| | - P Galeano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - J I Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - E-M Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - C H Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Capani
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas "Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini" (ININCA), Facultad de Medicina (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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7
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Troncoso M, Bannoud N, Carvelli L, Asensio J, Seltzer A, Sosa MA. Hypoxia-ischemia alters distribution of lysosomal proteins in rat cortex and hippocampus. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/10/bio036723. [PMID: 30361205 PMCID: PMC6215404 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal excitotoxicity induced by glutamatergic receptor overstimulation contributes to brain damage. Recent studies have shown that lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is involved in ischemia-associated neuronal death. In this study we evaluated the effect of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), as a model of excitotoxicity, on the lysosomal integrity throughout the distribution of the lysosomal proteins cathepsin D and prosaposin. Rat pups (7 days old) of the Wistar Kyoto strain were submitted to HI and they were euthanized 4 days after treatment and the cerebral cortex (Cx) and hippocampus (HIP) were processed for immunohistochemistry or immunoblotting. Treatment induced an increase of gliosis and also a redistribution of both prosaposin and cathepsin D (as intermediate and mature forms), into the cytosol of the HIP and Cx. In addition, HI induced a decrease of LAMP-1 in the membranous fraction and the appearance of a reactive band to anti-LAMP-1 in the cytosolic fraction, suggesting a cleavage of this protein. From these results, we propose that the abnormal release of Cat D and PSAP to the cytosol is triggered as a result of LAMP-1 cleavage in HI animals, which leads to cell damage. This could be a common mechanism in pathological conditions that compromises neuronal survival and brain function. Summary: Hypoxia ischemia (HI) induces an increase of gliosis and redistribution of prosaposin and cathepsin D into the cytosol of rat hippocampus. This could be triggered by LAMP-1 cleavage in HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Franciso Bertini", Instituto de Histología y Embriología - IHEM-CONICET-FCM-UNCuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - N Bannoud
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Franciso Bertini", Instituto de Histología y Embriología - IHEM-CONICET-FCM-UNCuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - L Carvelli
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Franciso Bertini", Instituto de Histología y Embriología - IHEM-CONICET-FCM-UNCuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - J Asensio
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Franciso Bertini", Instituto de Histología y Embriología - IHEM-CONICET-FCM-UNCuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - A Seltzer
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Franciso Bertini", Instituto de Histología y Embriología - IHEM-CONICET-FCM-UNCuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M A Sosa
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiología Celular "Dr. Franciso Bertini", Instituto de Histología y Embriología - IHEM-CONICET-FCM-UNCuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
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8
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Holubiec MI, Romero JI, Suárez J, Portavella M, Fernández-Espejo E, Blanco E, Galeano P, de Fonseca FR. Palmitoylethanolamide prevents neuroinflammation, reduces astrogliosis and preserves recognition and spatial memory following induction of neonatal anoxia-ischemia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2929-2945. [PMID: 30058012 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONAL Neonatal anoxia-ischemia (AI) particularly affects the central nervous system. Despite the many treatments that have been tested, none of them has proven to be completely successful. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) are acylethanolamides that do not bind to CB1 or CB2 receptors and thus they do not present cannabinoid activity. These molecules are agonist compounds of peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha (PPARα), which modulates the expression of different genes that are related to glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, differentiation and proliferation. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we analyzed the effects that the administration of PEA or OEA, after a neonatal AI event, has over different areas of the hippocampus. METHODS To this end, 7-day-old rats were subjected to AI and then treated with vehicle, OEA (2 or 10 mg/kg) or PEA (2 or 10 mg/kg). At 30 days of age, animals were subjected to behavioral tests followed by immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS Results showed that neonatal AI was associated with decreased locomotion, as well as recognition and spatial memory impairments. Furthermore, these deficits were accompanied with enhanced neuroinflammation and astrogliosis, as well as a decreased PPARα expression. PEA treatment was able to prevent neuroinflammation, reduce astrogliosis and preserve cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the acylethanolamide PEA may play an important role in the mechanisms underlying neonatal AI, and it could be a good candidate for further studies regarding neonatal AI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana I Holubiec
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Romero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Portavella
- Laboratorio de Conducta Animal y Neurociencia, Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Camilo José Cela s/n, 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernández-Espejo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología y Neurología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eduardo Blanco
- Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research, Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pablo Galeano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avenida Carlos Haya 82, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
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9
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Neuronal Damage Induced by Perinatal Asphyxia Is Attenuated by Postinjury Glutaredoxin-2 Administration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4162465. [PMID: 28706574 PMCID: PMC5494587 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4162465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The general disruption of redox signaling following an ischemia-reperfusion episode has been proposed as a crucial component in neuronal death and consequently brain damage. Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins control redox reactions and ensure protein regulation via specific, oxidative posttranslational modifications as part of cellular signaling processes. Trx proteins function in the manifestation, progression, and recovery following hypoxic/ischemic damage. Here, we analyzed the neuroprotective effects of postinjury, exogenous administration of Grx2 and Trx1 in a neonatal hypoxia/ischemia model. P7 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right common carotid ligation or sham surgery, followed by an exposure to nitrogen. 1 h later, animals were injected i.p. with saline solution, 10 mg/kg recombinant Grx2 or Trx1, and euthanized 72 h postinjury. Results showed that Grx2 administration, and to some extent Trx1, attenuated part of the neuronal damage associated with a perinatal hypoxic/ischemic damage, such as glutamate excitotoxicity, axonal integrity, and astrogliosis. Moreover, these treatments also prevented some of the consequences of the induced neural injury, such as the delay of neurobehavioral development. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating neuroprotective effects of recombinant Trx proteins on the outcome of neonatal hypoxia/ischemia, implying clinical potential as neuroprotective agents that might counteract neonatal hypoxia/ischemia injury.
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10
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Romero JI, Hanschmann EM, Gellert M, Eitner S, Holubiec MI, Blanco-Calvo E, Lillig CH, Capani F. Thioredoxin 1 and glutaredoxin 2 contribute to maintain the phenotype and integrity of neurons following perinatal asphyxia. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1274-85. [PMID: 25735211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin (Trx) family proteins are crucial mediators of cell functions via regulation of the thiol redox state of various key proteins and the levels of the intracellular second messenger hydrogen peroxide. Their expression, localization and functions are altered in various pathologies. Here, we have analyzed the impact of Trx family proteins in neuronal development and recovery, following hypoxia/ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS We have analyzed the regulation and potential functions of Trx family proteins during hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation of the developing brain in both an animal and a cellular model of perinatal asphyxia. We have analyzed the distribution of 14 Trx family and related proteins in the cerebellum, striatum, and hippocampus, three areas of the rat brain that are especially susceptible to hypoxia. Using SH-SY5Y cells subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation, we have analyzed the functions of some redoxins suggested by the animal experiment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We have described/discovered a complex, cell-type and tissue-specific expression pattern following the hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation. Particularly, Grx2 and Trx1 showed distinct changes during tissue recovery following hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation. Silencing of these proteins in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation confirmed that these proteins are required to maintain the normal neuronal phenotype. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate the significance of redox signaling in cellular pathways. Grx2 and Trx1 contribute significantly to neuronal integrity and could be clinically relevant in neuronal damage following perinatal asphyxia and other neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas "Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini" (ININCA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Eitner
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mariana Inés Holubiec
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas "Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini" (ININCA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Blanco-Calvo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas "Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini" (ININCA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultat d'Educació, Psicologia i Treball Social Universitat de Lleida Av. de l'Estudi General, 4, 25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Francisco Capani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas "Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini" (ININCA), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2270, C1122AAJ, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, UAJFK, C1197AAR, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Salloum FN, Sturz GR, Yin C, Rehman S, Hoke NN, Kukreja RC, Xi L. Beetroot juice reduces infarct size and improves cardiac function following ischemia-reperfusion injury: Possible involvement of endogenous H2S. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:669-81. [PMID: 25361774 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214558024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of high dietary nitrate in the form of beetroot juice (BRJ) has been shown to exert antihypertensive effects in humans through increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. Since enhanced cGMP protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through upregulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), we tested the hypothesis that BRJ protects against I/R injury via H2S. Adult male CD-1 mice received either regular drinking water or those dissolved with BRJ powder (10 g/L, containing ∼ 0.7 mM nitrate). Seven days later, the hearts were explanted for molecular analyses. Subsets of mice were subjected to I/R injury by occlusion of the left coronary artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 24 h. A specific inhibitor of H2S producing enzyme--cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), DL-propargylglycine (PAG, 50 mg/kg) was given i.p. 30 min before ischemia. Myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced in BRJ-fed mice (15.8 ± 3.2%) versus controls (46.5 ± 3.5%, mean ± standard error [SE], n = 6/group, P < .05). PAG completely blocked the infarct-limiting effect of BRJ. Moreover, BRJ significantly preserved ventricular function following I/R. Myocardial levels of H2S and its putative protein target--vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were significantly increased by BRJ intake, whereas CSE mRNA and protein content did not change. Interestingly, the BRJ-induced cardioprotection was not associated with elevated blood nitrate-nitrite levels following I/R nor induction of cardiac peroxiredoxin 5, a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme previously linked to nitrate-induced cardioprotection. We conclude that BRJ ingestion protects against post-I/R myocardial infarction and ventricular dysfunction possibly through CSE-mediated endogenous H2S generation. BRJ could be a promising natural and inexpensive nutraceutical supplement to reduce cardiac I/R injury in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi N Salloum
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gregory R Sturz
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chang Yin
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Shabina Rehman
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nicholas N Hoke
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Lei Xi
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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12
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Benitez SG, Castro AE, Patterson SI, Muñoz EM, Seltzer AM. Hypoxic preconditioning differentially affects GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal cells in the injured cerebellum of the neonatal rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102056. [PMID: 25032984 PMCID: PMC4102512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we examined cerebellar alterations in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury with or without hypoxic preconditioning (Pc). Between postnatal days 7 and 15, the cerebellum is still undergoing intense cellular proliferation, differentiation and migration, dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis. The expression of glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD67) and the differentiation factor NeuroD1 were examined as markers of Purkinje and granule cells, respectively. We applied quantitative immunohistochemistry to sagittal cerebellar slices, and Western blot analysis of whole cerebella obtained from control (C) rats and rats submitted to Pc, hypoxia-ischemia (L) and a combination of both treatments (PcL). We found that either hypoxia-ischemia or Pc perturbed the granule cells in the posterior lobes, affecting their migration and final placement in the internal granular layer. These effects were partially attenuated when the Pc was delivered prior to the hypoxia-ischemia. Interestingly, whole nuclear NeuroD1 levels in Pc animals were comparable to those in the C rats. However, a subset of Purkinje cells that were severely affected by the hypoxic-ischemic insult—showing signs of neuronal distress at the levels of the nucleus, cytoplasm and dendritic arborization—were not protected by Pc. A monoclonal antibody specific for GAD67 revealed a three-band pattern in cytoplasmic extracts from whole P15 cerebella. A ∼110 kDa band, interpreted as a potential homodimer of a truncated form of GAD67, was reduced in Pc and L groups while its levels were close to the control animals in PcL rats. Additionally we demonstrated differential glial responses depending on the treatment, including astrogliosis in hypoxiated cerebella and a selective effect of hypoxia-ischemia on the vimentin-immunolabeled intermediate filaments of the Bergmann glia. Thus, while both glutamatergic and GABAergic cerebellar neurons are compromised by the hypoxic-ischemic insult, the former are protected by a preconditioning hypoxia while the latter are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio G Benitez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology: Chronobiology Section, Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Analía E Castro
- Laboratory of Neurobiology: Chronobiology Section, Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sean I Patterson
- Traumatic and Toxic Lesions in the Nervous System Section, Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Estela M Muñoz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology: Chronobiology Section, Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alicia M Seltzer
- Neonatal Brain Development Section, Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), School of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion (ANPCyT), Mendoza, Argentina
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13
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Sumners C, Horiuchi M, Widdop RE, McCarthy C, Unger T, Steckelings UM. Protective arms of the renin-angiotensin-system in neurological disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:580-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Masatsugu Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology and Pharmacology; Ehime University; Ehime Japan
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Claudia McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Thomas Unger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM); Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike M Steckelings
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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