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Galambos AR, Papp ZT, Boldizsár I, Zádor F, Köles L, Harsing LG, Al-Khrasani M. Glycine Transporter 1 Inhibitors: Predictions on Their Possible Mechanisms in the Development of Opioid Analgesic Tolerance. Biomedicines 2024; 12:421. [PMID: 38398023 PMCID: PMC10886540 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of opioid tolerance in patients on long-term opioid analgesic treatment is an unsolved matter in clinical practice thus far. Dose escalation is required to restore analgesic efficacy, but at the price of side effects. Intensive research is ongoing to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of opioid analgesic tolerance in the hope of maintaining opioid analgesic efficacy. N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists have shown promising effects regarding opioid analgesic tolerance; however, their use is limited by side effects (memory dysfunction). Nevertheless, the GluN2B receptor remains a future target for the discovery of drugs to restore opioid efficacy. Mechanistically, the long-term activation of µ-opioid receptors (MORs) initiates receptor phosphorylation, which triggers β-arrestin-MAPKs and NOS-GC-PKG pathway activation, which ultimately ends with GluN2B receptor overactivation and glutamate release. The presence of glutamate and glycine as co-agonists is a prerequisite for GluN2B receptor activation. The extrasynaptic localization of the GluN2B receptor means it is influenced by the glycine level, which is regulated by astrocytic glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). Enhanced astrocytic glycine release by reverse transporter mechanisms as a consequence of high glutamate levels or unconventional MOR activation on astrocytes could further activate the GluN2B receptor. GlyT1 inhibitors might inhibit this condition, thereby reducing opioid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Galambos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (Z.T.P.); (I.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zsolt Tamás Papp
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (Z.T.P.); (I.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (Z.T.P.); (I.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ferenc Zádor
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (Z.T.P.); (I.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - László Köles
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Laszlo G. Harsing
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (Z.T.P.); (I.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvá-rad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary; (A.R.G.); (Z.T.P.); (I.B.); (F.Z.)
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2
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Xie RG, Xu GY, Wu SX, Luo C. Presynaptic glutamate receptors in nociception. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108539. [PMID: 37783347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a frequent, distressing and poorly understood health problem. Plasticity of synaptic transmission in the nociceptive pathways after inflammation or injury is assumed to be an important cellular basis for chronic, pathological pain. Glutamate serves as the main excitatory neurotransmitter at key synapses in the somatosensory nociceptive pathways, in which it acts on both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Although conventionally postsynaptic, compelling anatomical and physiological evidence demonstrates the presence of presynaptic glutamate receptors in the nociceptive pathways. Presynaptic glutamate receptors play crucial roles in nociceptive synaptic transmission and plasticity. They modulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity, which in turn regulates pain sensitization. In this review, we summarize the latest understanding of the expression of presynaptic glutamate receptors in the nociceptive pathways, and how they contribute to nociceptive information processing and pain hypersensitivity associated with inflammation / injury. We uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms of presynaptic glutamate receptors in shaping synaptic transmission and plasticity to mediate pain chronicity, which may provide therapeutic approaches for treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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3
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Ji D, Qi Z, Li X. Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Hydrophosphination of gem-Difluoroallenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:5957-5962. [PMID: 37560965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral allylic phosphines and gem-difluoroalkenes are both important structural motifs in various bioactive molecules, chiral ligands, and natural products. These two motifs are now integrated, and we herein report a straightforward and atom-economical enantioselective hydrophosphination of gem-difluoroallenes using disubstituted phosphines. A wide array of enantioenriched fluorinated allylic phosphines has been accessed with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity and high efficiency. Synthetic and catalytic applications of phosphine products have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Zisong Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi'an 710062, China
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4
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Shannonhouse J, Bernabucci M, Gomez R, Son H, Zhang Y, Ai CH, Ishida H, Kim YS. Meclizine and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists Attenuate Severe Pain and Ca 2+ Activity of Primary Sensory Neurons in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6020-6037. [PMID: 35772967 PMCID: PMC9351649 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1064-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects ∼68% of patients undergoing chemotherapy, causing debilitating neuropathic pain and reducing quality of life. Cisplatin is a commonly used platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug known to cause CIPN, possibly by causing oxidative stress damage to primary sensory neurons. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are widely hypothesized to be involved in pain processing and pain mitigation. Meclizine is an H1 histamine receptor antagonist known to have neuroprotective effects, including an anti-oxidative effect. Here, we used a mouse model of cisplatin-induced CIPN using male and female mice to test agonists of mGluR8 and Group II mGluR as well as meclizine as interventions to reduce cisplatin-induced pain. We performed behavioral pain tests, and we imaged Ca2+ activity of the large population of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in vivo For the latter, we used a genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicator, Pirt-GCaMP3, which enabled us to monitor different drug interventions at the level of the intact DRG neuronal ensemble. We found that CIPN increased spontaneous Ca2+ activity in DRG neurons, increased number of Ca2+ transients, and increased hyper-responses to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. We found that mechanical and thermal pain caused by CIPN was significantly attenuated by the mGluR8 agonist, (S)-3,4-DCPG, the Group II mGluR agonist, LY379268, and the H1 histamine receptor antagonist, meclizine. DRG neuronal Ca2+ activity elevated by CIPN was attenuated by LY379268 and meclizine, but not by (S)-3,4-DCPG. Furthermore, meclizine and LY379268 attenuated cisplatin-induced weight loss. These results suggest that Group II mGluR agonist, mGluR8 agonist, and meclizine are promising candidates as new treatment options for CIPN, and studies of their mechanisms are warranted.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a painful condition that affects most chemotherapy patients and persists several months or longer after treatment ends. Research on CIPN mechanism is extensive but has produced only few clinically useful treatments. Using in vivo GCaMP Ca2+ imaging in live animals over 1800 neurons/dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at once, we have characterized the effects of the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin and three treatments that decrease CIPN pain. Cisplatin increases sensory neuronal Ca2+ activity and develops various sensitization. Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist, LY379268 or the H1 histamine receptor antagonist, meclizine decreases cisplatin's effects on neuronal Ca2+ activity and reduces pain hypersensitivity. Our results and experiments provide insights into cellular effects of cisplatin and drugs preventing CIPN pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Bernabucci
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Ruben Gomez
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Hyeonwi Son
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Chih-Hsuan Ai
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Hirotake Ishida
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Yu Shin Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
- Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Translational Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Radiological Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
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5
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Yang Z, Wang J(J. Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrophosphinylation of Allenes with Phosphine Oxides: Access to Chiral Allylic Phosphine Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Yang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Jun (Joelle) Wang
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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6
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Li YL, Chang XR, Ma JT, Zhao X, Yin LT, Yan LJ, Guo JH, Zhang C, Yang XR. Activation of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors suppressed formalin-induced nociception. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:319-326. [PMID: 34657305 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intraplantar injection of formalin produces persistent spontaneous nociception and hyperalgesia. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unclear. The present study was, therefore, designed to determine the roles of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in formalin-evoked spontaneous nociception. Pre-treatment with intraplantar injections of L-serine-O-phosphate (L-SOP), a group III mGluRs agonist, significantly inhibited formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours and decreased Fos production in the spinal dorsal horn. The inhibitory effects of L-SOP were abolished completely by pre-treatment with the group III mGluR antagonist (RS)-a-methylserine-O-phosphate (M-SOP). These data suggest that the activation of group III mGluRs in the periphery may play a differential role in formalin-induced nociception. In addition, L-SOP decreased the formalin-induced upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as interleukine-1β (IL-1β) expression in the spinal cord, suggesting that activation of peripheral group III mGluRs reduces formalin-induced nociception through inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. Therefore, the agonists acting peripheral group III mGluRs possess therapeutic effectiveness in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xin-Rui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Jin-Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Li-Tian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Jun-Hong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
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7
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Yang Z, Wang JJ. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrophosphinylation of Allenes with Phosphine Oxides: Access to Chiral Allylic Phosphine Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27288-27292. [PMID: 34581469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed hydrophosphinylation of alkyl and aryl-oxyallenes with phosphine oxides has been developed for the efficient and rapid construction of a family of chiral allylic phosphine oxides with a diverse range of functional groups. This methodology was further applied in the facile construction of chiral 2H-chromene and later stage functionalization of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jun Joelle Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Shabani S, Wu Y, Ryan HG, Hutton CA. Progress and perspectives on directing group-assisted palladium-catalysed C-H functionalisation of amino acids and peptides. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9278-9343. [PMID: 34254063 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide modifications can unlock a variety of compounds with structural diversity and abundant biological activity. In nature, peptide modifications, such as functionalisation at the side-chain position of amino acids, are performed using post-translational modification enzymes or incorporation of unnatural amino acids. However, accessing these modifications remains a challenge for organic chemists. During the past decades, selective C-H activation/functionalisation has attracted considerable attention in synthetic organic chemistry as a pathway to peptide modification. Various directing group strategies have been discovered that assist selective C-H activation. In particular, bidentate directing groups that enable tuneable and reversible coordination are now recognised as one of the most efficient methods for the site-selective C-H activation and functionalisation of numerous families of organic compounds. Synthetic peptide chemists have harnessed bidentate directing group strategies for selective functionalisation of the β- and γ-positions of amino acids. This method has been expanded and recognised as an effective device for the late stage macrocyclisation and total synthesis of complex peptide natural products. In this review, we discuss various β-, γ-, and δ-C(sp3)-H bond functionalisation reactions of amino acids for the formation of C-X bonds with the aid of directing groups and their application in late-stage macrocyclisation and the total synthesis of complex peptide natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabani
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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9
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Tanaka T, Takao-Kawabata R, Takakura A, Shimazu Y, Nakatsugawa M, Ito A, Lee JW, Kawasaki K, Iimura T. Teriparatide relieves ovariectomy-induced hyperalgesia in rats, suggesting the involvement of functional regulation in primary sensory neurons by PTH-mediated signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5346. [PMID: 32210273 PMCID: PMC7093455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have reported that teriparatide (TPTD), a human parathyroid hormone analog, reduces back pain in osteoporotic patients. However, the mechanistic insights of this pharmacological action remain elusive. This study investigated the antinociceptive effect of TPTD mainly on primary sensory neurons in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The plantar test showed thermal hyperalgesia in the OVX rats, which was significantly, but not fully, recovered immediately after the initial TPTD administration. The von Frey test also demonstrated reduced withdrawal threshold in the OVX rats. This was partially recovered by TPTD. Consistently, the number and size of spinal microglial cells were significantly increased in the OVX rats, while TPTD treatment significantly reduced the number but not size of these cells. RNA sequencing-based bioinformatics of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) demonstrated that changes in neuro-protective and inflammatory genes were involved in the pharmacological effect of TPTD. Most neurons in the DRG expressed substantial levels of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor. TPTD treatment of the cultured DRG-derived neuronal cells reduced the cAMP level and augmented the intracellular calcium level as the concentration increased. These findings suggest that TPTD targets neuronal cells as well as bone cells to exert its pharmacological action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Tanaka
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni city, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takao-Kawabata
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni city, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan.
| | - Aya Takakura
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni city, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yukari Shimazu
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni city, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Momoko Nakatsugawa
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni city, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Ito
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni city, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan.,Division of Bio-Imaging, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Koh Kawasaki
- Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni city, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Iimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan. .,Division of Bio-Imaging, Proteo-Science Center (PROS), Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon city, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
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10
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Shi H, Huang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wei Y, Xue W, Han J. Effect and mechanism of mGluR6 on the biological function of rat embryonic neural stem cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1027-1034. [PMID: 30739574 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1578639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) on rat embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs). Overexpression of mGluR6 significantly promoted the proliferation of NSCs and increased the diameter of neutrospheres after treatment for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Overexpression of mGluR6 promoted G1 to S phase transition, with significantly decreased cell ratio in G1/G0 phase but significantly increased cell ratio in S phase. Additionally, mGluR6 overexpression for 48 h decreased the early and late apoptosis significantly. Moreover, overexpression of mGluR6 significantly increased the expression of p-ERK1/2, Cyclin D1 and CDK2, while the expression of p-p38 was significantly decreased. On the contrary, these effects of mGluR6 overexpression were reversed by mGluR6 knockdown. In conclusion, mGluR6 promotes the proliferation of NSCs by activation of ERK1/2-Cyclin D1/CDK2 signaling pathway and inhibits the apoptosis of NSCs by blockage of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- a Department of Clinical Medicine , Medical College of Yan'an University , Yan'an , P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- b Department of Foreign Languages , Ming De College of Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Yani Chen
- a Department of Clinical Medicine , Medical College of Yan'an University , Yan'an , P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- a Department of Clinical Medicine , Medical College of Yan'an University , Yan'an , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Huang
- a Department of Clinical Medicine , Medical College of Yan'an University , Yan'an , P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- a Department of Clinical Medicine , Medical College of Yan'an University , Yan'an , P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- a Department of Clinical Medicine , Medical College of Yan'an University , Yan'an , P.R. China
| | - Yameng Wei
- a Department of Clinical Medicine , Medical College of Yan'an University , Yan'an , P.R. China
| | - Wanjuan Xue
- a Department of Clinical Medicine , Medical College of Yan'an University , Yan'an , P.R. China
| | - Jiming Han
- a Department of Clinical Medicine , Medical College of Yan'an University , Yan'an , P.R. China
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11
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Crupi R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S. Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neurological Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:20. [PMID: 30800054 PMCID: PMC6375857 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is a fundamental excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), playing key roles in memory, neuronal development, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, excessive glutamate release has been implicated in neuronal cell death. There are both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), the latter of which can be divided into eight subtypes and three subgroups based on homology sequence and their effects on cell signaling. Indeed, mGluRs exert fine control over glutamate activity by stimulating several cell-signaling pathways via the activation of G protein-coupled (GPC) or G protein-independent cell signaling. The involvement of specific mGluRs in different forms of synaptic plasticity suggests that modulation of mGluRs may aid in the treatment of cognitive impairments related to several neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, which are associated with a high economic and social burden. Preclinical and clinical data have shown that, in the CNS, mGluRs are able to modulate presynaptic neurotransmission by fine-tuning neuronal firing and neurotransmitter release in a dynamic, activity-dependent manner. Current studies on drugs that target mGluRs have identified promising, innovative pharmacological tools for the treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions, including chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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12
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Activation of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibits pain transmission by decreasing neuronal excitability in the CFA-inflamed knee joint. Neurosci Lett 2019; 694:111-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Pereira V, Goudet C. Emerging Trends in Pain Modulation by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:464. [PMID: 30662395 PMCID: PMC6328474 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is an essential protective mechanism meant to prevent tissue damages in organisms. On the other hand, chronic or persistent pain caused, for example, by inflammation or nerve injury is long lasting and responsible for long-term disability in patients. Therefore, chronic pain and its management represents a major public health problem. Hence, it is critical to better understand chronic pain molecular mechanisms to develop innovative and efficient drugs. Over the past decades, accumulating evidence has demonstrated a pivotal role of glutamate in pain sensation and transmission, supporting glutamate receptors as promising potential targets for pain relieving drug development. Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Once released into the synapse, glutamate acts through ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), which are ligand-gated ion channels triggering fast excitatory neurotransmission, and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which are G protein-coupled receptors modulating synaptic transmission. Eight mGluRs subtypes have been identified and are divided into three classes based on their sequence similarities and their pharmacological and biochemical properties. Of note, all mGluR subtypes (except mGlu6 receptor) are expressed within the nociceptive pathways where they modulate pain transmission. This review will address the role of mGluRs in acute and persistent pain processing and emerging pharmacotherapies for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pereira
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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14
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Yudin Y, Rohacs T. Inhibitory G i/O-coupled receptors in somatosensory neurons: Potential therapeutic targets for novel analgesics. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918763646. [PMID: 29580154 PMCID: PMC5882016 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918763646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia are responsible for sensing mechanical and thermal stimuli, as well as detecting tissue damage. These neurons express ion channels that respond to thermal, mechanical, or chemical cues, conduct action potentials, and mediate transmitter release. These neurons also express a large number of G-protein coupled receptors, which are major transducers for extracellular signaling molecules, and their activation usually modulates the primary transduction pathways. Receptors that couple to phospholipase C via heterotrimeric Gq/11 proteins and those that activate adenylate cyclase via Gs are considered excitatory; they positively regulate somatosensory transduction and they play roles in inflammatory sensitization and pain, and in some cases also in inducing itch. On the other hand, receptors that couple to Gi/o proteins, such as opioid or GABAB receptors, are generally inhibitory. Their activation counteracts the effect of Gs-stimulation by inhibiting adenylate cyclase, as well as exerts effects on ion channels, usually resulting in decreased excitability. This review will summarize knowledge on Gi-coupled receptors in sensory neurons, focusing on their roles in ion channel regulation and discuss their potential as targets for analgesic and antipruritic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen Yudin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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15
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Quallo T, Alkhatib O, Gentry C, Andersson DA, Bevan S. G protein βγ subunits inhibit TRPM3 ion channels in sensory neurons. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28826490 PMCID: PMC5593501 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in peripheral sensory neurons are functionally regulated by hydrolysis of the phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2 and changes in the level of protein kinase mediated phosphorylation following activation of various G protein coupled receptors. We now show that the activity of TRPM3 expressed in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons is inhibited by agonists of the Gi-coupled µ opioid, GABA-B and NPY receptors. These agonist effects are mediated by direct inhibition of TRPM3 by Gβγ subunits, rather than by a canonical cAMP mediated mechanism. The activity of TRPM3 in DRG neurons is also negatively modulated by tonic, constitutive GPCR activity as TRPM3 responses can be potentiated by GPCR inverse agonists. GPCR regulation of TRPM3 is also seen in vivo where Gi/o GPCRs agonists inhibited and inverse agonists potentiated TRPM3 mediated nociceptive behavioural responses. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26138.001 TRPM3 belongs to a family of channel proteins that allow sodium and calcium ions to enter cells by forming pores in cell membranes. TRPM3 is found on the cell membranes of nerve cells; when ions flow into the nerves through the TRPM3 pores it triggers an electrical impulse. TRPM3 is responsible for helping us to detect heat, and mice without this protein find it difficult to sense painfully hot temperatures. Mice lacking TRPM3 also respond to other kinds of pain differently. Normally, a mouse with an injured paw becomes more sensitive to warm and hot temperatures, but this does not happen in mice that do not have TRPM3. When activated, other proteins called G-protein coupled receptors (or GPCRs for short) can make some members of this family of channel proteins more or less likely to open their pore. This in turn increases or decreases the flow of ions through the pore, respectively. Yet it was not clear if GPCRs also affect TRPM3 channels on the membranes of nerve cells. Quallo et al. have now discovered that “switching on” different GPCR proteins in sensory nerve cells from mice greatly reduces the flow of calcium ions though TRPM3 channels. The experiments made use of two pain-killing drugs, namely morphine and baclofen, and a molecule called neuropeptide Y to activate different GPCRs. GPCRs interact with a group of small proteins called G-proteins that, when activated by the receptor, split into two subunits, known as the α subunit and the βγ subunit. Once detached these subunits are free to act as messengers and interact with other proteins in the cell membrane. Quallo et al. found that TRPM3 is one of a small group of proteins that interact with the βγ subunits of the G-protein, which can explain how “switching on” GPCRs reduces the activity of TRPM3. Two independent studies by Dembla, Behrendt et al. and Badheka, Yudin et al. also report similar findings. There is currently a need to find more effective treatments for people suffering from long-term pain conditions and it has become clear that TRPM3 channels are involved in sensing both pain and temperature. These new findings show that drugs already used in the treatment of pain can dramatically change how TRPM3 works. These results might help scientists to find drugs that work in a similar way to dial down the activity of TRPM3 and to combat pain. Though first it will be important to confirm these new findings in human nerve cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26138.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Talisia Quallo
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Alkhatib
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Gentry
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Andersson
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Bevan
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Yang Q, Yang SD. Highly Efficient and Divergent Construction of Chiral γ-Phosphono-α-Amino Acids via Palladium-Catalyzed Alkylation of Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Palazzo E, Marabese I, Luongo L, Guida F, de Novellis V, Maione S. Nociception modulation by supraspinal group III metabotropic glutamate receptors. J Neurochem 2017; 141:507-519. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine; The Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine; The Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine; The Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine; The Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Vito de Novellis
- Department of Experimental Medicine; The Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine; The Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
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18
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Fernández-Montoya J, Buendia I, Martin YB, Egea J, Negredo P, Avendaño C. Sensory Input-Dependent Changes in Glutamatergic Neurotransmission- Related Genes and Proteins in the Adult Rat Trigeminal Ganglion. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:132. [PMID: 27965535 PMCID: PMC5124698 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experience-dependent plasticity induces lasting changes in the structure of synapses, dendrites, and axons at both molecular and anatomical levels. Whilst relatively well studied in the cortex, little is known about the molecular changes underlying experience-dependent plasticity at peripheral levels of the sensory pathways. Given the importance of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the somatosensory system and its involvement in plasticity, in the present study, we investigated gene and protein expression of glutamate receptor subunits and associated molecules in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) of young adult rats. Microarray analysis of naïve rat TG revealed significant differences in the expression of genes, coding for various glutamate receptor subunits and proteins involved in clustering and stabilization of AMPA receptors, between left and right ganglion. Long-term exposure to sensory-enriched environment increased this left–right asymmetry in gene expression. Conversely, unilateral whisker trimming on the right side almost eliminated the mentioned asymmetries. The above manipulations also induced side-specific changes in the protein levels of glutamate receptor subunits. Our results show that sustained changes in sensory input induce modifications in glutamatergic transmission-related gene expression in the TG, thus supporting a role for this early sensory-processing node in experience-dependent plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Montoya
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Yasmina B Martin
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Francisco de VitoriaMadrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Negredo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Avendaño
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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19
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Govea RM, Zhou S, Carlton SM. Group III mGluR8 negatively modulates TRPA1. Neuroscience 2016; 334:134-147. [PMID: 27497709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have systemic anti-hyperalgesic effects. We hypothesized this could occur through modulation of TRP channels on nociceptors. This study used a multifaceted approach to examine the interaction between group III mGluRs (mGluR8) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) on cutaneous nociceptors in rats. Ca2+ imaging studies demonstrated co-localization and functional coupling of TRPA1 and mGluR8, since 1μM (S)-3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine (DCPG) (mGluR8 agonist) significantly reduced Ca2+ mobilization produced by 30μM mustard oil (MO), a TRPA1 agonist. Behavioral studies demonstrated that 10mM MO produced mechanical hypersensitivity when topically applied to the hind paw, significantly decreasing paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) from 15g to 6g. However, administration of 30μM DCPG prior to 10mM MO reversed this hypersensitivity such that PWT was not significantly different from baseline. At the single-fiber level, compared to vehicle, 30μM MO significantly increased nociceptor activity and decreased mechanical threshold. However, 30μM DCPG reversed both of these MO-induced effects. Furthermore, DCPG significantly reduced the number of MO-induced mechanically sensitive fibers. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) using Rp-cyclic 3',5'-hydrogen phosphorothioate adenosine triethylammonium salt (RpCAMPS) (PKA inhibitor, 1 and 10μM) significantly reduced MO-induced Ca2+ mobilization. Taken together, these results show that group III mGluRs negatively modulate TRPA1 activity on cutaneous nociceptors. Furthermore, it is likely that this modulation occurs intracellularly at the level of the cAMP/PKA pathway. This study demonstrates that group III agonists may be effective in the treatment of mechanical hypersensitivity which can develop as a result of inflammation, nerve injury, chemotherapy and other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Govea
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1069, United States
| | - S Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1069, United States
| | - S M Carlton
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1069, United States.
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20
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Nishiyama A, Sato M, Kimura M, Katakura A, Tazaki M, Shibukawa Y. Intercellular signal communication among odontoblasts and trigeminal ganglion neurons via glutamate. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:341-355. [PMID: 27452727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Various stimuli to the exposed surface of dentin induce changes in the hydrodynamic force inside the dentinal tubules resulting in dentinal pain. Recent evidences indicate that mechano-sensor channels, such as the transient receptor potential channels, in odontoblasts receive these hydrodynamic forces and trigger the release of ATP to the pulpal neurons, to generate dentinal pain. A recent study, however, has shown that odontoblasts also express glutamate receptors (GluRs). This implies that cells in the dental pulp tissue have the ability to release glutamate, which acts as a functional intercellular mediator to establish inter-odontoblast and odontoblast-trigeminal ganglion (TG) neuron signal communication. To investigate the intercellular signal communication, we applied mechanical stimulation to odontoblasts and measured the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). During mechanical stimulation in the presence of extracellular Ca2+, we observed a transient [Ca2+]i increase not only in single stimulated odontoblasts, but also in adjacent odontoblasts. We could not observe these responses in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. [Ca2+]i increases in the neighboring odontoblasts during mechanical stimulation of single odontoblasts were inhibited by antagonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) as well as glutamate-permeable anion channels. In the odontoblast-TG neuron coculture, we observed an increase in [Ca2+]i in the stimulated odontoblasts and TG neurons, in response to direct mechanical stimulation of single odontoblasts. These [Ca2+]i increases in the neighboring TG neurons were inhibited by antagonists for mGluRs. The [Ca2+]i increases in the stimulated odontoblasts were also inhibited by mGluRs antagonists. We further confirmed that the odontoblasts express group I, II, and III mGluRs. However, we could not record any currents evoked from odontoblasts near the mechanically stimulated odontoblast, with or without extracellular Mg2+, indicating that N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor does not contribute to inter-odontoblast signal communication. The results suggest that a mechanically stimulated odontoblast is capable of releasing glutamate into the extracellular space via glutamate-permeable anion channels. The released glutamate activates mGluRs on the odontoblasts in an autocrine/paracrine manner, forming an inter-odontoblasts communication, which drives dentin formation via odontoblast-odontoblast signal communication. Glutamate and mGluRs also mediate neurotransmission between the odontoblasts and neurons in the dental pulp to modulate sensory signal transmission for dentinal sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishiyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - M Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - A Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - M Tazaki
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Y Shibukawa
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
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21
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Yan D, Liu X, Guo SW. Nerve fibers and endometriotic lesions: partners in crime in inflicting pains in women with endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 209:14-24. [PMID: 27418559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of major objectives in treating endometriosis is to alleviate pain since dysmenorrhea and other types of pain top the list of complaints from women with endometriosis who seek medical attention. Indeed, endometriosis-associated pain (EAP) is the most debilitating of the disease that negatively impacts on the quality of life in affected women, contributing significantly to the burden of disease and adding to the substantial personal and societal costs. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying the EAP are still poorly understood. In the last two decades, one active research field in endometriosis is the investigation on the distribution and genesis of nerve fibers in eutopic and ectopic endometrium, and the attempt to use endometrial nerve fiber density for diagnostic purpose. Since EAP presumably starts with the terminal sensory nerves, in or around endometriotic lesions, that transduce noxious mediators to the central nervous system (CNS) which ultimately perceives pain, this field of research holds the promise to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the EAP, thus opening new avenues for novel diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, we shall first briefly provide some basic facts on nerve fibers, and then provide an overview of some major findings in this filed while also note some conflicting results and expose areas in need of further research. We point out that since recently accumulated evidence suggests that endometriotic lesions are wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair, the relationship between endometriotic lesions and nerve fibers is not simply unidirectional, i.e. lesions promote hyperinnervations. Rather, it is bidirectional, i.e. endometriotic lesions and nerve fibers engage active cross-talks, resulting in the development of endometriosis and pain. That is, nerve fibers and endometriotic lesions are actually partners in crime in inflicting pains in women with endometriosis, aided and abetted possibly by other culprits, some yet to be identified. We provide a list of possible perpetrators likely to be involved in this crime. Finally, we discuss possible implications when viewing the relationship from this vista.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingmin Yan
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Chiechio S. Modulation of Chronic Pain by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. PHARMACOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND THE MODULATION OF PAIN 2016; 75:63-89. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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23
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Meng F, Ge HY, Wang YH, Yue SW. A afferent fibers are involved in the pathology of central changes in the spinal dorsal horn associated with myofascial trigger spots in rats. Exp Brain Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Therapeutic potential of group III metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands in pain. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 20:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Kolber BJ. mGluRs Head to Toe in Pain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:281-324. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Sousa-Valente J, Andreou AP, Urban L, Nagy I. Transient receptor potential ion channels in primary sensory neurons as targets for novel analgesics. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2508-27. [PMID: 24283624 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an explosion in novel findings relating to the molecules involved in mediating the sensation of pain in humans. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels emerged as the greatest group of molecules involved in the transduction of various physical stimuli into neuronal signals in primary sensory neurons, as well as, in the development of pain. Here, we review the role of TRP ion channels in primary sensory neurons in the development of pain associated with peripheral pathologies and possible strategies to translate preclinical data into the development of effective new analgesics. Based on available evidence, we argue that nociception-related TRP channels on primary sensory neurons provide highly valuable targets for the development of novel analgesics and that, in order to reduce possible undesirable side effects, novel analgesics should prevent the translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane and the sensitization of the channels rather than blocking the channel pore or binding sites for exogenous or endogenous activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sousa-Valente
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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27
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Boye Larsen D, Ingemann Kristensen G, Panchalingam V, Laursen JC, Nørgaard Poulsen J, Skallerup Andersen M, Kandiah A, Gazerani P. Investigating the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors in trigeminal ganglion neurons and satellite glial cells: implications for craniofacial pain. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:261-9. [PMID: 24495291 PMCID: PMC4162654 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.885049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated that various subtypes of the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are expressed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), implicating that glutamate potentially contributes to sensory transmission through these receptors. While mGluR expression has been investigated largely in the DRG, the present study focused on mGluR expression on neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs) of the trigeminal ganglion (TG). MATERIALS AND METHODS To address the presence of mGluRs in rat TG neurons and their corresponding SGCs, the trigeminal ganglia from six adult male Wistar rats were isolated and immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry were performed. The expression of mGluR1α-, mGluR2/3- and mGluR8 on TG neurons and SGCs was investigated in tissue slices and isolated cells. RESULTS 35.1 ± 6.0% of the TG neurons were positive for mGluR1α, whereas 39.9 ± 7.7% and 55.5 ± 6.3% were positive for mGluR2/3 and mGluR8, respectively. Immunoreactive neurons expressing mGluRs were mainly medium- to large sized, with a smaller population of small-sized neurons showing immunoreactivity. The SGCs showed immunoreactivity toward mGluR1α and mGluR8, but not mGluR2/3, both in the tissue and in isolated cells. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present study showed that trigeminal neurons express mGluR1α, mGluR2/3 and mGluR8, while SGCs only express mGluR1α and mGluR8. This novel evidence may advance investigations on a possible role of mGluRs in relation to trigeminal pain transmission within the craniofacial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Boye Larsen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of MedicineAalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej, Aalborg EastDenmark
| | - Gunda Ingemann Kristensen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of MedicineAalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej, Aalborg EastDenmark
| | - Vinodenee Panchalingam
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of MedicineAalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej, Aalborg EastDenmark
| | - Jens Christian Laursen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of MedicineAalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej, Aalborg EastDenmark
| | - Jeppe Nørgaard Poulsen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of MedicineAalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej, Aalborg EastDenmark
| | - Maria Skallerup Andersen
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of MedicineAalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej, Aalborg EastDenmark
| | - Aginsha Kandiah
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of MedicineAalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej, Aalborg EastDenmark
| | - Parisa Gazerani
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of MedicineAalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej, Aalborg EastDenmark
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28
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Abstract
Nociceptive primary afferents have three surprising properties: they are highly complex in their expression of neurotransmitters and receptors and most probably participate in autocrine and paracrine interactions; they are capable of exerting tonic and activity-dependent inhibitory control over incoming nociceptive input; they can generate signals in the form of dorsal root reflexes that are transmitted antidromically out to the periphery and these signals can result in neurogenic inflammation in the innervated tissue. Thus, nociceptive primary afferents are highly complicated structures, capable of modifying input before it is ever transmitted to the central nervous system and capable of altering the tissue they innervate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Carlton
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
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29
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Lee KS, Park EH, Cho HY, Kim YI, Han HC. Peripheral group II and III metabotropic glutamate receptors in the knee joint attenuate carrageenan-induced nociceptive behavior in rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 542:21-5. [PMID: 23500028 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate whether peripheral group II and III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in the knee joint have inhibitory effects on carrageenan-induced nociceptive behavior. To this end, changes in weight load and hind paw withdrawal threshold were measured in rats following the administration of specific peripheral group II and III mGluR agonists 30min before (induction phase) and 4h after (maintenance phase) the injection of carrageenan (1%, 50μl). During the induction phase of arthritic pain, a significant recovery of reduced weight load occurred after the administration of 500μM APDC ((2R, 4R)-4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate; group II agonist) and 100 and 500μM L-AP4 (l-2-amino-4-phosphonobutylate; group III agonist). Similarly, 100 and 500μM APDC and 500μM L-AP4 significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia during the induction phase. In the maintenance phase, APDC at all doses (10, 100 and 500μM) and 100 and 500μM L-AP4 significantly counteracted the reduction in weight load, and APDC and L-AP4 at all doses (10, 100 and 500μM) inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia. The current study suggests that peripheral group II and III mGluRs in the knee joint negatively modulates nociceptive behavior during both the induction and maintenance phases of carrageenan-induced arthritic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Health and Fitness Management, Woosong University, Daejeon 300-718, Republic of Korea
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