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Kobayashi M, Nakaya Y, Kobayashi S. Functional roles of descending projections from the cerebral cortex to the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis in orofacial nociceptive information processing. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:304-307. [PMID: 38734177 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Sp5C), also known as the medullary dorsal horn, receives orofacial somatosensory inputs, particularly nociceptive inputs, from the trigeminal nerve. In the Sp5C, excitatory and inhibitory neurons, glutamatergic and GABAergic/glycinergic neurons, respectively, form the local circuits. The axons of the glutamatergic neurons in lamina I ascend toward the thalamic and parabrachial nuclei, and this projection is the main pathway of orofacial nociception. Additionally, the axons of the higher brain regions, including the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe, and cerebral cortex, are sent to the Sp5C. HIGHLIGHT Among these descending projections, this review focuses on the functional profiles of the corticotrigeminal projections to the Sp5C, along with their anatomical aspects. The primary and secondary somatosensory and insular cortices are of particular interest. CONCLUSION Corticotrigeminal projections from the somatosensory cortex to the Sp5C play a suppressive role in nociceptive information processing, whereas recent studies have demonstrated a facilitative role of the insular cortex in nociceptive information processing at the Sp5C level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Yuka Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Satomi Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
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2
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Islam J, Rahman MT, Kc E, Park YS. Deciphering the functional role of insular cortex stratification in trigeminal neuropathic pain. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:76. [PMID: 38730344 PMCID: PMC11084050 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is a major concern in both dentistry and medicine. The progression from normal to chronic TNP through activation of the insular cortex (IC) is thought to involve several neuroplastic changes in multiple brain regions, resulting in distorted pain perception and associated comorbidities. While the functional changes in the insula are recognized contributors to TNP, the intricate mechanisms underlying the involvement of the insula in TNP processing remain subjects of ongoing investigation. Here, we have overviewed the most recent advancements regarding the functional role of IC in regulating TNP alongside insights into the IC's connectivity with other brain regions implicated in trigeminal pain pathways. In addition, the review examines diverse modulation strategies that target the different parts of the IC, thereby suggesting novel diagnostic and therapeutic management of chronic TNP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisan Islam
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Md Taufiqur Rahman
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Elina Kc
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Young Seok Park
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
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Botterill JJ, Khlaifia A, Appings R, Wilkin J, Violi F, Premachandran H, Cruz-Sanchez A, Canella AE, Patel A, Zaidi SD, Arruda-Carvalho M. Dorsal peduncular cortex activity modulates affective behavior and fear extinction in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:993-1006. [PMID: 38233571 PMCID: PMC11039686 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical to cognitive and emotional function and underlies many neuropsychiatric disorders, including mood, fear and anxiety disorders. In rodents, disruption of mPFC activity affects anxiety- and depression-like behavior, with specialized contributions from its subdivisions. The rodent mPFC is divided into the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), spanning the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsal prelimbic cortex (PL), and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which includes the ventral PL, infralimbic cortex (IL), and in some studies the dorsal peduncular cortex (DP) and dorsal tenia tecta (DTT). The DP/DTT have recently been implicated in the regulation of stress-induced sympathetic responses via projections to the hypothalamus. While many studies implicate the PL and IL in anxiety-, depression-like and fear behavior, the contribution of the DP/DTT to affective and emotional behavior remains unknown. Here, we used chemogenetics and optogenetics to bidirectionally modulate DP/DTT activity and examine its effects on affective behaviors, fear and stress responses in C57BL/6J mice. Acute chemogenetic activation of DP/DTT significantly increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze tests, as well as passive coping in the tail suspension test. DP/DTT activation also led to an increase in serum corticosterone levels and facilitated auditory fear extinction learning and retrieval. Activation of DP/DTT projections to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) acutely decreased freezing at baseline and during extinction learning, but did not alter affective behavior. These findings point to the DP/DTT as a new regulator of affective behavior and fear extinction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Botterill
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Abdessattar Khlaifia
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Ryan Appings
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wilkin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Francesca Violi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Hanista Premachandran
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Arely Cruz-Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3G5, Canada
| | - Anna Elisabete Canella
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Ashutosh Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - S Danyal Zaidi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Maithe Arruda-Carvalho
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C1A4, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3G5, Canada.
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Islam J, Kc E, Kim S, Chung MY, Park KS, Kim HK, Park YS. Optogenetic Inhibition of Glutamatergic Neurons in the Dysgranular Posterior Insular Cortex Modulates Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain in CCI-ION Rat. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:516-532. [PMID: 37700212 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
In individuals with chronic neuropathic pain, the posterior insular cortex (PIC) has been found to exhibit increased glutamatergic activity, and the dysgranular portion of PIC (DPIC) has been investigated as a novel cortical target for pain modulation. However, the role of DPIC glutamatergic neurons (DPICg) in trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) remains unclear. Here, we examined the outcomes of DPICg inhibition in a rat model of chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). Animals were randomly divided into TNP, sham, and control groups. TNP animals underwent CCI-ION surgery. Either optogenetic or null viruses were delivered to the contralateral DPICg of TNP and sham animals. In vivo single-unit extracellular recordings from the ipsilateral spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) and contralateral ventral posteromedial (VPM) thalamus were obtained under both "ON" and "OFF" stimulation states. Behavioral responses during the stimulation-OFF and stimulation-ON phases were examined. Expression of c-Fos, pERK, and CREB immunopositive neurons were also observed. Optogenetic inhibition of contralateral DPICg decreased the neural firing rate in both TNC and VPM thalamus, the expression of sensory-responsive cell bodies, and transcriptional factors in the DPIC of TNP group. Improvements in hyperalgesia, allodynia, and anxiety-like responses in TNP animals were also observed during stimulation-ON condition. In fine, descending pain processing is influenced by neuroanatomical projections from the DPIC to the pain matrix areas, and DPICg could play a necessary role in this neural circuitry. Therefore, the antinociceptive effect of DPICg inhibition in this study may provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of DPICg in TNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisan Islam
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Elina Kc
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ki Seok Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyong Kyu Kim
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Seok Park
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1 Sunhwanro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
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Candemir E, Fattakhov N, Leary AO, Slattery DA, Courtney MJ, Reif A, Freudenberg F. Disrupting the nNOS/NOS1AP interaction in the medial prefrontal cortex impairs social recognition and spatial working memory in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 67:66-79. [PMID: 36513018 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and its interacting protein NOS1AP have been linked to several mental disorders including schizophrenia and depression. An increase in the interaction between nNOS and NOS1AP in the frontal cortex has been suggested to contribute to the emergence of these disorders. Here we aimed to uncover whether disruption of their interactions in the frontal cortex leads to mental disorder endophenotypes. Targeting the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), we stereotaxically injected wild-type C57BL/6J mice with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing either full-length NOS1AP, the nNOS binding region of NOS1AP (i.e. NOS1AP396-503), or the nNOS amino-terminus (i.e. nNOS1-133), which was shown to disrupt the interaction of endogenous nNOS with PSD-95. We tested these mice in a comprehensive behavioural battery, assessing different endophenotypes related to mental disorders. We found no differences in anxiety-related and exploratory behaviours. Likewise, social interaction was comparable in all groups. However, social recognition was impaired in NOS1AP and NOS1AP396-503 mice. These mice, as well as mice overexpressing nNOS1-133 also displayed impaired spatial working memory (SWM) capacity, while spatial reference memory (SRM) remained intact. Finally, mice overexpressing NOS1AP and nNOS1-133, but not NOS1AP396-503, failed to habituate to the startling pulses in an acoustic startle response (ASR) paradigm, though we found no difference in overall startle intensity or prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the ASR. Our findings indicate a distinct role of NOS1AP/nNOS/PSD-95 interactions in the mPFC to contribute to specific endophenotypic changes observed in different mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Candemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Fattakhov
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aet O Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J Courtney
- Neuronal Signalling Laboratory, Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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6
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Babiczky Á, Matyas F. Molecular characteristics and laminar distribution of prefrontal neurons projecting to the mesolimbic system. eLife 2022; 11:78813. [PMID: 36063145 PMCID: PMC9444245 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortical influence over the mesolimbic system - including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) - is implicated in various cognitive processes and behavioral malfunctions. The functional versatility of this system could be explained by an underlying anatomical complexity; however, the detailed characterization of the medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) innervation of the NAc and VTA is still lacking. Therefore, combining classical retrograde and conditional viral tracing techniques with multiple fluorescent immunohistochemistry, we sought to deliver a precise, cell- and layer-specific anatomical description of the cortico-mesolimbic pathways in mice. We demonstrated that NAc- (mPFCNAc) and VTA-projecting mPFC (mPFCVTA) populations show different laminar distribution (layers 2/3-5a and 5b-6, respectively) and express different molecular markers. Specifically, calbindin and Ntsr1 are specific to mPFCNAc neurons, while mPFCVTA neurons express high levels of Ctip2 and FoxP2, indicating that these populations are mostly separated at the cellular level. We directly tested this with double retrograde tracing and Canine adenovirus type 2-mediated viral labeling and found that there is indeed minimal overlap between the two populations. Furthermore, whole-brain analysis revealed that the projection pattern of these populations is also different throughout the brain. Taken together, we demonstrated that the NAc and the VTA are innervated by two, mostly nonoverlapping mPFC populations with different laminar distribution and molecular profile. These results can contribute to the advancement in our understanding of mesocorticolimbic functions and its disorders in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Babiczky
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology/Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Matyas
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Souza R, Bueno D, Lima LB, Muchon MJ, Gonçalves L, Donato J, Shammah-Lagnado SJ, Metzger M. Top-down projections of the prefrontal cortex to the ventral tegmental area, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and median raphe nucleus. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2465-2487. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Efferent and afferent connections of supratrigeminal neurons conveying orofacial muscle proprioception in rats. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:111-129. [PMID: 34611777 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The supratrigeminal nucleus (Su5) is a key structure for controlling jaw movements; it receives proprioceptive sensation from jaw-closing muscle spindles (JCMSs) and sends projections to the trigeminal motor nucleus (Mo5). However, the central projections and regulation of JCMS proprioceptive sensation are not yet fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the efferent and afferent connections of the Su5 using neuronal tract tracings. Anterograde tracer injections into the Su5 revealed that the Su5 sends contralateral projections (or bilateral projections with a contralateral predominance) to the Su5, basilar pontine nuclei, pontine reticular nucleus, deep mesencephalic nucleus, superior colliculus, caudo-ventromedial edge of the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus, parafascicular thalamic nucleus, zona incerta, and lateral hypothalamus, and ipsilateral projections (or bilateral projections with an ipsilateral predominance) to the intertrigeminal region, trigeminal oral subnucleus, dorsal medullary reticular formation, and hypoglossal nucleus as well as the Mo5. Retrograde tracer injections into the Su5 demonstrated that the Su5 receives bilateral projections with a contralateral predominance (or contralateral projections) from the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, granular insular cortex, and Su5, and ipsilateral projections (or bilateral projections with an ipsilateral predominance) from the dorsal peduncular cortex, bed nuclei of stria terminalis, central amygdaloid nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, parasubthalamic nucleus, trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, juxtatrigeminal region, trigeminal oral and caudal subnuclei, and dorsal medullary reticular formation. These findings suggest that the Su5, which receives JCMS proprioception, has efferent and afferent connections with multiple brain regions that are involved in emotional and autonomic functions as well as orofacial motor functions.
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Tsutsumi Y, Mizuno Y, Haque T, Sato F, Furuta T, Oka A, Moritani M, Bae YC, Yamashiro T, Tachibana Y, Yoshida A. Widespread corticopetal projections from the oval paracentral nucleus of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei conveying orofacial proprioception in rats. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1115-1133. [PMID: 33543335 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oval paracentral nucleus (OPC) was initially isolated from the paracentral nucleus (PC) within the intralaminar thalamic nuclei in rats. We have recently shown that the rat OPC receives proprioceptive inputs from jaw-closing muscle spindles (JCMSs). However, it remains unknown which cortical areas receive thalamic inputs from the OPC, and whether the cortical areas receiving the OPC inputs are distinct from those receiving inputs from the other intralaminar nuclei and sensory thalamic nuclei. To address this issue, we injected an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextranamine (BDA), into the OPC, which was electrophysiologically identified by recording of proprioceptive inputs from the JCMSs. Many BDA-labeled axonal fibers and terminals from the OPC were ipsilaterally observed in the rostral and rostroventral regions of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), the rostral region of the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), and the most rostrocaudal levels of the granular insular cortex (GI). In contrast, a BDA injection into the caudal PC, which was located slightly rostral to the OPC, resulted in ipsilateral labeling of axonal fibers and terminals in the rostrolateral region of the medial agranular cortex and the rostromedial region of the lateral agranular cortex. Furthermore, injections of a retrograde tracer, Fluorogold, into these S1, S2, and GI regions, resulted in preferential labeling of neurons in the ipsilateral OPC among the intralaminar and sensory thalamic nuclei. These findings reveal that the rat OPC has widespread, but strong corticopetal projections, indicating that there exist divergent corticopetal pathways from the intralaminar thalamic nucleus, which process JCMS proprioceptive sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Mizuno
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tahsinul Haque
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Furuta
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayaka Oka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Moritani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, 559-8611, Japan
| | - Yong Chul Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 700-412, Korea
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tachibana
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Kobayashi M, Nakaya Y. Anatomical aspects of corticotrigeminal projections to the medullary dorsal horn. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:144-146. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Riken
| | - Yuka Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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11
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Tamaddonfard E, Erfanparast A, Salighedar R, Tamaddonfard S. Medial prefrontal cortex diclofenac-induced antinociception is mediated through GPR55, cannabinoid CB1, and mu-opioid receptors of this area and periaqueductal gray. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:371-379. [PMID: 31641818 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Supraspinal mechanisms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced antinociception are not well understood. In the present study, the possible antinociceptive mechanisms induced by intra-medial prefrontal cortex (intra-mPFC) microinjection of diclofenac were investigated after blockade of GPR55, cannabinoid CB1, and mu-opioid receptors in this area and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). For drug delivery, unilateral (left side) of mPFC and bilateral (right and left sides) of vlPAG were surgically cannulated. Formalin test was induced by subcutaneous injection of a diluted formalin solution into the right vibrissa pad. A typical biphasic (neurogenic and inflammatory phases) pain behavior was produced following formalin injection. Microinjection of diclofenac (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/0.25 μL) into the mPFC suppressed both phases of pain. Intra-mPFC microinjection of naloxonazine (a mu-opioid receptor antagonist, 1 μg/0.25 μL) and AM251 (a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, 1 μg/0.25 μL) increased both phases of pain intensity. In addition, intra-mPFC-microinjected diclofenac-induced antinociception was inhibited by prior intra-mPFC and intra-vlPAG administration of naloxonazine and AM251. On the other hand, intra-mPFC and intra-vlPAG microinjection of AM251 (0.25 μg/0.25 μL) decreased pain severity which was inhibited by prior administration of ML193. The above-mentioned drugs did not alter locomotor activity. In conclusion, diclofenac suppressed both the neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced orofacial pain at the level of mPFC. GPR55, cannabinoid CB1, and mu-opioid receptors of the mPFC and vlPAG might be involved in the mPFC analgesic effects of diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeal Tamaddonfard
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Erfanparast
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Reza Salighedar
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Tamaddonfard
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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12
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Roet M, Pol S, Schaper FLWVJ, Hoogland G, Jahanshahi A, Temel Y. Severe seizures as a side effect of deep brain stimulation in the dorsal peduncular cortex in a rat model of depression. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 92:269-275. [PMID: 30731292 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown to have antidepressant effects in both human trials and animal studies. However, the optimal target and the underlying therapeutic mechanisms remain to be determined. In this study, we investigated if high frequency (HF) DBS in the dorsal peduncular cortex (DPC) alleviates depressive-like behavior in an experimental model of depression. Surprisingly, HF DBS in the DPC caused acute induction of seizures in ~40% of animals stimulated with clinically relevant stimulation parameters. Reducing the stimulation's amplitude by 50% did not alter seizure occurrence. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings showed seizures up to Racine stage IV lasting up to 4 min after cessation of stimulation. We conclude that HF DBS in the DPC is not suitable for mood-related experiments in rats but could be a potential model for seizure induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milaine Roet
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands.
| | - Sylvana Pol
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric L W V J Schaper
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands
| | - Govert Hoogland
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurosurgery, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), The Netherlands.
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13
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Bjerke IE, Øvsthus M, Andersson KA, Blixhavn CH, Kleven H, Yates SC, Puchades MA, Bjaalie JG, Leergaard TB. Navigating the Murine Brain: Toward Best Practices for Determining and Documenting Neuroanatomical Locations in Experimental Studies. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:82. [PMID: 30450039 PMCID: PMC6224483 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental neuroscientific research, anatomical location is a key attribute of experimental observations and critical for interpretation of results, replication of findings, and comparison of data across studies. With steadily rising numbers of publications reporting basic experimental results, there is an increasing need for integration and synthesis of data. Since comparison of data relies on consistently defined anatomical locations, it is a major concern that practices and precision in the reporting of location of observations from different types of experimental studies seem to vary considerably. To elucidate and possibly meet this challenge, we have evaluated and compared current practices for interpreting and documenting the anatomical location of measurements acquired from murine brains with different experimental methods. Our observations show substantial differences in approach, interpretation and reproducibility of anatomical locations among reports of different categories of experimental research, and strongly indicate that ambiguous reports of anatomical location can be attributed to missing descriptions. Based on these findings, we suggest a set of minimum requirements for documentation of anatomical location in experimental murine brain research. We furthermore demonstrate how these requirements have been applied in the EU Human Brain Project to optimize workflows for integration of heterogeneous data in common reference atlases. We propose broad adoption of some straightforward steps for improving the precision of location metadata and thereby facilitating interpretation, reuse and integration of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild E Bjerke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Øvsthus
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krister A Andersson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla H Blixhavn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Kleven
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sharon C Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maja A Puchades
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve B Leergaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Tsutsumi Y, Tachibana Y, Sato F, Furuta T, Ohara H, Tomita A, Fujita M, Moritani M, Yoshida A. Cortical and Subcortical Projections from Granular Insular Cortex Receiving Orofacial Proprioception. Neuroscience 2018; 388:317-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Ikenoue E, Akhter F, Tsutsumi Y, Sato F, Ohara H, Uchino K, Furuta T, Tachibana Y, Yoshida A. Transcortical descending pathways through granular insular cortex conveying orofacial proprioception. Brain Res 2018; 1687:11-19. [PMID: 29481796 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our motor behavior can be affected by proprioceptive information. However, little is known about which brain circuits contribute to this process. We have recently revealed that the proprioceptive information arising from jaw-closing muscle spindles (JCMSs) is conveyed to the supratrigeminal nucleus (Su5) by neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Me5), then to the caudo-ventromedial edge of ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus (VPMcvm), and finally to the dorsal part of granular insular cortex rostroventrally adjacent to the rostralmost part of secondary somatosensory cortex (dGIrvs2). Our next question is which brain areas receive the information from the dGIrvs2 for the jaw-movements. To test this issue, we injected an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextranamine, into the dGIrvs2, and analyzed the resultant distribution profiles of the labeled axon terminals. Anterogradely labeled axons were distributed in the pontomedullary areas (including the Su5) which are known to receive JCMS proprioceptive inputs conveyed directly by the Me5 neurons and to contain premotoneurons projecting to the jaw-closing motoneurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus (Mo5). They were also found in and around the VPMcvm. In contrast, no labeled axonal terminals were detected on the cell bodies of Me5 neurons and motoneurons in the Mo5. These data suggest that jaw-movements, which are evoked by the classically defined jaw-reflex arc originating from the peripheral JCMS proprioceptive information, could also be modulated by the transcortical feedback connections from the dGIrvs2 to the VPMcvm and Su5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Ikenoue
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fatema Akhter
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yumi Tsutsumi
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruka Ohara
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuro Uchino
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Acupuncture, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Takarazuka, Hyogo 666-0162, Japan
| | - Takahiro Furuta
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tachibana
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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16
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Hashimoto M, Yamanaka A, Kato S, Tanifuji M, Kobayashi K, Yaginuma H. Anatomical Evidence for a Direct Projection from Purkinje Cells in the Mouse Cerebellar Vermis to Medial Parabrachial Nucleus. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:6. [PMID: 29467628 PMCID: PMC5808303 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar malformations cause changes to the sleep-wake cycle, resulting in sleep disturbance. However, it is unclear how the cerebellum contributes to the sleep-wake cycle. To examine the neural connections between the cerebellum and the nuclei involved in the sleep-wake cycle, we investigated the axonal projections of Purkinje cells in the mouse posterior vermis by using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector (serotype rh10) as an anterograde tracer. When an AAV vector expressing humanized renilla green fluorescent protein was injected into the cerebellar lobule IX, hrGFP and synaptophysin double-positive axonal terminals were observed in the region of medial parabrachial nucleus (MPB). The MPB is involved in the phase transition from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to Non-REM sleep and vice versa, and the cardiovascular and respiratory responses. The hrGFP-positive axons from lobule IX went through the ventral spinocerebellar tract and finally reached the MPB. By contrast, when the AAV vector was injected into cerebellar lobule VI, no hrGFP-positive axons were observed in the MPB. To examine neurons projecting to the MPB, we unilaterally injected Fast Blue and AAV vector (retrograde serotype, rAAV2-retro) as retrograde tracers into the MPB. The cerebellar Purkinje cells in lobules VIII–X on the ipsilateral side of the Fast Blue-injected MPB were retrogradely labeled by Fast Blue and AAV vector (retrograde serotype), but no retrograde-labeled Purkinje cells were observed in lobules VI–VII and the cerebellar hemispheres. These results indicated that Purkinje cells in lobules VIII–X directly project their axons to the ipsilateral MPB but not lobules VI–VII. The direct connection between lobules VIII–X and the MPB suggests that the cerebellum participates in the neural network controlling the sleep-wake cycle, and cardiovascular and respiratory responses, by modulating the physiological function of the MPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Embryology, Fukushima Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Brain Interdisciplinary Research Division, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya-shi, Japan.,Laboratory for Integrative Neural Systems, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya-shi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Tanifuji
- Laboratory for Integrative Neural Systems, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yaginuma
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Embryology, Fukushima Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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17
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Desfilis E, Abellán A, Sentandreu V, Medina L. Expression of regulatory genes in the embryonic brain of a lizard and implications for understanding pallial organization and evolution. J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:166-202. [PMID: 28891227 PMCID: PMC5765483 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The comparison of gene expression patterns in the embryonic brain of mouse and chicken is being essential for understanding pallial organization. However, the scarcity of gene expression data in reptiles, crucial for understanding evolution, makes it difficult to identify homologues of pallial divisions in different amniotes. We cloned and analyzed the expression of the genes Emx1, Lhx2, Lhx9, and Tbr1 in the embryonic telencephalon of the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus. The comparative expression patterns of these genes, critical for pallial development, are better understood when using a recently proposed six‐part model of pallial divisions. The lizard medial pallium, expressing all genes, includes the medial and dorsomedial cortices, and the majority of the dorsal cortex, except the region of the lateral cortical superposition. The latter is rich in Lhx9 expression, being excluded as a candidate of dorsal or lateral pallia, and may belong to a distinct dorsolateral pallium, which extends from rostral to caudal levels. Thus, the neocortex homolog cannot be found in the classical reptilian dorsal cortex, but perhaps in a small Emx1‐expressing/Lhx9‐negative area at the front of the telencephalon, resembling the avian hyperpallium. The ventral pallium, expressing Lhx9, but not Emx1, gives rise to the dorsal ventricular ridge and appears comparable to the avian nidopallium. We also identified a distinct ventrocaudal pallial sector comparable to the avian arcopallium and to part of the mammalian pallial amygdala. These data open new venues for understanding the organization and evolution of the pallium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Desfilis
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Antonio Abellán
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Vicente Sentandreu
- Servicio Central de Apoyo a la Investigación Experimental (SCSIE), Sección de Genómica, University of València, 46100, València, Spain
| | - Loreta Medina
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25198, Lleida, Spain
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18
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Orofacial proprioceptive thalamus of the rat. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2655-2669. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Gretenkord S, Rees A, Whittington MA, Gartside SE, LeBeau FEN. Dorsal vs. ventral differences in fast Up-state-associated oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex of the urethane-anesthetized rat. J Neurophysiol 2016; 117:1126-1142. [PMID: 28003411 PMCID: PMC5340880 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00762.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate, in the urethane-anesthetized rat, that within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) there are clear subregional differences in the fast network oscillations associated with the slow oscillation Up-state. These differences, particularly between the dorsal and ventral subregions of the mPFC, may reflect the different functions and connectivity of these subregions. Cortical slow oscillations (0.1–1 Hz), which may play a role in memory consolidation, are a hallmark of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and also occur under anesthesia. During slow oscillations the neuronal network generates faster oscillations on the active Up-states and these nested oscillations are particularly prominent in the PFC. In rodents the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) consists of several subregions: anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prelimbic (PrL), infralimbic (IL), and dorsal peduncular cortices (DP). Although each region has a distinct anatomy and function, it is not known whether slow or fast network oscillations differ between subregions in vivo. We have simultaneously recorded slow and fast network oscillations in all four subregions of the rodent mPFC under urethane anesthesia. Slow oscillations were synchronous between the mPFC subregions, and across the hemispheres, with no consistent amplitude difference between subregions. Delta (2–4 Hz) activity showed only small differences between subregions. However, oscillations in the spindle (6–15 Hz)-, beta (20–30 Hz), gamma (30–80 Hz)-, and high-gamma (80–150 Hz)-frequency bands were consistently larger in the dorsal regions (ACC and PrL) compared with ventral regions (IL and DP). In dorsal regions the peak power of spindle, beta, and gamma activity occurred early after onset of the Up-state. In the ventral regions, especially the DP, the oscillatory power in the spindle-, beta-, and gamma-frequency ranges peaked later in the Up-state. These results suggest variations in fast network oscillations within the mPFC that may reflect the different functions and connectivity of these subregions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate, in the urethane-anesthetized rat, that within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) there are clear subregional differences in the fast network oscillations associated with the slow oscillation Up-state. These differences, particularly between the dorsal and ventral subregions of the mPFC, may reflect the different functions and connectivity of these subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gretenkord
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.,Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Adrian Rees
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Miles A Whittington
- York-Hull Medical School, F1-Department of Biology, York University, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Gartside
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona E N LeBeau
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Medical School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom;
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20
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Fujio T, Sato F, Tachibana Y, Kato T, Tomita A, Higashiyama K, Ono T, Maeda Y, Yoshida A. Revisiting the supratrigeminal nucleus in the rat. Neuroscience 2016; 324:307-20. [PMID: 26987956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The supratrigeminal nucleus (Vsup), originally proposed as a premotoneuron pool in the trigeminal reflex arc, is a key structure of jaw movement control. Surprisingly, however, the location of the rat Vsup has not precisely been defined. In light of our previous cat studies, we made two hypotheses regarding the rat Vsup: (1) the Vsup is cytoarchitectonically distinguishable from its surrounding structures; (2) the Vsup receives central axon terminals of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus (Vmes) neurons which are primary afferents innervating muscle spindles of jaw-closing muscles and periodontal ligaments around the teeth. To test the first hypothesis, we examined the cytoarchitecture of the rat Vsup. The Vsup was identified as an area medially adjacent to the dorsomedial part of trigeminal principal sensory nucleus (Vp), and extended from the level just rostral to the caudal two-thirds of the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmo) to the level approximately 150 μm caudal to the Vmo. Our rat Vsup was much smaller and its location was considerably different in comparison to the Vsup reported previously. To evaluate the second hypothesis, we tested the distribution patterns of Vmes primary afferent terminals in the cytoarchitectonically identified Vsup. After transganglionic tracer applications to the masseter, deep temporal, and medial pterygoid nerves, a large number of axon terminals were observed in all parts of Vsup (especially in its medial part). After applications to the inferior alveolar, infraorbital, and lingual nerves, a small number of axon terminals were labeled in the caudolateral Vsup. The Vsup could also be identified electrophysiologically. After electrical stimulation of the masseter nerve, evoked potentials with slow negative component were isolated only in the Vsup. The present findings suggest that the rat Vsup can be cytoarchitectonically and electrophysiologically identified, receives somatotopic termination of the trigeminal primary afferents, and principally receives strong termination of the spindle Vmes primary afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujio
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - F Sato
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Tachibana
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Kato
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Tomita
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Higashiyama
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Ono
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Y Maeda
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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21
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Glykos V, Whittington MA, LeBeau FEN. Subregional differences in the generation of fast network oscillations in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in vitro. J Physiol 2015; 593:3597-615. [PMID: 26041504 PMCID: PMC4560586 DOI: 10.1113/jp270811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Fast network oscillations in the beta (20-30 Hz) frequency range can be evoked with combined activation of muscarinic and kainate receptors in different subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Subregional differences were observed as the oscillations in the dorsal prelimbic cortex (PrL) were smaller in magnitude than those in the ventral dorsopeduncular (DP) region, and these differences persisted in trimmed slices containing only PrL and DP regions. Oscillations in both regions were dependent upon GABAA and AMPA receptor activation but NMDA receptor blockade decreased oscillations only in the DP region. Subregional differences in neuronal properties of the presumed pyramidal cells were found between PrL and DP, with many more cells in DP firing rhythmically compared to the PrL region. Presumed inhibitory synaptic potentials (IPSPs) recorded from principal cells were more rhythmic and coherent, and significantly larger in amplitude, in the DP region; the data suggest that variation in the patterns of activity between subregions may reflect distinct functional roles. ABSTRACT Fast network oscillations in the beta (20-30 Hz) and low gamma (30-80 Hz) range underlie higher cognitive functions associated with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) including attention and working memory. Using a combination of kainate (KA, 200 nm) and the cholinergic agonist carbachol (Cb, 10 μm) fast network oscillations, in the beta frequency range, were evoked in the rat mPFC in vitro. Oscillations were elicited in the prelimbic (PrL), infralimbic (IL) and the dorsopeduncular (DP) cortex, with the largest oscillations observed in DP cortex. Oscillations in both the PrL and DP were dependent, with slightly different sensitivities, on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A , α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors, but only oscillations in the DP were significantly reduced by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade. Intracellular recordings showed that 9/20 regular spiking (RS) cells in the PrL exhibited a notable cAMP-dependent hyperpolarisation activated current (Ih ) in contrast to 16/17 in the DP cortex. Extracellular single unit recordings showed that the majority of cells in the PrL, and DP regions had interspike firing frequencies (IFFs) at beta (20-30 Hz) frequencies and fired at the peak negativity of the field oscillation. Recordings in DP revealed presumed inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) that were larger in amplitude and more rhythmic than those in the PrL region. Our data suggest that each PFC subregion may be capable of generating distinct patterns of network activity with different cell types involved. Variation in the properties of oscillations evoked in the PrL and DP probably reflects the distinct functional roles of these different PFC regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Glykos
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Miles A Whittington
- York-Hull Medical School, F1- Department of Biology, York University, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Fiona E N LeBeau
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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