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Ahmed HH, Essam RM, El-Yamany MF, Ahmed KA, El-Sahar AE. Unleashing lactoferrin's antidepressant potential through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in chronic restraint stress rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:9265-9278. [PMID: 37767889 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a widespread neuropsychiatric illness whose etiology is yet mysterious. Lactoferrin (LF), an iron-binding glycoprotein, is reported to promote neuroprotection through its role in the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the efficacy of LF against chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depressive behavior in rats. Depression was evidenced by a reduced grooming time in the splash test and an increased immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). This effect was also accompanied by reduced GSH and serotonin levels and elevated lipid peroxidation and corticosterone levels in the hippocampus. Additionally, an exaggerated hippocampal inflammatory response was also shown by a rise in NF-κB (p65) and TNF-α levels and a reduced IL-10 level. Moreover, CRS substantially reduced the BDNF content as well as the protein levels of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR while boosting the GSK3β content. Interestingly, LF therapy significantly improved CRS-induced behavioral and biochemical aberrations, an effect which was suppressed upon pretreatment with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). This suggests that the antidepressant potential of LF may be mediated through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, LF succeeded in restoring 5-HT and corticosterone levels, diminishing oxidative stress and ameliorating the inflammatory cascades. Therefore, and for the first time, LF might serve as a promising antidepressant drug through targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
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Sokolov AV, Dubrovskaya NM, Kostevich VA, Vasilev DS, Voynova IV, Zakharova ET, Runova OL, Semak IV, Budevich AI, Nalivaeva NN, Vasilyev VB. Lactoferrin Induces Erythropoietin Synthesis and Rescues Cognitive Functions in the Offspring of Rats Subjected to Prenatal Hypoxia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071399. [PMID: 35406012 PMCID: PMC9003537 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of recombinant human lactoferrin rhLF (branded “CAPRABEL™”) on the cognitive functions of rat offspring subjected to prenatal hypoxia (7% O2, 3 h, 14th day of gestation) have been analyzed. About 90% of rhLF in CAPRABEL was iron-free (apo-LF). Rat dams received several injections of 10 mg of CAPRABEL during either gestation (before and after the hypoxic attack) or lactation. Western blotting revealed the appearance of erythropoietin (EPO) alongside the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in organ homogenates of apo-rhLF-treated pregnant females, their embryos (but not placentas), and in suckling pups from the dams treated with apo-rhLF during lactation. Apo-rhLF injected to rat dams either during pregnancy or nurturing the pups was able to rescue cognitive deficits caused by prenatal hypoxia and improve various types of memory both in young and adult offspring when tested in the radial maze and by the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test. The data obtained suggested that the apo-form of human LF injected to female rats during gestation or lactation protects the cognitive functions of their offspring impaired by prenatal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Sokolov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov Str. 12, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.V.V.); (E.T.Z.); (O.L.R.)
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University, 8A 21st Line V.O., 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (V.B.V.)
| | - Nadezhda M. Dubrovskaya
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathology of CNS, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.M.D.); (D.S.V.); (N.N.N.)
| | - Valeria A. Kostevich
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov Str. 12, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.V.V.); (E.T.Z.); (O.L.R.)
| | - Dmitrii S. Vasilev
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathology of CNS, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.M.D.); (D.S.V.); (N.N.N.)
| | - Irina V. Voynova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov Str. 12, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.V.V.); (E.T.Z.); (O.L.R.)
| | - Elena T. Zakharova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov Str. 12, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.V.V.); (E.T.Z.); (O.L.R.)
| | - Olga L. Runova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov Str. 12, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.V.V.); (E.T.Z.); (O.L.R.)
| | - Igor V. Semak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimisty Ave. 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Alexander I. Budevich
- Scientific and Practical Centre on Animal Husbandry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 11 Frunze Str., 222160 Zhodino, Belarus;
| | - Natalia N. Nalivaeva
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathology of CNS, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (N.M.D.); (D.S.V.); (N.N.N.)
| | - Vadim B. Vasilyev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov Str. 12, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.K.); (I.V.V.); (E.T.Z.); (O.L.R.)
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University, 8A 21st Line V.O., 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.S.); (V.B.V.)
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Li YQ, Guo C. A Review on Lactoferrin and Central Nervous System Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071810. [PMID: 34359979 PMCID: PMC8307123 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are currently one of the major health issues around the world. Most CNS disorders are characterized by high oxidative stress levels and intense inflammatory responses in affected tissues. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein, plays a significant role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator, antitumor immunity, and anti-apoptotic processes. Previous studies have shown that Lf is abnormally expressed in a variety of neurological diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the promotion of neurodevelopment and neuroprotection by Lf has attracted widespread attention, and Lf could be exploited both as an active therapeutic agent and drug nanocarrier. However, our understanding of the roles of Lf proteins in the initiation or progression of CNS diseases is limited, especially the roles of Lf in regulating neurogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the major pharmacological effects of Lf in CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disease, developmental delays in children, and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuang Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-8365-6109
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Ben-Othman S, Jõudu I, Bhat R. Bioactives From Agri-Food Wastes: Present Insights and Future Challenges. Molecules 2020; 25:E510. [PMID: 31991658 PMCID: PMC7037811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable utilization of agri-food wastes and by-products for producing value-added products (for cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food industrial applications) provides an opportunity for earning additional income for the dependent industrial sector. Besides, effective valorisation of wastes/by-products can efficiently help in reducing environmental stress by decreasing unwarranted pollution. The major focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on valorisation of agri-food wastes and by-products with focus laid on bioactive compounds and bioactivity. The review covers the bioactives identified from wastes and by-products of plants (fruits, exotic fruits, vegetables and seeds), animals (dairy and meat) and marine (fish, shellfish seaweeds) resources. Further, insights on the present status and future challenges of sustainably utilizing agri-food wastes/by-products for value addition will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ben-Othman
- ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (S.B.-O.); (I.J.)
| | - Ivi Jõudu
- ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (S.B.-O.); (I.J.)
- Chair of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Science, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rajeev Bhat
- ERA Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies of the Estonian University of Life Sciences (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr.R.Kreutzwaldi 56/5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (S.B.-O.); (I.J.)
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Erythropoietin and Nrf2: key factors in the neuroprotection provided by apo-lactoferrin. Biometals 2018; 31:425-443. [PMID: 29748743 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the properties of lactoferrin (LF) are bactericidal, antianemic, immunomodulatory, antitumour, antiphlogistic effects. Previously we demonstrated its capacity to stabilize in vivo HIF-1-alpha and HIF-2-alpha, which are redox-sensitive multiaimed transcription factors. Various tissues of animals receiving recombinant human LF (rhLF) responded by expressing the HIF-1-alpha target genes, hence such proteins as erythropoietin (EPO), ceruloplasmin, etc. were synthesized in noticeable amounts. Among organs in which EPO synthesis occurred were brain, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and lungs. Other researchers showed that EPO can act as a protectant against severe brain injury and status epilepticus in rats. Therefore, we tried rhLF as a protector against the severe neurologic disorders developed in rats, such as the rotenone-induced model of Parkinson's disease and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as a model of multiple sclerosis, and observed its capacity to mitigate the grave symptoms. Moreover, an intraperitoneal injection of rhLF into mice 1 h after occlusion of the medial cerebral artery significantly diminished the necrosis area measured on the third day in the ischaemic brain. During this period EPO was synthesized in various murine tissues. It was known that EPO induces nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which, like HIF-1-alpha, is a transcription factor. In view that under conditions of hypoxia both factors demonstrate a synergistic protective effect, we suggested that LF activates the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, an important link in proliferation and differentiation of normal and malignant cells. J774 macrophages were cultured for 3 days without or in the presence of ferric and ferrous ions (RPMI-1640 and DMEM/F12, respectively). Then cells were incubated with rhLF or Deferiprone. Confocal microscopy revealed nuclear translocation of Nrf2 (the key event in Keap1/Nrf2 signaling) induced by apo-rhLF (iron-free, RPMI-1640). The reference compound Deferiprone (iron chelator) had the similar effect. Upon iron binding (in DMEM/F12) rhLF did not activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Added to J774, apo-rhLF enhanced transcription of Nrf2-dependent genes coding for glutathione S-transferase P and heme oxygenase-1. Western blotting revealed presence of Nrf2 in mice brain after 6 days of oral administration of apo-rhLF, but not Fe-rhLF or equivalent amount of PBS. Hence, apo-LF, but not holo-LF, induces the translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to the nucleus, probably due to its capacity to induce EPO synthesis.
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Akilo OD, Kumar P, Choonara YE, Pradeep P, du Toit LC, Pillay V. Hypothesis: apo-lactoferrin-Galantamine Proteo-alkaloid Conjugate for Alzheimer's disease Intervention. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1957-1963. [PMID: 29377514 PMCID: PMC5824407 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to be caused by the accumulation of deformed beta amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins resulting into formation and aggregation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Additionally, AD is associated with the accumulation of iron or metal ions in the brain which causes oxidative stress. Galantamine (Gal) is one of the therapeutic agents that has been approved for the treatment of AD, but still saddled with numerous side effects and could not address the issue of iron accumulation in the brain. The use of metal chelators to address the iron accumulation has not been successful due to toxicity and inability to address the aggregation of the plaques. We therefore hypothesize a combinatorial antioxidant-metal-chelator approach by formulating a single dosage form that has the ability to prevent the formation of free radicals, plaques and accumulation of iron in the brain. This can be achieved by conjugating Gal with apo-lactoferrin (ApoLf), a natural compound that has high binding affinity for iron, to form an apo-lactoferrin-galantamine proteo-alkaloid conjugate (ApoLf-Gal) as a single dosage form for AD management. The conjugation is achieved through self-assembly of ApoLf which results in encapsulation of Gal. ApoLf changes its conformational structure in the presence of iron; therefore, ApoLf-Gal is proposed to deliver Gal and pick up excess iron when in contact with iron. This strategy has the potential to proffer a dual neuroprotection and neurotherapeutic interventions for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi D. Akilo
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research UnitDepartment of Pharmacy and PharmacologySchool of Therapeutic SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research UnitDepartment of Pharmacy and PharmacologySchool of Therapeutic SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research UnitDepartment of Pharmacy and PharmacologySchool of Therapeutic SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Priyamvada Pradeep
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research UnitDepartment of Pharmacy and PharmacologySchool of Therapeutic SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Lisa C. du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research UnitDepartment of Pharmacy and PharmacologySchool of Therapeutic SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research UnitDepartment of Pharmacy and PharmacologySchool of Therapeutic SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
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Kostevich VA, Sokolov AV, Kozlov SO, Vlasenko AY, Kolmakov NN, Zakharova ET, Vasilyev VB. Functional link between ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin and protective effect of apo-lactoferrin: studying rats kept on a silver chloride diet. Biometals 2016; 29:691-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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