1
|
Obot P, Cibelli A, Pan J, Velíšek L, Velíšková J, Scemes E. Pannexin1 Mediates Early-Life Seizure-Induced Social Behavior Deficits. ASN Neuro 2024; 16:2371164. [PMID: 39024558 DOI: 10.1080/17590914.2024.2371164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a high co-morbidity between childhood epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with age of seizure onset being a critical determinant of behavioral outcomes. The interplay between these comorbidities has been investigated in animal models with results showing that the induction of seizures at early post-natal ages leads to learning and memory deficits and to autistic-like behavior in adulthood. Modifications of the excitation/inhibition (glutamate/GABA, ATP/adenosine) balance that follows early-life seizures (ELS) are thought to be the physiological events that underlie neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Although alterations in purinergic/adenosinergic signaling have been implicated in seizures and ASD, it is unknown whether the ATP release channels, Pannexin1 (Panx1), contribute to ELS-induced behavior changes. To tackle this question, we used the ELS-kainic acid model in transgenic mice with global and cell type specific deletion of Panx1 to evaluate whether these channels were involved in behavioral deficits that occur later in life. Our studies show that ELS results in Panx1 dependent social behavior deficits and also in poor performance in a spatial memory test that does not involve Panx1. These findings provide support for a link between ELS and adult behavioral deficits. Moreover, we identify neuronal and not astrocyte Panx1 as a potential target to specifically limit astrogliosis and social behavioral deficits resultant from early-life seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Price Obot
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Cibelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Libor Velíšek
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jana Velíšková
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Eliana Scemes
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Comparison of traditional and closed loop vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy: A propensity-matched retrospective cohort study. Seizure 2021; 94:74-81. [PMID: 34872020 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For epilepsy patients with drug-resistant, unresectable epilepsy, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an option for seizure control. Approximately 40-70% of patients will achieve ≥50% seizure reduction with VNS. New closed loop VNS models detect ictal tachycardia and responsively stimulate the vagus nerve. The effectiveness of closed loop VNS compared to traditional VNS for pediatric epilepsy is unknown. METHODS An 11-year retrospective electronic medical record review at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh was performed. Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent VNS implantation were included. Patients were divided into groups based on VNS model: traditional versus closed loop. Those who transitioned from traditional to closed loop VNS were excluded. Given potential for selection bias, propensity scores matching was utilized to compare traditional to closed loop VNS patients. Patients with focal versus generalized epilepsy were also separately analyzed. The primary outcome was "VNS response", defined as at least 50% seizure frequency reduction from baseline. RESULTS A total of 320 patients were included in this sample. The percentage of matched patients (total n = 220: n = 179 traditional VNS, n = 41 closed loop VNS) who responded to VNS after one year of therapy was 43% for traditional VNS and 39% for closed loop VNS (p = 0.64). After two years of therapy, a higher proportion of closed loop VNS patients than traditional VNS patients responded to VNS among all subgroups, though no differences were statistically significant (p>0.05). Notably, for those with generalized epilepsy, 73% of closed loop patients responded to VNS compared to only 46% of traditional patients (p = 0.10). After two years of VNS therapy, patients were taking approximately the same quantity of antiseizure medications as baseline (change of +0.074 +/- 0.90 ) with no difference between VNS models (p = 0.87). SIGNIFICANCE Among pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, closed loop VNS trends towards a higher rate of VNS response after two years of treatment, especially among generalized epilepsy patients. Neither model of VNS allows patients to reduce antiseizure medication quantity after two years.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tilelli CQ, Flôres LR, Cota VR, Castro OWD, Garcia-Cairasco N. Amygdaloid complex anatomopathological findings in animal models of status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:106831. [PMID: 31864944 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epileptic seizures are one of the most common and well-characterized types of epilepsies. The current knowledge on the pathology of temporal lobe epilepsy relies strongly on studies of epileptogenesis caused by experimentally induced status epilepticus (SE). Although several temporal lobe structures have been implicated in the epileptogenic process, the hippocampal formation is the temporal lobe structure studied in the greatest amount and detail. However, studies in human patients and animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy indicate that the amygdaloid complex can be also an important seizure generator, and several pathological processes have been shown in the amygdala during epileptogenesis. Therefore, in the present review, we systematically selected, organized, described, and analyzed the current knowledge on anatomopathological data associated with the amygdaloid complex during SE-induced epileptogenesis. Amygdaloid complex participation in the epileptogenic process is evidenced, among others, by alterations in energy metabolism, circulatory, and fluid regulation, neurotransmission, immediate early genes expression, tissue damage, cell suffering, inflammation, and neuroprotection. We conclude that major efforts should be made in order to include the amygdaloid complex as an important target area for evaluation in future research on SE-induced epileptogenesis. This article is part of the Special Issue "NEWroscience 2018".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Queixa Tilelli
- Laboratory of Physiology, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Bairro Belvedere, Divinópolis, MG 35.501-296, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Ribeiro Flôres
- Laboratory of Physiology, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Av. Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Bairro Belvedere, Divinópolis, MG 35.501-296, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Rosa Cota
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering and Neuroscience (LINNce), Department of Electrical Engineering, Campus Santo Antônio, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Praça Frei Orlando, 170, Centro, São João Del Rei, MG 36307-352, Brazil
| | - Olagide Wagner de Castro
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Campus A. C. Simões, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Neurophysiology and Experimental Neuroethology Laboratory (LNNE), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
O'Leary H, Vanderlinden L, Southard L, Castano A, Saba LM, Benke TA. Transcriptome analysis of rat dorsal hippocampal CA1 after an early life seizure induced by kainic acid. Epilepsy Res 2020; 161:106283. [PMID: 32062370 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seizures that occur during early development are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Causation and mechanisms are currently under investigation. Induction of an early life seizure by kainic acid (KA) in immature rats on post-natal day (P) 7 results in behavioral changes in the adult rat that reflect social and intellectual deficits without overt cellular damage. Our previous work also demonstrated increased expression of CA1 hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and reduced desensitization of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPA-R) one week following a kainic acid induced seizure (KA-ELS). Here we used RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of mRNA from dorsal hippocampal CA1 to probe changes in mRNA levels one week following KA-ELS as a means to investigate the mechanisms for these functional changes. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) confirmed our previous results by predicting an up-regulation of the synaptic LTP pathway. Differential gene expression results revealed significant differences in 7 gene isoforms. Additional assessments included AMPA-R splice variants and adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) editing sites as a means to determine the mechanism for reduced AMPA-R desensitization. Splice variant analysis demonstrated that KA-ELS result in a small, but significant decrease in the "flop" isoform of Gria3, and editing site analysis revealed significant changes in the editing of a kainate receptor subunit, Grik2, and a serotonin receptor, Htr2c. While these specific changes may not account for altered AMPA-R desensitization, the differences indicate that KA-ELS alters gene expression in the hippocampal CA1 one week after the insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather O'Leary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States.
| | - Lauren Vanderlinden
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, 80045, United States.
| | - Lara Southard
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, United States.
| | - Anna Castano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States.
| | - Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, 80045, United States.
| | - Tim A Benke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, 80045, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin K, Stafstrom CE. Cognition, Behavior, and Psychosocial Effects of Seizures in the Developing Brain. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 55:3-15. [PMID: 33454920 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy, a complex neurological disorder of recurrent seizures, is associated with significant impacts on the developing brain. Patients commonly face multiple comorbidities, including debilitating effects on cognition, behavior, and psychiatric outcomes. These conditions can be a source of great distress for patients that may even be greater than the burden of epilepsy itself. Here we investigate the relationship between seizures and the development of these comorbidities, specifically cognition, memory, learning, behavior, and psychiatric disorders. We first delineate the current research methodology in clinical and basic science that is employed to study the impact of epilepsy and seizures. We then explore neurobiological mechanisms underlying the development of seizures and cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Potential avenues of intervention to best support individuals and optimize their neurodevelopmental progress are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Lin
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl E Stafstrom
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vega-García A, Neri-Gómez T, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Guerra-Araiza C, Segura-Uribe J, Feria-Romero I, Orozco-Suarez S. Electroacupuncture Reduces Seizure Activity and Enhances GAD 67 and Glutamate Transporter Expression in Kainic Acid Induced Status Epilepticus in Infant Rats. Behav Sci (Basel) 2019; 9:E68. [PMID: 31252624 PMCID: PMC6680393 DOI: 10.3390/bs9070068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most significant complications in pediatric neurology. Clinical studies have shown positive effects of electroacupuncture (EA) as a therapeutic alternative in the control of partial seizures and secondary generalized clonic seizures. EA promotes the release of neurotransmitters such as GABA and some opioids. The present study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsive and neuromodulatory effects of Shui Gou DM26 (SG_DM26) acupuncture point electrostimulation on the expression of the glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) enzyme and the glutamate transporter EAAC1 in an early SE model. At ten postnatal days (10-PD), male rats weighing 22-26 g were divided into 16 groups, including control and treatment groups: Simple stimulation, electrostimulation, anticonvulsant drug treatment, and combined treatment-electrostimulation and pentobarbital (PB). SE was induced with kainic acid (KA), and the following parameters were measured: Motor behavior, and expression of GAD67 and EAAC1. The results suggest an antiepileptic effect derived from SG DM26 point EA. The possible mechanism is most likely the increased production of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which is observed as an increase in the expression of both GAD67 and EAAC1, as well as the potential synergy between the neuromodulator effects of EA and PB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Vega-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México CP.06720, Mexico
| | - Teresa Neri-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Nanomateriales, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Estado de San Luis Potosí CP.78210, Mexico
| | - Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México CP.06720, Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación en Farmacología, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México CP.06720, Mexico
| | - Julia Segura-Uribe
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México CP.06720, Mexico
| | - Iris Feria-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México CP.06720, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suarez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México CP.06720, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Warren AE, Harvey AS, Vogrin SJ, Bailey C, Davidson A, Jackson GD, Abbott DF, Archer JS. The epileptic network of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Neurology 2019; 93:e215-e226. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify brain regions underlying interictal generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA), and their causal interactions, in children and adults with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS).MethodsConcurrent scalp EEG-fMRI was performed in 2 separately analyzed patient groups with LGS: 10 children (mean age 8.9 years) scanned under isoflurane-remifentanil anesthesia and 15 older patients (mean age 31.7 years) scanned without anesthesia. Whole-brain event-related analysis determined GPFA-related activation in each group. Results were used as priors in a dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis comparing evidence for different neuronal hypotheses describing initiation and propagation of GPFA between cortex, thalamus, and brainstem.ResultsA total of 1,045 GPFA events were analyzed (cumulative duration 1,433 seconds). In both pediatric and older groups, activation occurred in distributed association cortical areas, as well as the thalamus and brainstem (p < 0.05, corrected for family-wise error). Activation was similar across individual patients with structural, genetic, and unknown etiologies of epilepsy, particularly in frontoparietal cortex. In both groups, DCM revealed that GPFA was most likely driven by prefrontal cortex, with propagation occurring first to the brainstem and then from brainstem to thalamus.ConclusionsWe show reproducible evidence of a cortically driven process within the epileptic network of LGS. This network is present early (in children) and late (in older patients) in the course of the syndrome and across diverse etiologies of epilepsy, suggesting that LGS reflects shared “secondary network” involvement. A cortical-to-subcortical hierarchy is postulated whereby GPFA rapidly propagates from prefrontal cortex to the brainstem via extrapyramidal corticoreticular pathways, whereas the thalamus is engaged secondarily.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vega-García A, Santana-Gómez CE, Rocha L, Magdaleno-Madrigal VM, Morales-Otal A, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Feria-Romero I, Orozco-Suárez S. Magnolia officinalis reduces the long-term effects of the status epilepticus induced by kainic acid in immature rats. Brain Res Bull 2019; 149:156-167. [PMID: 30978383 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During critical periods of neurodevelopment, the immature brain is susceptible to neuronal hyperexcitability, alterations such as hyperthermia, hypoxia, brain trauma or a preexisting neuroinflammatory condition can trigger, promote and prolong epileptiform activity and facilitate the development of epilepsy. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the long-term neuroprotective effects Magnolia officinalis extract, on a model of recurrent status epilepticus (SE) in immature rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with kainic acid (KA) (3 mg/kg, dissolved in saline solution) beginning at day 10 P N every 24 h for five days (10 P N-14PN). Two experimental groups (KA) received two treatments for 10 days (14-24 P N): one group was treated with 300 mg/kg Magnolia Officinalis (MO) (KA-MO), and another was treated with 20 mg/kg of celecoxib (Clbx) (KA-Clbx) as a control drug. A SHAM control group at day 90 P N was established. Seizure susceptibility was analyzed through an after-discharge threshold (ADT) evaluation, and electroencephalographic activity was recorded. The results obtained from the ADT evaluation and the analysis of the electroencephalographic activity under basal conditions showed that the MO and Clbx treatments protected against epileptiform activity, and decreases long-term excitability. All rats in the KA-MO and KA-Clbx groups presented a phase I seizure on the Racine scale, corresponding to the shaking of a wet dog. In contrast, the KA group showed phase V convulsive activity on the Racine scale. Similarly, MO and Clbx exerted neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons and reduced gliosis in the same areas. Based on these results, early intervention with MO and Clbx treatments to prevent the inflammatory activity derived from SE in early phases of neurodevelopment exerts neuroprotective effects on epileptogenesis in adult stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Vega-García
- Programa de Doctorado del Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, UAM-I, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Campus Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C E Santana-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - L Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - V M Magdaleno-Madrigal
- División de Investigación en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñis", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Morales-Otal
- Área de Neurociencias. Departamento de Neurohistología y Conducta. Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - V Buzoianu-Anguiano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - I Feria-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - S Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rigas P, Sigalas C, Nikita M, Kaplanian A, Armaos K, Leontiadis LJ, Zlatanos C, Kapogiannatou A, Peta C, Katri A, Skaliora I. Long-Term Effects of Early Life Seizures on Endogenous Local Network Activity of the Mouse Neocortex. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:43. [PMID: 30538627 PMCID: PMC6277496 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the long term impact of early life seizures (ELS) is of vital importance both for researchers and clinicians. Most experimental studies of how seizures affect the developing brain have drawn their conclusions based on changes detected at the cellular or behavioral level, rather than on intermediate levels of analysis, such as the physiology of neuronal networks. Neurons work as part of networks and network dynamics integrate the function of molecules, cells and synapses in the emergent properties of brain circuits that reflect the balance of excitation and inhibition in the brain. Therefore, studying network dynamics could help bridge the cell-to-behavior gap in our understanding of the neurobiological effects of seizures. To this end we investigated the long-term effects of ELS on local network dynamics in mouse neocortex. By using the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced animal model of generalized seizures, single or multiple seizures were induced at two different developmental stages (P9-15 or P19-23) in order to examine how seizure severity and brain maturational status interact to affect the brain's vulnerability to ELS. Cortical physiology was assessed by comparing spontaneous network activity (in the form of recurring Up states) in brain slices of adult (>5 mo) mice. In these experiments we examined two distinct cortical regions, the primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) cortex in order to investigate regional differences in vulnerability to ELS. We find that the effects of ELSs vary depending on (i) the severity of the seizures (e.g., single intermittent ELS at P19-23 had no effect on Up state activity, but multiple seizures induced during the same period caused a significant change in the spectral content of spontaneous Up states), (ii) the cortical area examined, and (iii) the developmental stage at which the seizures are administered. These results reveal that even moderate experiences of ELS can have long lasting age- and region-specific effects in local cortical network dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Rigas
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Nikita
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ani Kaplanian
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Christos Zlatanos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Charoula Peta
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Katri
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irini Skaliora
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morales-Sosa M, Orozco-Suárez S, Vega-García A, Caballero-Chacón S, Feria-Romero IA. Immunomodulatory effect of Celecoxib on HMGB1/TLR4 pathway in a recurrent seizures model in immature rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 170:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Strasser L, Downes M, Kung J, Cross JH, De Haan M. Prevalence and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60:19-29. [PMID: 29119560 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the prevalence and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in epilepsy, and to better understand the relationship and comorbidity between these disorders. METHOD PsychINFO and PubMed were searched for articles published in the past 15 years that examined the prevalence of ASD in individuals with epilepsy. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were found with a pooled ASD prevalence of 6.3% in epilepsy. When divided by type, the risks of ASD for general epilepsy, infantile spasms, focal seizures, and Dravet syndrome were 4.7%, 19.9%, 41.9%, and 47.4% respectively. Studies with populations under 18 years showed a 13.2 times greater risk of ASD than study populations over 18 years, and samples with most (>50%) individuals with intellectual disability showed a greater risk 4.9 times higher than study populations with a minority of individuals with intellectual disability. The main risk factors for ASD reported in the 19 studies included presence of intellectual disability, sex, age, and symptomatic aetiology of epilepsy. INTERPRETATION Current research supports a high prevalence of ASD in epilepsy. This study helps to define the clinical profile of patients with epilepsy who are at risk for ASD, which may help clinicians in early screening and diagnosis of ASD in this population. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Critical evaluation of previous studies examining the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in individuals with epilepsy. A meta-analysis of 19 studies showed a pooled ASD prevalence of 6.3% in individuals with epilepsy. Studies that included a majority of individuals with intellectual disability or younger population age had a higher prevalence of autism. Risk factors reported in studies included presence of intellectual disability, sex, age, and symptomatic epilepsy origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Strasser
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Michelle Downes
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jane Kung
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - J Helen Cross
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Neuroimaging in animal models of epilepsy. Neuroscience 2017; 358:277-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
13
|
Li ZH, Li LL, Jin MF, Chen XQ, Sun Q, Ni H. Dysregulation of zinc/lipid metabolism‑associated genes in the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex in early adulthood following recurrent neonatal seizures. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4701-4709. [PMID: 28791347 PMCID: PMC5647039 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been established that recurrent or prolonged clinical seizures during infancy may cause lifelong brain damage, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not well elucidated. The present study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to investigate the expression of twenty zinc (Zn)/lipid metabolism-associated genes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats following recurrent neonatal seizures. In the current study, 6-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control (CONT) and recurrent neonatal seizure (RS) groups. On postnatal day 35 (P35), mossy fiber sprouting and gene expression were assessed by Timm staining and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Of the twenty genes investigated, seven were significantly downregulated, while four were significantly upregulated in the RS group compared with CONT rats, which was observed in the hippocampus but not in the cerebral cortex. Meanwhile, aberrant mossy fiber sprouting was observed in the supragranular region of the dentate gyrus and Cornu Ammonis 3 subfield of the hippocampus in the RS group. In addition, linear correlation analysis identified significant associations between the expression of certain genes in the hippocampus, which accounted for 40% of the total fifty-five gene pairs among the eleven regulated genes. However, only eight gene pairs in the cerebral cortex exhibited significant positive associations, which accounted for 14.5% of the total. The results of the present study indicated the importance of hippocampal Zn/lipid metabolism-associated genes in recurrent neonatal seizure-induced aberrant mossy fiber sprouting, which may aid the identification of novel potential targets during epileptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hong Li
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Fang Jin
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Qin Chen
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ni
- Neurology Laboratory, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salo RA, Miettinen T, Laitinen T, Gröhn O, Sierra A. Diffusion tensor MRI shows progressive changes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus after status epilepticus in rat - histological validation with Fourier-based analysis. Neuroimage 2017; 152:221-236. [PMID: 28267625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging markers for monitoring disease progression, recovery, and treatment efficacy are a major unmet need for many neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Recent evidence suggests that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides high microstructural contrast even outside major white matter tracts. We hypothesized that in vivo DTI could detect progressive microstructural changes in the dentate gyrus and the hippocampal CA3bc in the rat brain after status epilepticus (SE). To test this hypothesis, we induced SE with systemic kainic acid or pilocarpine in adult male Wistar rats and subsequently scanned them using in vivo DTI at five time-points: prior to SE, and 10, 20, 34, and 79 days post SE. In order to tie the DTI findings to changes in the tissue microstructure, myelin- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-stained sections from the same animals underwent Fourier analysis. We compared the Fourier analysis parameters, anisotropy index and angle of myelinated axons or astrocyte processes, to corresponding DTI parameters, fractional anisotropy (FA) and the orientation angle of the principal eigenvector. We found progressive detectable changes in DTI parameters in both the dentate gyrus (FA, axial diffusivity [D||], linear anisotropy [CL] and spherical anisotropy [CS], p<0.001, linear mixed-effects model [LMEM]) and the CA3bc (FA, D||, CS, and angle, p<0.001, LMEM; CL and planar anisotropy [CP], p<0.01, LMEM) post SE. The Fourier analysis revealed that both myelinated axons and astrocyte processes played a role in the water diffusion anisotropy changes detected by DTI in individual portions of the dentate gyrus (suprapyramidal blade, mid-portion, and infrapyramidal blade). In the whole dentate gyrus, myelinated axons markedly contributed to the water diffusion changes. In CA3bc as well as in CA3b and CA3c, both myelinated axons and astrocyte processes contributed to water diffusion anisotropy and orientation. Our study revealed that DTI is a promising method for noninvasive detection of microstructural alterations in the hippocampus proper. These alterations may be potential imaging markers for epileptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimo A Salo
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuukka Miettinen
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Laitinen
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- Department of Neurobiology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nagy SA, Horváth R, Perlaki G, Orsi G, Barsi P, John F, Horváth A, Kovács N, Bogner P, Ábrahám H, Bóné B, Gyimesi C, Dóczi T, Janszky J. Age at onset and seizure frequency affect white matter diffusion coefficient in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 61:14-20. [PMID: 27232377 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS), structural abnormalities are present not only in the hippocampus but also in the white matter with ipsilateral predominance. Although the timing of epilepsy onset is commonly associated with clinical and semiological dissimilarities, limited data exist regarding white matter diffusion changes with respect to age at epilepsy onset. The aim of this study was to investigate diffusion changes in the white matter of patients with unilateral MTLE-HS with respect to clinical parameters and to compare them with an age- and sex-matched healthy control group. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were derived using monoexponential approaches from 22 (11 early and 11 late age at onset) patients with unilateral MTLE-HS and 22 age- and sex-matched control subjects after acquiring diffusion-weighted images on a 3T MRI system. Data were analyzed using two-tailed t-tests and multiple linear regression models. In the group with early onset MTLE-HS, ADC was significantly elevated in the ipsilateral hemispheric (p=0.04) and temporal lobe white matter (p=0.01) compared with that in controls. These differences were not detectable in late onset MTLE-HS patients. Apparent diffusion coefficient of the group with early onset MTLE-HS was negatively related to age at epilepsy onset in the ipsilateral hemispheric white matter (p=0.03) and the uncinate fasciculus (p=0.03), while in patients with late onset MTLE-HS, ADC was no longer dependent on age at epilepsy onset itself but rather on the seizure frequency in the ipsilateral uncinate fasciculus (p=0.03). Such diffusivity pattern has been associated with chronic white matter degeneration, reflecting myelin loss and higher extracellular volume which are more pronounced in the frontotemporal regions and also depend on clinical features. In the group with early onset MTLE-HS, the timing of epilepsy seems to be the major cause of white matter abnormalities while in late onset disease, it has a secondary role in provoking diffusion changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia A Nagy
- Pécs Diagnostics Center, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary; MTA-PTE, Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság Street 20., Hungary.
| | - Réka Horváth
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| | - Gábor Perlaki
- Pécs Diagnostics Center, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary; MTA-PTE, Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| | - Gergely Orsi
- Pécs Diagnostics Center, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary; MTA-PTE, Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| | - Péter Barsi
- MR Research Centre, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Balassa Street 6., Hungary.
| | - Flóra John
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| | - Andrea Horváth
- Pécs Diagnostics Center, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| | - Norbert Kovács
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary; MTA-PTE, Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| | - Péter Bogner
- Department of Radiology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság Street 13., Hungary.
| | - Hajnalka Ábrahám
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti Street 12., Hungary; Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Honvéd Street 1., Hungary.
| | - Beáta Bóné
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| | - Csilla Gyimesi
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| | - Tamás Dóczi
- Pécs Diagnostics Center, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary; MTA-PTE, Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| | - József Janszky
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary; MTA-PTE, Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623 Pécs, Rét Street 2., Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
SAEEDI BORUJENI MJ, HAMI J, HAGHIR H, RASTIN M, SAZEGAR G. Evaluation of Bax and Bcl-2 Proteins Expression in the Rat Hippocampus due to Childhood Febrile Seizure. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2016; 10:53-60. [PMID: 27057189 PMCID: PMC4815488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Simple Febrile Seizure (SFS) is the most common seizure disorder in childhood, and is frequently described as inoffensive disorder. Nevertheless, there is evidence suggesting the association between neonatal febrile seizures and hippocampal abnormalities in adulthood. This study was conducted at evaluating the hippocampal expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins following SFS induction in rat neonates. MATERIALS & METHODS Febrile seizure was modeled by hyperthermia-induced seizure in 22-dayold male rats by a hot water bath. The animals were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of seizure behaviors: Hyperthermia without seizure (n=10) and hyperthermia with seizure (n=10). To control the effects of environmental stress a sham-control group was also added (n=10). The rats' hippocampi were dissected 2 or 15 days after hyperthermia. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were measured using Western Blotting technique. RESULTS The hippocampal expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly lower in the hyperthermia with seizure animals than that of the sham-control and hyperthermia without seizure groups. The expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein also significantly increased in the hippocampus of hyperthermia with seizure group rats compared to the sham-control and hyperthermia without seizure animals. CONCLUSION The simple febrile seizure markedly disturbed the hippocampal expression of both Bcl2 and Bax proteins, resulting in apoptosis promotion in hippocampi of juvenile rats, which were measurable for at least 15 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad SAEEDI BORUJENI
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad HAMI
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hossein HAGHIR
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,Medical Genetic Research Center (MGRC), Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam RASTIN
- Immunology Research Center , Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghasem SAZEGAR
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang J, Chen J, Tan XL, Ren YG, Du YP, Zhang YP. [Protective effect of succinic acid on cerebellar Purkinje cells of neonatal rats with convulsion]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:85-93. [PMID: 26781419 PMCID: PMC7390095 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of succinic acid (SA) on the cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) of neonatal rats with convulsion. METHODS A total of 120 healthy neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into a neonatal period group and a developmental period group. Each of the two groups were further divided into 6 sub-groups: normal control, convulsion model, low-dose phenobarbital (PB) (30 mg/kg), high-dose PB (120 mg/kg), low-dose SA (30 mg/kg), and high-dose SA (120 mg/kg). Intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole was performed to establish the convulsion model. The normal control group was treated with normal saline instead. The rats in the neonatal group were sacrificed at 30 minutes after the injection of PB, SA, or normal saline, and the cerebellum was obtained. Those in the developmental group were sacrificed 30 days after the injection of PB, SA, or normal saline, and the cerebellum was obtained. Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record the action potential (AP) of PCs in the cerebellar slices of neonatal rats; the parallel fibers (PF) were stimulated at a low frequency to induce excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC). The effect of SA on long-term depression (LTD) of PCs was observed. RESULTS Compared with the normal control groups, the neonatal and developmental rats with convulsion had a significantly higher AP frequency of PCs (P<0.05), and the developmental rats with convulsion had a significantly decreased threshold stimulus (P<0.01) and a significantly greater inhibition of the amplitude of EPSC in PCs (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control groups, the neonatal and developmental rats with convulsion in the high-dose PB groups had a significantly decreased threshold stimulus (P<0.01), a significantly higher AP frequency of PCs (P<0.05), and a significantly greater inhibition of EPSC in PCs (P<0.05). Compared with the neonatal and developmental rats in the convulsion model groups, those in the high-dose SA groups had a significantly decreased AP frequency of PCs (P<0.05). The developmental rats in the low- and high-dose SA groups had a significantly higher AP threshold than those in the convulsion model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The high excitability of PCs and the abnormal PF-PC synaptic plasticity caused by convulsion in neonatal rats may last to the developmental period, which can be aggravated by PB, while SA can reduce the excitability of PCs in neonatal rats with convulsion and repair the short- and long-term abnormalities of LTD of PCs caused by convulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. mailto:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang J, Chen J, Tan XL, Ren YG, Du YP, Zhang YP. [Protective effect of succinic acid on cerebellar Purkinje cells of neonatal rats with convulsion]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:85-93. [PMID: 26781419 PMCID: PMC7390095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of succinic acid (SA) on the cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) of neonatal rats with convulsion. METHODS A total of 120 healthy neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into a neonatal period group and a developmental period group. Each of the two groups were further divided into 6 sub-groups: normal control, convulsion model, low-dose phenobarbital (PB) (30 mg/kg), high-dose PB (120 mg/kg), low-dose SA (30 mg/kg), and high-dose SA (120 mg/kg). Intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole was performed to establish the convulsion model. The normal control group was treated with normal saline instead. The rats in the neonatal group were sacrificed at 30 minutes after the injection of PB, SA, or normal saline, and the cerebellum was obtained. Those in the developmental group were sacrificed 30 days after the injection of PB, SA, or normal saline, and the cerebellum was obtained. Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record the action potential (AP) of PCs in the cerebellar slices of neonatal rats; the parallel fibers (PF) were stimulated at a low frequency to induce excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC). The effect of SA on long-term depression (LTD) of PCs was observed. RESULTS Compared with the normal control groups, the neonatal and developmental rats with convulsion had a significantly higher AP frequency of PCs (P<0.05), and the developmental rats with convulsion had a significantly decreased threshold stimulus (P<0.01) and a significantly greater inhibition of the amplitude of EPSC in PCs (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control groups, the neonatal and developmental rats with convulsion in the high-dose PB groups had a significantly decreased threshold stimulus (P<0.01), a significantly higher AP frequency of PCs (P<0.05), and a significantly greater inhibition of EPSC in PCs (P<0.05). Compared with the neonatal and developmental rats in the convulsion model groups, those in the high-dose SA groups had a significantly decreased AP frequency of PCs (P<0.05). The developmental rats in the low- and high-dose SA groups had a significantly higher AP threshold than those in the convulsion model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The high excitability of PCs and the abnormal PF-PC synaptic plasticity caused by convulsion in neonatal rats may last to the developmental period, which can be aggravated by PB, while SA can reduce the excitability of PCs in neonatal rats with convulsion and repair the short- and long-term abnormalities of LTD of PCs caused by convulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. mailto:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|