The protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) is required for the differentiation of photoreceptors

Crosstalks of the PTPIP51 interactome revealed in Her2 amplified breast cancer cells by the novel small molecule LDC3/Dynarrestin

LDC3/Dynarrestin, an aminothiazole derivative, is a recently developed small molecule, which binds protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51). PTPIP51 interacts with various proteins regulating different signaling pathways leading to proliferation and migration. Her2 positive breast cancer cells (SKBR3) express high levels of PTPIP51. Therefore, we investigated the effects of LDC3/Dynarrestin on PTPIP51 and its interactome with 12 different proteins of various signal pathways including the interaction with dynein in SKBR3 cells. The localization and semi-quantification of PTPIP51 protein and the Tyr176 phosphorylated PTPIP51 protein were evaluated. Protein-protein-interactions were assessed by Duolink proximity ligation assays. Interactions and the activation of signal transduction hubs were examined with immunoblots. LDC3/Dynarrestin led to an increased PTPIP51 tyrosine 176 phosphorylation status while the overall amount of PTPIP51 remained unaffected. These findings are paralleled by an enhanced interaction of PTPIP51 with its crucial kinase c-Src and a reduced interaction with the counteracting phosphatase PTP1B. Furthermore, the treatment results in a significantly augmented interaction of PTPIP51/14-3-3β and PTPIP51/Raf1, the link to the MAPK pathway. Under the influence of LDC3/Dynarrestin, the activity of the MAPK pathway rose in a concentration-dependent manner as indicated by RTK assays and immunoblots. The novel small molecule stabilizes the RelA/IκB/PTPIP51 interactome and can abolish the effects caused by TNFα stimulation. Moreover, LDC3/Dynarrestin completely blocked the Akt signaling, which is essential for tumor growth. The data were compared to the recently described interactome of PTPIP51 in LDC3/Dynarrestin treated non-cancerous keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). Differences were identified exclusively for the mitochondrial-associated ER-membranes (MAM) interactions and phospho-regulation related interactome of PTPIP51.LDC3/Dynarrestin gives the opportunity/possibility to influence the MAPK signaling, NFkB signaling and probably calcium homeostasis in breast cancer cells by affecting the PTPIP51 interactome.

Orchestrating cellular signaling pathways-the cellular "conductor" protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51)

The protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) is thought to regulate crucial cellular functions such as mitosis, apoptosis, migration, differentiation and communication between organelles as a scaffold protein. These diverse functions are modulated by the tyrosine/serine phosphorylation status of PTPIP51. This review interconnects the insights obtained about the action of PTPIP51 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, nuclear factor kB signaling, calcium homeostasis and chromosomal segregation and identifies important signaling hubs. The interference of PTPIP51 in such multiprotein complexes and their PTPIP51-modulated cross-talk makes PTPIP51 an ideal target for novel drugs such as the small molecule LDC-3. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.