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Sazhin D, Wyngaarden JB, Dennison JB, Zaff O, Fareri D, McCloskey MS, Alloy LB, Jarcho JM, Smith DV. Trait reward sensitivity modulates connectivity with the temporoparietal junction and Anterior Insula during strategic decision making. Biol Psychol 2024; 192:108857. [PMID: 39209102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Many decisions happen in social contexts such as negotiations, yet little is understood about how people balance fairness versus selfishness. Past investigations found that activation in brain areas involved in executive function and reward processing was associated with people offering less with no threat of rejection from their partner, compared to offering more when there was a threat of rejection. However, it remains unclear how trait reward sensitivity may modulate activation and connectivity patterns in these situations. To address this gap, we used task-based fMRI to examine the relation between reward sensitivity and the neural correlates of bargaining choices. Participants (N = 54) completed the Sensitivity to Punishment (SP)/Sensitivity to Reward (SR) Questionnaire and the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System scales. Participants performed the Ultimatum and Dictator Games as proposers and exhibited strategic decisions by being fair when there was a threat of rejection, but being selfish when there was not a threat of rejection. We found that strategic decisions evoked activation in the Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) and the Anterior Insula (AI). Next, we found elevated IFG connectivity with the Temporoparietal junction (TPJ) during strategic decisions. Finally, we explored whether trait reward sensitivity modulated brain responses while making strategic decisions. We found that people who scored lower in reward sensitivity made less strategic choices when they exhibited higher AI-Angular Gyrus connectivity. Taken together, our results demonstrate how trait reward sensitivity modulates neural responses to strategic decisions, potentially underscoring the importance of this factor within social and decision neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sazhin
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James B Wyngaarden
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff B Dennison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ori Zaff
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominic Fareri
- Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Michael S McCloskey
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren B Alloy
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Johanna M Jarcho
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David V Smith
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Li Q, Lai X, Li T, Madsen KH, Xiao J, Hu K, Feng C, Fu D, Liu X. Brain responses to self- and other- unfairness under resource distribution context: Meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120707. [PMID: 38942102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Under resource distribution context, individuals have a strong aversion to unfair treatment not only toward themselves but also toward others. However, there is no clear consensus regarding the commonality and distinction between these two types of unfairness. Moreover, many neuroimaging studies have investigated how people evaluate and respond to unfairness in the abovementioned two contexts, but the consistency of the results remains to be investigated. To resolve these two issues, we sought to summarize existing findings regarding unfairness to self and others and to further elucidate the neural underpinnings related to distinguishing evaluation and response processes through meta-analyses of previous neuroimaging studies. Our results indicated that both types of unfairness consistently activate the affective and conflict-related anterior insula (AI) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area (dACC/SMA), but the activations related to unfairness to self appeared stronger than those related to others, suggesting that individuals had negative reactions to both unfairness and a greater aversive response toward unfairness to self. During the evaluation process, unfairness to self activated the bilateral AI, dACC, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), regions associated with unfairness aversion, conflict, and cognitive control, indicating reactive, emotional and automatic responses. In contrast, unfairness to others activated areas associated with theory of mind, the inferior parietal lobule and temporoparietal junction (IPL-TPJ), suggesting that making rational judgments from the perspective of others was needed. During the response, unfairness to self activated the affective-related left AI and striatum, whereas unfairness to others activated cognitive control areas, the left DLPFC and the thalamus. This indicated that the former maintained the traits of automaticity and emotionality, whereas the latter necessitated cognitive control. These findings provide a fine-grained description of the common and distinct neurocognitive mechanisms underlying unfairness to self and unfairness to others. Overall, this study not only validates the inequity aversion model but also provides direct evidence of neural mechanisms for neurobiological models of fairness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyu Lai
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kesong Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Chunliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Di Fu
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, England.
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Ghaziri J, Fei P, Tucholka A, Obaid S, Boucher O, Rouleau I, Nguyen DK. Resting-State Functional Connectivity Profile of Insular Subregions. Brain Sci 2024; 14:742. [PMID: 39199437 PMCID: PMC11352390 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The insula is often considered the fifth lobe of the brain and is increasingly recognized as one of the most connected regions in the brain, with widespread connections to cortical and subcortical structures. As a follow-up to our previous tractography work, we investigated the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) profiles of insular subregions and assessed their concordance with structural connectivity. We used the CONN toolbox to analyze the rsFC of the same 19 insular regions of interest (ROIs) we used in our prior tractography work and regrouped them into six subregions based on their connectivity pattern similarity. Our analysis of 50 healthy participants confirms the known broad connectivity of the insula and shows novel and specific whole-brain and intra-connectivity patterns of insular subregions. By examining such subregions, our findings provide a more detailed pattern of connectivity than prior studies that may prove useful for comparison between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ghaziri
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Phillip Fei
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Chicoutimi, QC J4L 1C9, Canada
| | - Alan Tucholka
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- Pixyl Medical, 38700 Grenoble, France
| | - Sami Obaid
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Dang K. Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0C1, Canada
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4
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Wang G, Tang J, Yin Z, Yu S, Shi X, Hao X, Zhao Z, Pan Y, Li S. The neurocomputational signature of decision-making for unfair offers in females under acute psychological stress. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100622. [PMID: 38533483 PMCID: PMC10963855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress is a crucial factor affecting social decision-making. However, its impacts on the behavioral and neural processes of females' unfairness decision-making remain unclear. Combining computational modeling and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), this study attempted to illuminate the neurocomputational signature of unfairness decision-making in females. We also considered the effect of trait stress coping styles. Forty-four healthy young females (20.98 ± 2.89 years) were randomly assigned to the stress group (n = 21) and the control group (n = 23). Acute psychosocial stress was induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and participants then completed the one-shot ultimatum game (UG) as responders. The results showed that acute psychosocial stress reduced the adaptability to fairness and lead to more random decision-making responses. Moreover, in the stress group, a high level of negative coping style predicted more deterministic decision. fNIRS results showed that stress led to an increase of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) peak in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), while decreased the activation of left middle temporal gyrus (lMTG) when presented the moderately unfair (MU) offers. This signified more involvement of the mentalization and the inhibition of moral processing. Moreover, individuals with higher negative coping scores showed more deterministic decision behaviors under stress. Taken together, our study emphasizes the role of acute psychosocial stress in affecting females' unfairness decision-making mechanisms in social interactions, and provides evidences for the "tend and befriend" pattern based on a cognitive neuroscience perspec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangya Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouqian Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Xindi Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiurong Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhudele Zhao
- College of Science, Northeastern University, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yafeng Pan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- The State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, 200335, Shanghai, China
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5
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Ogawa A, Asano S, Osada T, Tanaka M, Tochigi R, Kamagata K, Aoki S, Konishi S. Role of right temporoparietal junction for counterfactual evaluation of partner's decision in ultimatum game. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2947-2957. [PMID: 35718541 PMCID: PMC10016052 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans assess the distributions of resources based on their aversion to unfairness. If a partner distributes in an unfair manner even though the partner had a less unfair distribution option, a recipient will believe that the partner should have chosen the counterfactual option. In this study, we investigated the neural basis for fairness evaluation of actual and counterfactual options in the ultimatum game. In this task, a partner chose one distribution option out of two options, and a participant accepted or rejected the option. The behavioral results showed that the acceptance rate was influenced by counterfactual evaluation (CE), among others, as defined by the difference of monetary amount between the actual and counterfactual options. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed that CE was associated with the right ventral angular gyrus (vAG) that provided one of convergent inputs to the supramarginal gyrus related to decision utility, which reflects gross preferences for the distribution options. Furthermore, inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation administered to the right vAG reduced the behavioral component associated with CE. These results suggest that our acceptance/rejection of distribution options relies on multiple processes (monetary amount, disadvantageous inequity, and CE) and that the right vAG causally contributes to CE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saki Asano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Reia Tochigi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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6
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Pan Y, Jin J, Wan Y, Wu Y, Wang F, Xu S, Zhu L, Xu J, Rao H. Beauty affects fairness: facial attractiveness alters neural responses to unfairness in the ultimatum game. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2497-2505. [PMID: 35821158 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human faces consist of rich information for social interactions and facial attractiveness is a key dimension affecting social decisions. Previous studies have indicated that human players are less likely to refuse an unfair offer from proposers with high facial attractiveness in the Ultimatum Game (UG). However, the neural mechanisms underlying such beauty premium effect remain unclear. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and examined the effects of facial attractiveness on brain responses to fair and unfair offers in the UG. Behavioral data showed that subjects were overall prone to refuse unfair offers across conditions but were more likely to accept unfair offers from higher facial attractive proposers than those from lower facial attractive proposers. Imaging data showed that unfair offers induced greater activity in the anterior insula and medial prefrontal cortex (MePFC) compared to those in fair offers condition for both high and low facial attractive proposers. Moreover, the acceptance rate of unfair offers positively correlated with the MePFC activity for high facial attractive proposers and negatively correlated with the anterior insula activity for low facial attractive proposers. These findings suggest that facial attractiveness modulates brain responses to unfairness through altering the roles of emotion and cognitive motivation in social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Jin
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wan
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wu
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihua Xu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Zhu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China. .,Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Li Q, Dai W, Zheng Y, Wang C, Yang Z, Liu X, Ren Q, Hu K. Social comparisons differentially affect fair and unfair processing in ultimatum bargaining. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108318. [PMID: 35830915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several theoretical frameworks have attempted to illustrate the influence of social contexts on decision-making and well-being. Traditional economic models assume that absolute income is the crucial determinant of one's well-being, while the comparative models state that social comparisons influence well-being and decisions. Here we investigated the impact of social comparisons on decision-making using a modified three-player Ultimatum Game and ERP technique. We found two independent effects: First, social comparisons did not affect decision-making when a fair norm was enforced. Second, social comparisons affected fairness consideration for unfair offers only-responders were less likely to accept unfair offers in upward comparisons but more likely to accept unfair offers in downward comparisons. These results revealed that people were envy-free of fair offers while affected mainly by social comparisons when the equality norm was broken. Event-related brain potentials showed that in the early time window (260-320 ms), compared to fair offers, unfair offers elicited a larger negative-going medial frontal negativity (MFN) in upward than parallel and downward comparisons, and in the late stage (320-650 ms), compared to fair offers, unfair offers led to equally less positive-going P300 in upward and downward comparisons relative to parallel comparison. Although partly consistent with the relative standing assumption, both traditional economic models and comparative models require revision to account for the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Weine Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CFIN and PET Center, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus, N C, Denmark; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiping Ren
- Institute of Mental Health, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kesong Hu
- Institute of Mental Health, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychology, Lake Superior State University, Sault St. Marie, MI, USA.
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8
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Cheng X, Zheng L, Liu Z, Ling X, Wang X, Ouyang H, Chen X, Huang D, Guo X. Punishment cost affects third-parties' behavioral and neural responses to unfairness. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Yu F, Zhao Y, Yao J, Farina Briamonte M, Profita S, Liu Y. Understanding East-West Cultural Differences on Perceived Compensation Fairness Among Executives: From a Neuroscience Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 12:815641. [PMID: 35185709 PMCID: PMC8847769 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.815641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscience research has found that individuals from different cultures have different neural responses and emotional perceptions. Differences in executives’ perception of external pay gaps in different cultures can affect their work attitudes and behavior. In this study, we explore the direct relationship between executive compensation fairness and executive innovation motivation. We also investigate the moderating effects of Confucian culture and western culture between executive compensation fairness and executive innovation motivation. Data were collected from the Chinese listed firms from 2011 to 2019 and test the relationship using the fixed-effect panel regression models. The results demonstrate that executive compensation fairness positively influences the executive innovation motivation. This effect is more pronounced in Confucian culture regions, while Western culture weakens this effect. The findings of this study confirmed that executive compensation fairness, provide a cross-cultural comparison for compensation research, validate the findings of cultural neuroscience, and provide useful insights into the research of common prosperity. To improve the corporate compensation structure, it is necessary to consider the relative pay equity with firms in the same region and the influence of corporate culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Business School, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Zhonghua Vocational College, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Business School, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
| | | | - Sofia Profita
- Financial Sponsors Group of Santander Bank, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Business College, Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
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10
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Chawla M, Earp BD, Crockett MJ. A neuroeconomic framework for investigating gender disparities in moralistic punishment. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Flinkenflogel N, Vu TV, van Kesteren MTR, Krabbendam L. Neural Correlates of Self-Construal Priming in the Ultimatum Game. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:994. [PMID: 31616239 PMCID: PMC6769036 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research from cultural and social psychology has identified a central role of self-construal, or the way one views themselves in relation to others, in social cognition. Accordingly, it is plausible that self-construal plays an instrumental role in important aspects of decision-making relating to fairness considerations. Prior research has shown that priming methodology is a useful tool to experimentally isolate the effect of self-construal on social decision-making processes. In the current study we investigated the neural effects of self-construal priming on fairness considerations, using an Ultimatum Game setup (N = 97). Based on previous findings, we predicted an interaction between the self-construal prime and gender on Ultimatum Game behavior; males primed with interdependence would reject the offer relatively more compared to independence, and vice versa for females. As previous neuro-imaging research has established an instrumental role of the anterior insula (AI) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in the rejection of unfair offers, we expected higher rejection rates to be mirrored by increased activity in these regions. However, the analyses did not confirm these predictions. As further inspection of the data revealed a habituation effect, we performed a follow-up analysis on the first block (N = 59). This subsequent analysis revealed that priming interdependence resulted in reduced AI activity compared to priming independence, although no behavioral differences were observed. The difference was theorized to result from motivations as conflict avoidance and harmony maintenance, commonly associated with interdependence. Furthermore, the analysis revealed greater vmPFC activity for females compared to males for rejected offers, although this effect was not robust when controlled for trait self-construal. These follow-up analyses suggest that self-construal priming influences insula activity, as well as implicating an underlying role of trait self-construal in observed gender differences in vmPFC activity relating to fairness considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nic Flinkenflogel
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tuong-Van Vu
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlieke T. R. van Kesteren
- Department of Education Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Ying X, Luo J, Chiu CY, Wu Y, Xu Y, Fan J. Functional Dissociation of the Posterior and Anterior Insula in Moral Disgust. Front Psychol 2018; 9:860. [PMID: 29910758 PMCID: PMC5992674 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insula is thought to be involved in disgust. However, the roles of the posterior insula (PI) and anterior insula (AI) in moral disgust have not been clearly dissociated in previous studies. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, the participants evaluated the degree of disgust using sentences related to mild moral violations with different types of behavioral agents (mother and stranger). The activation of the PI in response to the stranger agent was significantly higher than that in response to the mother agent. In contrast, the activation of the AI in response to the mother agent was significantly higher than that in response to the stranger agent. These data suggest a clear functional dissociation between the PI and AI in which the PI is more involved in the primary level of moral disgust than is the AI, and the AI is more involved in the secondary level of moral disgust than is the PI. Our results provide key evidence for understanding the principle of embodied cognition and particularly demonstrate that high-level moral disgust is built on more basic disgust via a mental construction approach through a process of embodied schemata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ying
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Yue Chiu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yanhong Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Wei C, Zheng L, Che L, Cheng X, Li L, Guo X. Social Support Modulates Neural Responses to Unfairness in the Ultimatum Game. Front Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29515497 PMCID: PMC5826285 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current functional MRI study aimed to investigate how responders' fairness considerations and related decision-making processes were affected by social support in the ultimatum game (UG). During scanning, responders either played the standard UG with proposers (control condition) or played the modified UG in which three unknown observers showed social support for responders by acknowledging proposers' norm violation. Results revealed that participants reported higher unfairness feelings and rejection rates of unfair offers in the social support condition relative to the control condition. At the neural level, compared to the control condition, perception of social support from others induced greater activations of anterior cingulate gyrus and right anterior insula when receiving unfair (vs. fair) offers. The medial prefrontal cortex and right anterior insula were more active when the unfair offers were rejected (vs. accepted) in the social support condition than the control condition. These results highlighted the modulation effect of social support on responders' fairness considerations and related decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wei
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Che
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Bogdan P. Viewing Another Act as You Would Creates Altruistic Desires Towards that Other. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:594. [PMID: 29276482 PMCID: PMC5727087 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been growing evidence for the existence of distributed, frequently updating social "indices", which are related to the reputation of others and predict altruism towards them. However, the means by which the brain modifies an index based on experiences is still unknown. This work utilizes recent insights on the role of the anterior cingulate cortex during perspective taking, dorsolateral prefrontal representations of context, the temporoparietal junctions relationship with understanding another's background, and dorsomedial prefrontal activation patterns tracking reputation. It aims to show that cognitive empathy causes comparisons between a target's action and the action one would wish to do in the target's position. It also suggests that viewing a target perform the same action that one would in the target's position creates altruistic desires towards the target. By considering these comparisons as central to understanding prosocial and antisocial motivations, a variety of behavioral studies are better explained. This piece seeks to open questions and discussions on the interplay of those brain regions, suggest future approaches to relationship therapy, and establish fundamentals for multi-agent models aimed at normative sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bogdan
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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15
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Zinchenko O, Arsalidou M. Brain responses to social norms: Meta-analyses of fMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:955-970. [PMID: 29160930 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Social norms have a critical role in everyday decision-making, as frequent interaction with others regulates our behavior. Neuroimaging studies show that social-based and fairness-related decision-making activates an inconsistent set of areas, which sometimes includes the anterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and others lateral prefrontal cortices. Social-based decision-making is complex and variability in findings may be driven by socio-cognitive activities related to social norms. To distinguish among social-cognitive activities related to social norms, we identified 36 eligible articles in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) literature, which we separate into two categories (a) social norm representation and (b) norm violations. The majority of original articles (>60%) used tasks associated with fairness norms and decision-making, such as ultimatum game, dictator game, or prisoner's dilemma; the rest used tasks associated to violation of moral norms, such as scenarios and sentences of moral depravity ratings. Using quantitative meta-analyses, we report common and distinct brain areas that show concordance as a function of category. Specifically, concordance in ventromedial prefrontal regions is distinct to social norm representation processing, whereas concordance in right insula, dorsolateral prefrontal, and dorsal cingulate cortices is distinct to norm violation processing. We propose a neurocognitive model of social norms for healthy adults, which could help guide future research in social norm compliance and mechanisms of its enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Zinchenko
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marie Arsalidou
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Gender Differences in Behavioral and Neural Responses to Unfairness Under Social Pressure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13498. [PMID: 29044205 PMCID: PMC5647364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed the key role of social pressure on individuals' decision-making processes. However, the impact of social pressure on unfairness-related decision-making processes remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated how social pressure modulated men's and women's responses in an ultimatum game. Twenty women and eighteen men played the ultimatum game as responders in the scanner, where fair and unfair offers were tendered by proposers acting alone (low pressure) or by proposers endorsed by three supporters (high pressure). Results showed that men rejected more, whereas women accepted more unfair offers in the high versus low pressure context. Neurally, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex activation in women positively predicted their acceptance rate difference between contexts. In men, stronger right anterior insula activation and increased connectivity between right anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were observed when they receiving unfair offers in the high than low pressure context. Furthermore, more bilateral anterior insula and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activations were found when men rejected (relative to accepted) unfair offers in the high than low pressure context. These findings highlighted gender differences in the modulation of behavioral and neural responses to unfairness by social pressure.
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