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Hansen ML, Ambjørn M, Harndahl MN, Benned-Jensen T, Fog K, Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Sotty F. Characterization of pSer129-αSyn Pathology and Neurofilament Light-Chain Release across In Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Vitro Models of Pre-Formed-Fibril-Induced αSyn Aggregation. Cells 2024; 13:253. [PMID: 38334646 PMCID: PMC10854598 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a predominant feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, including synucleinopathies, which are characterized by cellular inclusions containing α-Synuclein (αSyn) phosphorylated at serine 129 (pSer129). In the present study, we characterized the development of αSyn pre-formed fibril (PFF)-induced pSer129-αSyn pathology in F28tg mice overexpressing human wild-type αSyn, as well as in ex vivo organotypic cultures and in vitro primary cultures from the same mouse model. Concurrently, we collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from mice and conditioned media from ex vivo and in vitro cultures and quantified the levels of neurofilament light chain (NFL), a biomarker of neurodegeneration. We found that the intra-striatal injection of PFFs induces the progressive spread of pSer129-αSyn pathology and microglial activation in vivo, as well as modest increases in NFL levels in the CSF. Similarly, PFF-induced αSyn pathology occurs progressively in ex vivo organotypic slice cultures and is accompanied by significant increases in NFL release into the media. Using in vitro primary hippocampal cultures, we further confirmed that pSer129-αSyn pathology and NFL release occur in a manner that correlates with the fibril dose and the level of the αSyn protein. Overall, we demonstrate that αSyn pathology is associated with NFL release across preclinical models of seeded αSyn aggregation and that the pharmacological inhibition of αSyn aggregation in vitro also significantly reduces NFL release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja L. Hansen
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.H.); (M.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Malene Ambjørn
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.H.); (M.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Mikkel N. Harndahl
- Biotherapeutic Discovery, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.N.H.); (K.B.-A.)
| | - Tau Benned-Jensen
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.H.); (M.A.); (K.F.)
| | - Karina Fog
- Neuroscience, Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.L.H.); (M.A.); (K.F.)
| | | | - Florence Sotty
- Neuroscience, Histology and Pathology Models, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Clement A, Pedersen MM, Stensballe A, Wiborg O, Asuni AA. Chronic stress induces NPD-like behavior in APPPS1 and WT mice with subtle differences in gene expression. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12766. [PMID: 34382343 PMCID: PMC9285501 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disturbances (NPDs) are considered hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, treatment of these symptoms has proven difficult and development of safe and effective treatment options is hampered by the limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Thus, robust preclinical models are needed to increase knowledge of NPDs in AD and develop testable hypotheses and novel treatment options. Abnormal activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is implicated in many psychiatric symptoms and might contribute to both AD and NPDs development and progression. We aimed to establish a mechanistic preclinical model of NPD-like behavior in the APPPS1 mouse model of AD and wildtype (WT) littermates. In APPPS1 and WT mice, we found that chronic stress increased anxiety-like behavior and altered diurnal locomotor activity suggestive of sleep disturbances. Also, chronic stress activated the HPA axis, which, in WT mice, remained heightened for additional 3 weeks. Chronic stress caused irregular expression of circadian regulatory clock genes (BMAL1, PER2, CRY1 and CRY2) in both APPPS1 and WT mice. Interestingly, APPPS1 and WT mice responded differently to chronic stress in terms of expression of serotonergic markers (5-HT1A receptor and MAOA) and inflammatory genes (IL-6, STAT3 and ADMA17). These findings indicate that, although the behavioral response to chronic stress might be similar, the neurobiochemical response was different in APPPS1 mice, which is an important insight in the efforts to develop safe and effective treatments options for NPDs in AD patients. Further work is needed to substantiate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Clement
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Pathology and Fluid Biomarkers, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads M Pedersen
- Department of Biostatistics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ayodeji A Asuni
- Department of Pathology and Fluid Biomarkers, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Xiong YL, Meng T, Luo J, Zhang H. The Potential of Neurofilament Light as a Biomarker in Alzheimer's Disease. Eur Neurol 2021; 84:6-15. [PMID: 33477142 DOI: 10.1159/000513008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. In 2011, the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) Research Framework has proposed to use biomarkers to diagnose AD in living persons. AD core biomarkers show high diagnostic specificity in distinguishing AD from healthy control subjects, but have little additional value for prognosis or stage of disease. SUMMARY With the update of detection methods and techniques, other AD biomarkers have been discovered. Neurofilament light (NFL) is currently recognized as a biomarker of nerve axonal injury and one of the candidate markers in AD neurodegeneration, and the relationship between NFL and AD pathophysiology has attracted widespread attention. More and more studies have shown that NFL plays an important role in predicting the clinical progress and prognosis of AD. Recently, the genome-wide association study also found that multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with NFL levels and AD risk. Key Messages: In this review, we discuss the relationship between the genetic characteristics of NFL and AD, the NFL levels in AD, and the relationship between NFL and AD core biomarkers, neuroimaging, and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lan Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,
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4
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Scearce-Levie K, Sanchez PE, Lewcock JW. Leveraging preclinical models for the development of Alzheimer disease therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:447-462. [PMID: 32612262 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A large number of mouse models have been engineered, characterized and used to advance biomedical research in Alzheimer disease (AD). Early models simply damaged the rodent brain through toxins or lesions. Later, the spread of genetic engineering technology enabled investigators to develop models of familial AD by overexpressing human genes such as those encoding amyloid precursor protein (APP) or presenilins (PSEN1 or PSEN2) carrying mutations linked to early-onset AD. Recently, more complex models have sought to explore the impact of multiple genetic risk factors in the context of different biological challenges. Although none of these models has proven to be a fully faithful reproduction of the human disease, models remain essential as tools to improve our understanding of AD biology, conduct thorough pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses, discover translatable biomarkers and evaluate specific therapeutic approaches. To realize the full potential of animal models as new technologies and knowledge become available, it is critical to define an optimal strategy for their use. Here, we review progress and challenges in the use of AD mouse models, highlight emerging scientific innovations in model development, and introduce a conceptual framework for use of preclinical models for therapeutic development.
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Alirezaei Z, Pourhanifeh MH, Borran S, Nejati M, Mirzaei H, Hamblin MR. Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker, and Correlation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of CNS-Related Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:469-491. [PMID: 31385229 PMCID: PMC6980520 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for neurodegenerative conditions is of high importance, since these disorders may present difficulties in differential diagnosis. Biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are required. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a unique biomarker related to axonal damage and neural cell death, which is elevated in a number of neurological disorders, and can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as blood, serum, or plasma samples. Although the NfL concentration in CSF is higher than that in blood, blood measurement may be easier in practice due to its lesser invasiveness, reproducibility, and convenience. Many studies have investigated NfL in both CSF and serum/plasma as a potential biomarker of neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroimaging biomarkers can also potentially improve detection of CNS-related disorders at an early stage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are sensitive techniques to visualize neuroaxonal loss. Therefore, investigating the combination of NfL levels with indices extracted from MRI and DTI scans could potentially improve diagnosis of CNS-related disorders. This review summarizes the evidence for NfL being a reliable biomarker in the early detection and disease management in several CNS-related disorders. Moreover, we highlight the correlation between MRI and NfL and ask whether they can be combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alirezaei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sarina Borran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Zetterberg H, Bozzetta E, Favole A, Corona C, Cavarretta MC, Ingravalle F, Blennow K, Pocchiari M, Meloni D. Neurofilaments in blood is a new promising preclinical biomarker for the screening of natural scrapie in sheep. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226697. [PMID: 31856243 PMCID: PMC6922435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats belonging to the group of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy or prion diseases. The EU has adopted mandatory measures for scrapie surveillance to safeguard public and animal health because it is highly contagious and might decimate all genetic susceptible animals in affected flocks. Definite diagnosis of scrapie relies on the detection of the pathological prion protein in brain tissues and there are still no blood biomarkers available for making diagnosis in living animals that can be used for the screening of sheep in scrapie-affected flocks. Neurofilament light (NfL) protein, a valid biomarker for neuronal and axonal damages, can now be easily measured in blood by the ultra-sensitive single molecule array (Simoa) technology. Recent work reported that serum NfL is increased in neurodegenerative diseases, including human prion diseases, but no data are available for scrapie or other animal prion diseases. Here, we found that the median serum NfL concentration in scrapie animals (56.2, IQR 42.2–84.8, n = 9) was more than 15 times higher (p = 0.00084) than that found in control samples (3.4, IQR 3.0–26.3, n = 11). Moreover, serum NfL concentration in scrapie sheep with clinical signs (n = 2; 75.3, 15.7 pg/ml) did not significantly (p = 0.541; t-test) differ from scrapie animals without clinical signs (n = 7; 61.0, 10.7 pg/ml). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis estimated the cut-off value of 31 pg/ml serum NfL for distinguishing scrapie-infected sheep from controls. The application of this cut-off value gives an accuracy of the test of 95% (percent error of 5.23%). These data indicate that the Simoa test for serum NfL might be a useful screening method for detecting preclinical scrapie in living sheep. Finally, the preliminary data reported here need confirmation in large and more structured studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Favole
- Istituto zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Daniela Meloni
- Istituto zooprofilattico del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Ru Y, Corado C, Soon RK, Melton AC, Harris A, Yu GK, Pryer N, Sinclair JR, Katz ML, Ajayi T, Jacoby D, Russell CB, Chandriani S. Neurofilament light is a treatment-responsive biomarker in CLN2 disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2437-2447. [PMID: 31814335 PMCID: PMC6917340 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2 disease) is a rare, progressive, fatal neurodegenerative pediatric disorder resulting from deficiencies of the lysosomal enzyme tripeptidyl peptidase 1 that are caused by mutations in TPP1. Identifying biomarkers of CLN2 disease progression will be important in assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for this disorder. Neurofilament light is an intrinsic component of healthy neurons; elevated circulating extracellular neurofilament light is a biomarker of neuropathology in several adult-onset neurological diseases. Our objective was to assess whether circulating neurofilament light is a biomarker that is responsive to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in CLN2 disease. METHODS Using an ultrasensitive immunoassay, we assessed plasma neurofilament light changes during disease progression in a canine model of CLN2 disease and in ERT clinical trial CLN2 disease patients. RESULTS In tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1)-null dogs (N = 11), but not in control dogs [N = 6 (TPP1+/- ) and N = 27 (WT)], neurofilament light levels increased more than tenfold above initial low baseline levels during disease progression. Before treatment in 21 human subjects with CLN2 disease (age range: 1.72-6.85 years), neurofilament light levels were 48-fold higher (P < 0.001) than in 7 pediatric controls (age range: 8-11 years). Pretreatment neurofilament light did not significantly correlate with disease severity or age. In CLN2 disease subjects receiving ERT, neurofilament light levels decreased by 50% each year over more than 3 years of treatment. INTERPRETATION Our data indicate that circulating neurofilament light is a treatment-responsive biomarker in CLN2 disease and could contribute to understanding of the pathophysiology of this devastating pediatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Ru
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - Carley Corado
- Pharmacological Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - Russell K Soon
- Translational Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - Andrew C Melton
- Translational Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - Adam Harris
- Translational Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - Guoying K Yu
- Research, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - Nancy Pryer
- Translational Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - John R Sinclair
- Pharmacological Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - Martin L Katz
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65212
| | - Temitayo Ajayi
- Clinical Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - David Jacoby
- Clinical Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
| | - Chris B Russell
- Translational Sciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, California, 94949
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Paquet C, Bouaziz-Amar E, Cognat E, Volpe-Gillot L, Haddad V, Mahieux F, Dekimeche S, Defontaines B, Chabriat H, Belin C, Texeira A, Goutagny S, Questel F, Azuar J, Sellier PO, Laplanche JL, Hugon J, Dumurgier J. Distribution of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Profiles in Patients Explored for Cognitive Disorders. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:889-897. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Paquet
- Cognitive Neurology Center, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U942, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bouaziz-Amar
- Department of Biochemistry, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Cognat
- Cognitive Neurology Center, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U942, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Victor Haddad
- Department of Geriatrics, Saint Camille Hospital, Bry-sur-Marnes, France
| | - Florence Mahieux
- Department of Geriatrics, Sainte-Perrine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Siham Dekimeche
- Departmentof Geriatrics, Les Gonesses Hospital, Gonesses, France
| | | | - Hugues Chabriat
- Department of Neurology, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Antonio Texeira
- Department of Geriatrics, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Frank Questel
- Department of Psychiatry, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julien Azuar
- Department of Psychiatry, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Sellier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- Department of Biochemistry, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Hugon
- Cognitive Neurology Center, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U942, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Cognitive Neurology Center, Lariboisière – Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Inserm U942, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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9
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Soylu-Kucharz R, Sandelius Å, Sjögren M, Blennow K, Wild EJ, Zetterberg H, Björkqvist M. Neurofilament light protein in CSF and blood is associated with neurodegeneration and disease severity in Huntington's disease R6/2 mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14114. [PMID: 29074982 PMCID: PMC5658344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need to reliably and non-invasively monitor disease progression in preclinical Huntington’s disease (HD) models. As a marker of axonal damage, neurofilament light chain (NfL) has been suggested a marker for neurodegeneration. NfL concentrations in blood and CSF were recently shown to have prognostic value for clinical HD progression and brain atrophy. We therefore hypothesized that CSF and blood NfL concentrations could be useful preclinical HD markers, reflecting underlying pathology. To test our hypothesis we utilized the R6/2 mouse model of HD and measured NfL concentrations in CSF and serum using the ultrasensitive Single molecule array (Simoa) platform. In addition, we assessed HD mouse disease characteristics. We found robust increases of NfL in CSF and serum in R6/2 mice compared to wild-type littermates. CSF and serum concentrations of NfL were significantly correlated, suggesting similar marker potential of serum NfL. CSF and serum concentrations of NfL correlated with disease severity, as assessed by striatal volume and body weight loss. We here provide evidence that CSF and blood NfL concentrations can be used as accessible and reliable pre-clinical HD markers. This will be of potential use for monitoring HD mouse model disease progression and evaluating preclinical disease-modifying treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Soylu-Kucharz
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Sandelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marie Sjögren
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Edward J Wild
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria Björkqvist
- Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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