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Abdel-Gawad DRI, Khalil F, Shehata O, Ibrahim MA, El-Samannoudy S, Mahdi EA, Shaban NS. Role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in reducing neurotoxicity and depression-like behaviors induced by doxorubicin in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae159. [PMID: 39371677 PMCID: PMC11447378 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Doxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum antitumor drug while its use is limited nowadays due to its neurobiological side effects associated with depression. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) derived exosomes are a promising regenerative therapy. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potentiality of BM-MSCs derived exosomes against the neurotoxicity induced by DOX. Methods Twenty-four male albino rats were divided equally in to three groups as follow: group 1 (control), group 2 (rats injected intraperitoneally (i.p|) with DOX at a dose 2.5mg/Kg), and group 3 (rats injected with DOX and BM-MSCs derived exosomes i.p at a dose 1.5ml/Kg). During the experiment the behavior tests were noted, after three weeks rats were sacrificed, serum and brain samples were collected for biochemical, molecular and histopathological examinations. Results The results revealed that DOX causing impairment of the locomotor and increasing the anxiety like behavior of rats, marked neuropathological changes, significant elevation of MDA content and TNF-α concentration, reduction of phospholipase (PLD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) protein concentration in addition, there were up regulation of JNK, NF-κB and p38 genes and down regulation of Erk1. Conclusion Exosomal therapy improved the substantial neurotoxicity of DOX through modulating the markers involved in the neurotoxic signalling pathway of DOX that resulting in improving the pathological lesions and the animal behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa R I Abdel-Gawad
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Shamla St. next to the Directorate of Roads and Bridges, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Khalil
- Department of Animal and Poultry Management and Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Shamla St. next to the Directorate of Roads and Bridges, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Olfat Shehata
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Shamla St. next to the Directorate of Roads and Bridges, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Block 17102 8th district Obour city, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - SalmaI El-Samannoudy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 81 District 9 Neighborhood 4 sheikh zayed, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Emad A Mahdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Shamla St. next to the Directorate of Roads and Bridges, Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - Nema S Shaban
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-suef University, PO Box 62511, Shamla St. next to the Directorate of Roads and Bridges, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Aran KR, Gupta GD, Singh S. Cladribine induces apoptosis, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial oxidative stress, tau phosphorylation and Aβ (1-42) pathway in the hippocampus: An in vivo approach. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 133:102340. [PMID: 37708945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Cladribine is a purine nucleoside found to enhance toxic amyloid protein and cause memory impairment. Patients following chemotherapy treatment commonly suffer from cognitive deficits more prevalent in the elderly than adults. A previous research study revealed that cladribine has a high affinity to the brain, increases the level of amyloid precursor protein, and results in learning deficits. The study was designed to validate an animal model of cladribine administration to rats through mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, tau phosphorylation, and amyloid-β (1-42) accumulation. In this study, all rats were orally given cladribine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) for 28 days, resulting in impaired spatial memory confirmed by behavioural activity. On day 29, all rats were euthanized, and the hippocampal tissues were isolated and used for the estimation of neuroinflammatory markers, biochemicals parameters (glutathione, catalase, lipid peroxidation, and nitrite), amyloid-β (1-42) level, neurotransmitters, and nuclear factor kappa B analysis. Cladribine administration significantly elevated cytokines release, dysbalanced neurotransmitter concentration, and promoted the Aβ accumulation and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Our study outcome confirmed that cladribine produces cognitive impairment via activation of Nuclear factor kappa B, mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysbalanced of the endogenous antioxidant defence system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadga Raj Aran
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab 142001, India; I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab 142001, India.
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3
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Ren Y, Qu S. Constituent isoflavones of Puerariae radix as a potential neuroprotector in cognitive impairment: Evidence from preclinical studies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102040. [PMID: 37619620 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing aging population worldwide, the incidence of senile cognitive impairment (CI) is increasing, posing a serious threat to the health of elderly persons. Despite developing new drugs aimed at improving CI, progress in this regard has been insufficient. Natural preparations derived from plants have become an unparalleled resource for developing new drugs. Puerariae radix (PR) has a long history as Chinese herbal medicine. PR is rich in various chemical components such as isoflavones, triterpenes, and saponins. The isoflavones (puerarin, daidzein, formononetin, and genistein) exhibit potential therapeutic effects on CI through multiple mechanisms. Relevant literature was organized from major scientific databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Using "Puerariae radix," "Pueraria lobata," "isoflavones," "puerarin," "antioxidant," "daidzein," "formononetin," "genistein," "Alzheimer"s disease," and "vascular cognitive impairment" as keywords, the relevant literature was extracted from the databases mentioned above. We found that isoflavones from PR have neuroprotective effects on multiple models of CI via multiple targets and mechanisms. These isoflavones prevent Aβ aggregation, inhibit tau hyperphosphorylation, increase cholinergic neurotransmitter levels, reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, improve synaptic plasticity, promote nerve regeneration, and prevent apoptosis. PR has been used as traditional Chinese herbal medicine for a long time, and its constituent isoflavones exert significant therapeutic effects on CI through various neuroprotective mechanisms. This review will contribute to the future development of isoflavones present in PR as novel drug candidates for the clinical treatment of CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shengtao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao St, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
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Cholinergic Internal and Projection Systems of Hippocampus and Neocortex Critical for Early Spatial Memory Consolidation in Normal and Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Conditions in Rats with Different Abilities to Consolidation: The Role of Cholinergic Interneurons of the Hippocampus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071532. [PMID: 35884837 PMCID: PMC9313465 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cholinergic projection systems of the neocortex and hippocampus in memory consolidation in healthy and neuropathological conditions has been subject to intensive research. On the contrary, the significance of cholinergic cortical and hippocampal interneurons in learning has hardly been studied. We aimed to evaluate the role of both cholinergic projection neurons and interneurons of the neocortex and hippocampus at an early stage of spatial memory consolidation (2s1) in normal and chronic brain hypoperfusion conditions. Control rats and rats subjected to permanent two-vessel occlusion were trained with the Morris water maze, and the activity of membrane-bound and water-soluble choline acetyltransferase was evaluated in the sub-fractions of ‘light’ and ‘heavy’ synaptosomes of the neocortex and hippocampus, in which the presynapses of cholinergic projections and interneurons, respectively, are concentrated. Animals were ranked into quartiles according to their performance on stage 2s1. We found: (1) quartile-dependent cholinergic composition of 2s1 function and dynamics of cholinergic synaptic plasticity under cerebral hypoperfusion; (2) cholinergic hippocampal interneurons are necessary for successful 2s1 consolidation; (3) cholinergic neocortical interneurons and projections can be critical for 2s1 consolidation in less learning rats. We conclude that targeted modulation of cholinergic synaptic activity in the hippocampus and neocortex can be effective in reversing the cognitive disturbance of cerebral hypoperfusion. We discuss the possible ways to restore the impaired spatial memory 2s1 in the presence of cerebral hypoperfusion.
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5
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Li C, Peng Y, Tang W, Li T, Gatasheh MK, Ahmed Rasheed R, Fu J, He J, Wang WD, Shen Y, Yang Y, Chen Y, Mehmood Abbasi A. Antioxidant, Anti-lipidemic, Hypoglycemic and Antiproliferative Effects of phenolics from Cortex Mori Radicis. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Kim MJ, Hwang ES, Kim KJ, Maeng S, Heo HJ, Park JH, Kim DO. Anti-Amnesic Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010001. [PMID: 35052505 PMCID: PMC8773269 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major flavan-3-ol of green tea polyphenols that exhibits various beneficial health effects, including antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate whether EGCG prevents scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in in vivo and ex vivo models. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pre-treated with EGCG (5 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)) for 10 days. Then, EGCG and scopolamine (1 mg/kg/day; i.p.) were applied 60 and 30 min before the behavioral tests, respectively, for another 9 days. EGCG alleviated the cognitive deficits in the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. EGCG showed improved cholinergic functions by decreasing acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampi dissected from the brain of the rats after the behavioral tests. EGCG also reduced oxidative stress, partly due to increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde level in the hippocampi of the rat brains after the behavioral tests. Furthermore, EGCG attenuated the scopolamine-induced blockade of long-term potentiation in organotypic hippocampal tissue of seven-day-old SD rats. Taken together, these results suggested that EGCG is a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (M.-J.K.); (K.J.K.)
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Kwan Joong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (M.-J.K.); (K.J.K.)
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Department of Comprehensive Health Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.P.); (D.-O.K.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (J.-H.P.); +82-31-201-3796 (D.-O.K.)
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (M.-J.K.); (K.J.K.)
- Department of Food Innovation and Health, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.P.); (D.-O.K.); Tel.: +82-31-201-2916 (J.-H.P.); +82-31-201-3796 (D.-O.K.)
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7
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Muramatsu I, Uwada J, Chihara K, Sada K, Wang MH, Yazawa T, Taniguchi T, Ishibashi T, Masuoka T. Evaluation of radiolabeled acetylcholine synthesis and release in rat striatum. J Neurochem 2021; 160:342-355. [PMID: 34878648 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic transmission underlies higher brain functions such as cognition and movement. To elucidate the process whereby acetylcholine (ACh) release is maintained and regulated in the central nervous system, uptake of [3 H]choline and subsequent synthesis and release of [3 H]ACh were investigated in rat striatal segments. Incubation with [3 H]choline elicited efficient uptake via high-affinity choline transporter-1, resulting in accumulation of [3 H]choline and [3 H]ACh. However, following inhibition of ACh esterase (AChE), incubation with [3 H]choline led predominantly to the accumulation of [3 H]ACh. Electrical stimulation and KCl depolarization selectively released [3 H]ACh but not [3 H]choline. [3 H]ACh release gradually declined upon repetitive stimulation, whereas the release was reproducible under inhibition of AChE. [3 H]ACh release was abolished after treatment with vesamicol, an inhibitor of vesicular ACh transporter. These results suggest that releasable ACh is continually replenished from the cytosol to releasable pools of cholinergic vesicles to maintain cholinergic transmission. [3 H]ACh release evoked by electrical stimulation was abolished by tetrodotoxin, but that induced by KCl was largely resistant. ACh release was Ca2+ dependent and exhibited slightly different sensitivities to N- and P-type Ca2+ channel toxins (ω-conotoxin GVIA and ω-agatoxin IVA, respectively) between both stimuli. [3 H]ACh release was negatively regulated by M2 muscarinic and D2 dopaminergic receptors. The present results suggest that inhibition of AChE within cholinergic neurons and of presynaptic negative regulation of ACh release contributes to maintenance and facilitation of cholinergic transmission, providing a potentially useful clue for the development of therapies for cholinergic dysfunction-associated disorders, in addition to inhibition of synaptic cleft AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan.,Kimura Hospital, Awara, Fukui, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuyasu Chihara
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mao-Hsien Wang
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan.,Department of Anesthesia, En Chu Kon Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction, Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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Kondo-Takuma Y, Mizuno M, Tsuda Y, Madokoro Y, Suzuki K, Sato T, Takase H, Uchida Y, Adachi KI, Hida H, Borlongan CV, Matsukawa N. Reduction of acetylcholine in the hippocampus of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide precursor protein knockout mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22072. [PMID: 34764402 PMCID: PMC8586363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic efferent network from the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus plays an important role in learning and memory processes. This cholinergic projection can generate theta oscillations in the hippocampus to encode novel information. Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP), which induces acetylcholine (Ach) synthesis in the medial septal nuclei of an explant culture system, was purified from the soluble fraction of postnatal rat hippocampus. HCNP is processed from the N-terminal region of a 186-amino acid, 21-kDa HCNP precursor protein, also known as Raf kinase inhibitory protein and phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1. Here, we confirmed direct reduction of Ach release in the hippocampus of freely moving HCNP-pp knockout mice under an arousal state by the microdialysis method. The levels of vesicular acetylcholine transporter were also decreased in the hippocampus of these mice in comparison with those in control mice, suggesting there was decreased incorporation of Ach into the synaptic vesicle. These results potently indicate that HCNP may be a cholinergic regulator in the septo-hippocampal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kondo-Takuma
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yo Tsuda
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuta Madokoro
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuto Uchida
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Adachi
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hideki Hida
- Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
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9
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Johns B, Ficken M, Engberg M, Wecker L, Philpot R. Increasing dietary choline attenuates spatial memory deficits resulting from exposure to the chemotherapeutic agents cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:1300-1309. [PMID: 34225528 PMCID: PMC9152698 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211029752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline supplementation (+Ch) improves cognitive function in impaired animals and humans. Chemotherapy-related cognitive deficits (CRCDs) occur in cancer patients, and these deficits persist following treatment, adversely impacting quality of life. To date, there are no approved treatments for this condition. AIM Because +Ch improves impaired memory, it was of interest to determine whether +Ch can attenuate spatial memory deficits induced by the chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CYP). METHODS Female BALB/C mice, 64 days of age, were trained in the Morris water maze and baseline performance determined on day 15. Following baseline assessment, mice were placed on +Ch diet (2.0% Ch) or remained on standard diet (0.12% Ch). Mice received intravenous injections of DOX (2.5 mg/kg) and CYP (25 mg/kg), or equivalent volumes of saline (0.9% NaCl), on days 16, 23, 30, and 37, and spatial memory was assessed weekly from day 22 to 71. RESULTS DOX and CYP produced a prolonged impairment in spatial memory as indicated by an increased latency to the correct zone (p < 0.05), and a decrease in time in the correct zone (p < 0.05), % of total swim distance in the correct zone (p < 0.05) and % entries to the correct zone (p < 0.05). These effects were attenuated by +Ch. CONCLUSION Although it remains to be determined whether this effect extends to other cognitive domains and whether +Ch is prophylactic or therapeutic, these findings suggest that +Ch may be an effective intervention for CRCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R.M. Philpot
- Corresponding Author: Rex M. Philpot, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, 3515 E Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL 33612,
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10
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A tacrine-tetrahydroquinoline heterodimer potently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and enhances neurotransmission in mice. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113827. [PMID: 34530383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons are ubiquitous and involved in various higher brain functions including learning and memory. Patients with Alzheimer's disease exhibit significant dysfunction and loss of cholinergic neurons. Meanwhile, such cholinergic deficits can be potentially relieved pharmacologically by increasing acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have been used to improve cholinergic transmission in the brain for two decades and have proven effective for alleviating symptoms in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the search for AChE inhibitors for drug development is ongoing. The enzymatic pocket of AChE has long been the target of several drug designs over the last two decades. The peripheral and catalytic sites of AChE are simultaneously bound by several dimeric molecules, enabling more-efficient inhibition. Here, we used 6-chlorotacrine and the tetrahydroquinolone moiety of huperzine A to design and synthesize a series of heterodimers that inhibit AChE at nanomolar potency. Specifically, compound 7b inhibits AChE with an IC50 < 1 nM and spares butyrylcholinesterase. Administration of 7b to mouse brain slices restores synaptic activity impaired by pirenzepine, a muscarinic M1-selective antagonist. Moreover, oral administration of 7b to C57BL/6 mice enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation in a dose-dependent manner and is detectable in the brain tissue. All these data supported that 7b is a potential cognitive enhancer and is worth for further exploration.
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11
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Lopez SMM, Aguilar JS, Fernandez JBB, Lao AGJ, Estrella MRR, Devanadera MKP, Ramones CMV, Villaraza AJL, Guevarra LA, Santiago-Bautista MR, Santiago LA. Neuroactive venom compounds obtained from Phlogiellus bundokalbo as potential leads for neurodegenerative diseases: insights on their acetylcholinesterase and beta-secretase inhibitory activities in vitro. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20210009. [PMID: 34249120 PMCID: PMC8237997 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spider venom is a rich cocktail of neuroactive compounds designed to prey capture and defense against predators that act on neuronal membrane proteins, in particular, acetylcholinesterases (AChE) that regulate synaptic transmission through acetylcholine (ACh) hydrolysis - an excitatory neurotransmitter - and beta-secretases (BACE) that primarily cleave amyloid precursor proteins (APP), which are, in turn, relevant in the structural integrity of neurons. The present study provides preliminary evidence on the therapeutic potential of Phlogiellus bundokalbo venom against neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Spider venom was extracted by electrostimulation and fractionated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Neuroactivity of the whole venom was observed by a neurobehavioral response from Terebrio molitor larvae in vivo and fractions were screened for their inhibitory activities against AChE and BACE in vitro. Results The whole venom from P. bundokalbo demonstrated neuroactivity by inducing excitatory movements from T. molitor for 15 min. Sixteen fractions collected produced diverse mass fragments from MALDI-TOF-MS ranging from 900-4500 Da. Eleven of sixteen fractions demonstrated AChE inhibitory activities with 14.34% (± 2.60e-4) to 62.05% (± 6.40e-5) compared with donepezil which has 86.34% (± 3.90e-5) inhibition (p > 0.05), while none of the fractions were observed to exhibit BACE inhibition. Furthermore, three potent fractions against AChE, F1, F3, and F16 displayed competitive and uncompetitive inhibitions compared to donepezil as the positive control. Conclusion The venom of P. bundokalbo contains compounds that demonstrate neuroactivity and anti-AChE activities in vitro, which could comprise possible therapeutic leads for the development of cholinergic compounds against neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Miguel M Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 1101
| | - Jeremey S Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008
| | - Jerene Bashia B Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008
| | - Angelic Gayle J Lao
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 1101
| | - Mitzi Rain R Estrella
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008
| | - Mark Kevin P Devanadera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015
| | - Cydee Marie V Ramones
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 1101
| | - Aaron Joseph L Villaraza
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines, 1101
| | - Leonardo A Guevarra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015
| | - Myla R Santiago-Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015
| | - Librado A Santiago
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1008.,Research Center for Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015.,The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, 1015
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12
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Du J, Zhang A, Li J, Liu X, Wu S, Wang B, Wang Y, Jia H. Doxorubicin-Induced Cognitive Impairment: The Mechanistic Insights. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673340. [PMID: 34055643 PMCID: PMC8158153 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy can significantly prolong the survival of patients with breast cancer; Nevertheless, the majority of patients receiving chemotherapy such as doxorubicin may have cognitive deficits that manifest as impairments in learning, reasoning, attention, and memory. The phenomenon of chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline is termed as chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) or chemo-brain. Doxorubicin (DOX), a commonly used drug in adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer, has been reported to induce chemo-brain through a variety of mechanisms including DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, dysregulation of apoptosis and autophagy, changes in neurotransmitter levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell interactions, neurogenesis inhibition, and epigenetic factors. These mechanisms do not operate independently but are inter-related, coordinately contributing to the development of chemo-brain. Here we review the relationships of these mechanisms and pathways in attempt to provide mechanistic insights into the doxorubicin-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Du
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aoxue Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of First Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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13
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Li C, Chen S, Sha J, Cui J, He J, Fu J, Shen Y. Extraction and purification of total flavonoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. and evaluation of their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2349-2363. [PMID: 34026054 PMCID: PMC8116873 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits and promising medical treatment potential of total flavonoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. (TFELDC) have been recognized. The process parameters of extracting total flavonoids from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. by ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) were optimized, and they were purified by AB-8 macroporous resin in the current study. In addition, the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the purified TFELDC (PTFELDC) were evaluated. The results showed that the optimal parameters of UMSE were as follows: ethanol volume fraction 71.5%, L/S ratio 12.2 ml/g, microwave power 318 W, and extraction time 143 s. After TFELDC were purified by AB-8 macroporous resin, the total flavonoid contents of PTFELDC increased from 208.18 ± 1.60 to 511.19 ± 3.21 mg RE/g FDS. Compared with TFELDC, the content of total flavonoids in PTFELDC was increased by 2.46 times. The antioxidant activities of PTFELDC were assessed using DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, and the IC50 values were found to be 37.13, 19.62, 81.22, and 24.72 μg/ml, respectively. The enzyme inhibitory activities of PTFELDC were measured using lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase assays with the IC50 values 1.38, 2.08, 1.63, and 0.58 mg/ml, respectively. By comparing with their positive controls, it was found that PTFELDC had good antioxidant activities, and lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, However, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was relatively weaker. These results suggested that PTFELDC have a promising potential as natural antioxidant, antilipidemic, and hypoglycemic drugs used in functional foods or pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Shanglong Chen
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Jin Sha
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Jue Cui
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Juping He
- College of Food and BioengineeringXuzhou University of TechnologyXuzhouChina
| | - Junning Fu
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingbin Shen
- School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
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14
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Use of bladder antimuscarinics is associated with an increased risk of dementia: a retrospective population-based case-control study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4827. [PMID: 33649451 PMCID: PMC7921664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between bladder antimuscarinic use and dementia development is unclear. We used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to determine the association between the exposure dose and duration of bladder antimuscarinics and the subsequent dementia risk. We enrolled participants aged 55 years or more and defined a dementia cohort (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 290, 294.1, and 331.0). We used a propensity score matching method, and randomly enrolled two controls without dementia. We evaluated dementia risk with respect to the exposure dose and duration of treatment with seven bladder antimuscarinics (oxybutynin, propiverine, tolterodine, solifenacin, trospium, darifenacin, and fesoterodine) used for at least 1 year before the index date, after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and medications. The dementia risk was 2.46-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.22–2.73) higher in Taiwanese patients who used bladder antimuscarinics for ≥ 1 year than in those who were not exposed to this treatment. The risk proportionally increased with increasing doses of antimuscarinics for less than 4 years. Taiwanese patients aged 55 years or more on bladder antimuscarinics exhibited a higher risk of dementia. Additional studies in other countries are required to determine whether this result is valid worldwide.
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15
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Zhang L, Zou Z. Molluscicidal activity of fatty acids in the kernel of Chimonanthus praecox cv. Luteus against the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 167:104620. [PMID: 32527423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the kernel of Chimonanthus praecox cv. Luteus (FKC) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), its ability to kill Pomacea canaliculata was detected, and the degree of damage and physiological and biochemical effects of an FKC soaking treatment on the hepatopancreas tissue of P. canaliculata were evaluated. In total, 16 fatty acids were detected in FKC, among which 13 were qualitatively identified; octadecadienoic acid (56.76%) and palmitic acid (17.03%) had the highest contents. After 48 h of treatment with FKC, the hepatopancreas of P. canaliculata had a large area of necrosis. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and albumin (Alb) in the hepatopancreas of P. canaliculata decreased with increasing FKC concentration. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of cereal third transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) increased with increasing FKC concentration. The results showed that FKC has an obvious negative effect on the hepatopancreas cell structure and physiological function of P. canaliculata, i.e., has strong molluscicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Zou
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China.
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16
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Fernández-Fernández D, Lamas JA. Metabotropic Modulation of Potassium Channels During Synaptic Plasticity. Neuroscience 2020; 456:4-16. [PMID: 32114098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Besides their primary function mediating the repolarization phase of action potentials, potassium channels exquisitely and ubiquitously regulate the resting membrane potential of neurons and therefore have a key role establishing their intrinsic excitability. This group of proteins is composed of a very diverse collection of voltage-dependent and -independent ion channels, whose specific distribution is finely tuned at the level of the synapse. Both at the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, different types of potassium channels are subjected to modulation by second messenger signaling cascades triggered by metabotropic receptors, which in this way serve as a link between neurotransmitter actions and changes in the neuron membrane excitability. On the one hand, by regulating the resting membrane potential of the postsynaptic membrane, potassium channels appear to be critical towards setting the threshold for the induction of long-term potentiation and depression. On the other hand, these channels maintain the presynaptic membrane potential under control, therefore influencing the probability of neurotransmitter release underlying different forms of short-term plasticity. In the present review, we examine in detail the role of metabotropic receptors translating their activation by different neurotransmitters into a final effect modulating several types of potassium channels. Furthermore, we evaluate the consequences that this interplay has on the induction and maintenance of different forms of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fernández-Fernández
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain.
| | - J A Lamas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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17
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Morales-Weil K, Moreno M, Ahumada J, Arriagada J, Fuentealba P, Bonansco C, Fuenzalida M. Priming of GABAergic Long-term Potentiation by Muscarinic Receptors. Neuroscience 2020; 428:242-251. [PMID: 31917346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that GABAergic interneurons play a pivotal role to generate brain oscillation patterns, which are fundamental for the mnemonic processing of the hippocampus. While acetylcholine (ACh) is a powerful modulator of synaptic plasticity and brain function, few studies have been focused on the role of cholinergic signaling in the regulation of GABAergic inhibitory synaptic plasticity. We have previously shown that co-activation of endocannabinoids (CB1R) and muscarinic receptor (mAChR) in hippocampal interneurons can induce activity-dependent GABAergic long-term depression in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Here, using electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches in acute rat hippocampal slices, we show that activation of cholinergic receptors followed by either high-frequency stimulation of Schaeffer collaterals or exogenous activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) induces a robust long-term potentiation at GABAergic synapses (iLTP). These forms of iLTP are blocked by the M1 type of mAChR (MR1) or by the group I of mGluR (mGluR1/5) antagonists. These results suggest the existence of spatiotemporal cooperativity between cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways where activation of mAChR serves as a metaplastic switch making glutamatergic synapses capable to induce long-term potentiation at inhibitory synapses, that may contribute to the modulation of brain mechanisms of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyam Morales-Weil
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Macarena Moreno
- Centro interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Juan Ahumada
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge Arriagada
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.
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Li S, Zou Z. Toxicity of Chimonanthus nitens flower extracts to the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 160:136-145. [PMID: 31519248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the molluscicidal activity of Chimonanthus nitens extracts on Pomacea canaliculata (Ampullariidae). The degree of hepatopancreatic tissue damage, and its physiological and biochemical effects, was evaluated on individuals exposed to petroleum ether extracts (PEEEs). The PEEEs, ethyl acetate extract (EAEE) and water saturated n-butyl extract (SBEE) of C. nitens also had toxic effects on P. canaliculata but PEEE had the greatest molluscicidal activity. After exposure to PEEE for 24 h, the hepatopancreas of P. canaliculata had a large necrotic area. The levels of soluble sugar, soluble protein and albumin (Alb) in the hepatopancreas of P. canaliculata decreased with increasing PEEE concentration, while the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) increased with increasing PEEE concentration. A total of 29 compounds were identified from the PEEE of C. nitens by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The main components were esters (48.13%), alcohols (18.43%) and the compound Chimonanthine (14.70%). The results of the molluscicidal assay, histological experiments and the physiological and biochemical experiments show that the PEEE of C. nitens could potentially be used for P. canaliculata management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailan Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Zou
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China.
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19
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Muramatsu I, Uwada J, Yoshiki H, Sada K, Lee K, Yazawa T, Taniguchi T, Nishio M, Ishibashi T, Masuoka T. Novel regulatory systems for acetylcholine release in rat striatum and anti‐Alzheimer's disease drugs. J Neurochem 2019; 149:605-623. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada, Ishikawa Japan
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology School of Medicine University of Fukui Eiheiji Fukui Japan
- Kimura Hospital Awara Fukui Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction Department of Biochemistry Asahikawa Medical University Asahikawa Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hatsumi Yoshiki
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology School of Medicine University of Fukui Eiheiji Fukui Japan
| | - Kiyonao Sada
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology School of Medicine University of Fukui Eiheiji Fukui Japan
| | - Kung‐Shing Lee
- Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology School of Medicine University of Fukui Eiheiji Fukui Japan
- Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction Department of Biochemistry Asahikawa Medical University Asahikawa Hokkaido Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Division of Cellular Signal Transduction Department of Biochemistry Asahikawa Medical University Asahikawa Hokkaido Japan
| | - Matomo Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada, Ishikawa Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada, Ishikawa Japan
| | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada, Ishikawa Japan
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