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Song M, Yi F, Zeng F, Zheng L, Huang L, Sun X, Huang Q, Deng J, Wang H, Gu W. USP18 Stabilized FTO Protein to Activate Mitophagy in Ischemic Stroke Through Repressing m6A Modification of SIRT6. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6658-6674. [PMID: 38340205 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a dangerous cerebrovascular disorder with a significant incidence and death rate. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18) has been proven to mitigate ischemic brain damage; however, its potential regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In vivo and in vitro models of IS were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Neurocyte injury was detected by MTT, LDH, ROS level, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and flow cytometry. Molecular expression was evaluated by qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Molecular mechanisms were determined by Co-IP, RIP, and MeRIP. IS injury was determined by neurological behavior score and TTC staining. Mitophagy was observed by TEM. USP18 and fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) expression declined after OGD/R. Dysfunctional mitochondrial and apoptosis in OGD/R-stimulated neurocytes were eliminated by USP18/FTO overexpression via mitophagy activation. USP18-mediated de-ubiquitination was responsible for increasing FTO protein stability. Up-regulation of FTO protein restrained m6A modification of sirtuin6 (SIRT6) in a YTHDF2-dependent manner to enhance SIRT6 expression and subsequent activation of AMPK/PGC-1α/AKT signaling. FTO induced mitophagy to ameliorate nerve cell damage through SIRT6/AMPK/PGC-1α/AKT pathway. Finally, USP18/FTO overexpression relieved IS in rats via triggering SIRT6/AMPK/PGC-1α/AKT axis-mediated mitophagy. USP18 increased FTO protein stability to trigger SIRT6-induced mitophagy, thus mitigating IS. Our data unravel the novel neuroprotective mechanism of USP18 and suggest its potential as a promising treatment target for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan Province, No.87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yi
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyue Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Hunan Province, No.87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Huang J, Zhu Z, Schlüter D, Lambertsen KL, Song W, Wang X. Ubiquitous regulation of cerebrovascular diseases by ubiquitin-modifying enzymes. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1719. [PMID: 38778460 PMCID: PMC11111633 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major threat to global health. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of CVDs is critical for the development of efficacious preventative and therapeutic approaches. Accumulating studies have highlighted the significance of ubiquitin-modifying enzymes (UMEs) in the regulation of CVDs. UMEs are a group of enzymes that orchestrate ubiquitination, a post-translational modification tightly involved in CVDs. Functionally, UMEs regulate multiple pathological processes in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, moyamoya disease, and atherosclerosis. Considering the important roles of UMEs in CVDs, they may become novel druggable targets for these diseases. Besides, techniques applying UMEs, such as proteolysis-targeting chimera and deubiquitinase-targeting chimera, may also revolutionize the therapy of CVDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyong Huang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zhenhu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
- BRIGDE—Brain Research—Inter‐Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
- Department of NeurologyOdense University HospitalOdense CDenmark
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersInstitute of AgingSchool of Mental HealthAffiliated Kangning HospitalThe Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersInstitute of AgingSchool of Mental HealthAffiliated Kangning HospitalThe Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Yuan L, Xu J, Qin F, Yi X, Zhong Z, Gu X, Gong G. USP18 overexpression protects against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury via regulating autophagy. Neurosci Lett 2023; 810:137359. [PMID: 37356565 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) is usually caused by spinal surgery, often leading to severe neurological deficits. The ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) plays a significant role in neurological diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to assess the effects and mechanisms of USP18 on SCII. METHODS By inducing transient aortic occlusion and subsequent reperfusion, a rat model of SCII was successfully established. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores, the inclined plane test, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were used to measure locomotor activity and histological changes in the injured spinal cords. Moreover, the SCII cell model was established using PC12 cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and INF-α) were examined using an ELISA kit. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining and TUNEL assays. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy. RESULTS USP18 expression was decreasedin vivo and in vitro SCII models. The upregulation of USP18 ameliorated hind limbs' motor function, inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis after SCII in rats. USP18 overexpression in vitro may protect PC12 cells from OGD/R-induced damage by modulating inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Moreover, Overexpression of USP18 enhanced autophagy to inhibit cell apoptosis induced by SCII in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS In summary, USP18 overexpression protects against SCII via regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Fuen Qin
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Xiaobo Yi
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Zuling Zhong
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Gu Gong
- Department of Anesthesia, People's Liberation Army The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China.
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Zhang L, Zhou H, Wang S, Guan Y, Zhang C, Fang D. Changes in microglia during drug treatment of stroke. IBRAIN 2022; 8:227-240. [PMID: 37786889 PMCID: PMC10528798 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the main immune cells in the brain and the first defense barrier of the nervous system. Microglia play a complex role in the process of stroke. A growing number of studies focus on the mechanism of action of drugs functions and how to regulate microglia. Therefore, we talk about the pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke and elaborate on the microglia signaling pathways of drug action in stroke models and how these drugs play a role in stroke treatment in this review. Understanding how drugs modulate proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses of microglia may be critical to implementing therapeutic strategies using immune interventions in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling‐Jing Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiaZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Hong‐Su Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiaGraduate School of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Shi‐Ya Wang
- Department of AnesthesiaZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Yi‐Huan Guan
- Department of AnesthesiaZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - De‐Rong Fang
- Department of Family PlanningAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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Wang F, Xia JJ, Shen LJ, Jiang TT, Li WL, You DL, Chang Q, Hu SY, Wang L, Wu X. Curcumin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation by suppressing the JAK1/STAT1 pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:236-245. [PMID: 35381181 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no effective treatment strategy for Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Curcumin, a major active ingredient of curcuma longa L, possesses a potential anti-inflammatory activity in many types of disease. In the current study, the mechanism underlying curcumin attenuates ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation was explored. Herein, we studied curcumin decreased brain edema and improved neurological function by using brain edema measurement, assessment of neurological-deficient score, immunofluorescence, and western blotting analyses after ICH. The results showed that curcumin improved ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Functionally, the polarization of microglia was assessed by immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses after ICH in the absence or presence of curcumin. The results suggested that the M1-type microglia were activated after ICH, while the effect was blocked by curcumin treatment, suggesting that curcumin alleviates the neuroinflammation and apoptosis of neurons by suppressing the M1-type polarization of microglia. Mechanically, M1 polarization of microglia was regulated by JAK1/STAT1 and the activation of JAK1/STAT1 was blocked by curcumin. Meanwhile, the protective function of curcumin can be blocked by RO8191, an activator of JAK1. Taken together our study suggests that curcumin improved the ICH-induced brain injury through alleviating M1 polarization of microglia/macrophage and neuroinflammation via suppressing JAK1/STAT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, China;
| | - Jian-Jun Xia
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Emergency, Shanghai, China;
| | - Li-Juan Shen
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai, China;
| | - Ting-Ting Jiang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, China;
| | - Wu-Lin Li
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Emergency, Shanghai, China;
| | - Da-Li You
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, China;
| | - Qing Chang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai, China;
| | - Shan-You Hu
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, China;
| | - Li Wang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, China, 201800.,Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai, China, 201800;
| | - Xiao Wu
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai, China, 201800.,Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, 74753, Department of Emergency, Shanghai, China, 201800;
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Zhou H, Chen T. An integrated analysis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy-related cell sequencing outcomes via genes network construction. IBRAIN 2022; 8:78-92. [PMID: 37786415 PMCID: PMC10529176 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main causes of morbidity and severe neurological deficits in neonates. This study aimed to find core genes and their potential roles in HIE with the help of single-cell sequencing (SCS) technology and genes network construction. We collected and screened an HIE genes data set from the Pubmed database to analyze differential expression, and the differential values of genes were ≥3 or ≤-3 in gene expression. We constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by the string, which was also verified by Cytoscape 3.8.2. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to determine the characteristics and pathways of the core genes. We examined two meaningful papers and integrated all genes by SCS, which were classified into 12,093 genes without duplicates, 217 shared genes, and 11,876 distinct genes. Among 217 genes, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family was the most targeted gene in the PPI network. Moreover, Gene Ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome analysis showed that the process in response to virus and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway play significant roles in HIE. We also found that 54 screened genes were highly expressed, while three genes (B2M, VIM, and MRPS30) were different in the heat map and differential genes expression exhibition. VIM, as an essential portion of the brain's cytoskeleton, is closely linked to STAT and neurologic development. From the findings of SCS and bioinformatics predictive analytics model, our outcomes provided a better understanding of the roles of STAT, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and VIM, which can pave an alternative avenue for further studies on HIE progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Su Zhou
- Department of Laboratory ZoologyKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ting‐Bao Chen
- Department of Laboratory ZoologyKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
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Liu J, Ma W, Zang CH, Wang GD, Zhang SJ, Wu HJ, Zhu KW, Xiang XL, Li CY, Liu KP, Guo JH, Li LY. Salidroside inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis in microglia induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 9:1694. [PMID: 34988203 PMCID: PMC8667139 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an important mediator of neuroinflammatory responses that regulates inflammatory injury following cerebral ischemia and may be a potential target. Salidroside (Sal) has good anti-inflammatory effects; however, it remains unclear whether Sal can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway after cerebral ischemia to alleviate inflammatory injury. Methods We established an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of BV2 cells and a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to detect the viability and apoptosis of BV2 cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of inflammatory factors. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) were used to detect cerebral infarction volume and neurological deficit in rats. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the protein expression levels. Results Our results showed that Sal increased viability, inhibited lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and reduced apoptosis in OGD/R-induced BV2 cells. Sal reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. Following induction by OGD/R, BV2 cells exhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased protein levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Protein levels of key TLR4 signaling pathway elements, such as TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B p65 (p-NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65 were upregulated. Interestingly, it was revealed that Sal could reverse these changes. In addition, TAK242, a specific inhibitor of TLR4, had the same effect as Sal treatment on BV2 cells following induction by OGD/R. In the MCAO/R rat model, Sal was also observed to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia, reduce cerebral infarction volume, and inhibit apoptosis. Conclusions In summary, we found that Sal inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis in microglia induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus playing a protective role. Therefore, Sal may be a promising drug for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Zang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Jie Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke-Wei Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang-Lin Xiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kuang-Pin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Hui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 29 Exacerbates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6955628. [PMID: 34824671 PMCID: PMC8610700 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6955628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis contribute to the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ubiquitin-specific protease 29 (USP29) is abundantly expressed in the brain and plays critical roles in regulating oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of USP29 in cerebral I/R injury. Neuron-specific USP29 knockout mice were generated and subjected to cerebral I/R surgery. For USP29 overexpression, mice were stereotactically injected with the adenoassociated virus serotype 9 vectors carrying USP29 for 4 weeks before cerebral I/R. And primary cortical neurons were isolated and exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) stimulation to imitate cerebral I/R injury in vitro. USP29 expression was elevated in the brain and primary cortical neurons upon I/R injury. Neuron-specific USP29 knockout significantly diminished, whereas USP29 overexpression aggravated cerebral I/R-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neurological dysfunction in mice. In addition, OGD/R-induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis were also attenuated by USP29 silence but exacerbated by USP29 overexpression in vitro. Mechanistically, neuronal USP29 enhanced p53/miR-34a-mediated silent information regulator 1 downregulation and then promoted the acetylation and suppression of brain and muscle ARNT-like protein, thereby aggravating oxidative stress and apoptosis upon cerebral I/R injury. Our findings for the first time identify that USP29 upregulation during cerebral I/R may contribute to oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and the progression of cerebral I/R injury and that inhibition of USP29 may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat cerebral I/R injury.
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Ding R, Li G, Yao Y, Zhang L, Zhang X, Li J, Shen T, Gao Y, Wu T, Kong S, Huang M, Li Y. Transgelin-2 interacts with CD44 to regulate Notch1 signaling pathway and participates in colorectal cancer proliferation and migration. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 78:99-108. [PMID: 34553339 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of transgelin-2 (TAGLN2) is related to tumor occurrence and progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of TAGLN2 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) is still poorly understood. Compared with adjacent tissues, TAGLN2 is overexpressed in CRC tissues. Its expression level is negatively correlated with the overall survival rate of patients with CRC. In addition, knockdown of TAGLN2 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells. We also showed that TAGLN2 could interact with CD44 to regulate the Notch-1 signaling pathway. Our findings indicate there is increased TAGLN2 expression in CRC and that it may serve as a promising potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ding
- Department of Minimally Interventional Therapy, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Guoyu Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yueyi Yao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuzhen Kong
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Department of Minimally Interventional Therapy, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 519, Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China.
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10
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Berdowski WM, Sanderson LE, van Ham TJ. The multicellular interplay of microglia in health and disease: lessons from leukodystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048925. [PMID: 34282843 PMCID: PMC8319551 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are highly dynamic cells crucial for developing and maintaining lifelong brain function and health through their many interactions with essentially all cellular components of the central nervous system. The frequent connection of microglia to leukodystrophies, genetic disorders of the white matter, has highlighted their involvement in the maintenance of white matter integrity. However, the mechanisms that underlie their putative roles in these processes remain largely uncharacterized. Microglia have also been gaining attention as possible therapeutic targets for many neurological conditions, increasing the demand to understand their broad spectrum of functions and the impact of their dysregulation. In this Review, we compare the pathological features of two groups of genetic leukodystrophies: those in which microglial dysfunction holds a central role, termed 'microgliopathies', and those in which lysosomal or peroxisomal defects are considered to be the primary driver. The latter are suspected to have notable microglia involvement, as some affected individuals benefit from microglia-replenishing therapy. Based on overlapping pathology, we discuss multiple ways through which aberrant microglia could lead to white matter defects and brain dysfunction. We propose that the study of leukodystrophies, and their extensively multicellular pathology, will benefit from complementing analyses of human patient material with the examination of cellular dynamics in vivo using animal models, such as zebrafish. Together, this will yield important insight into the cell biological mechanisms of microglial impact in the central nervous system, particularly in the development and maintenance of myelin, that will facilitate the development of new, and refinement of existing, therapeutic options for a range of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Lin X, Zhan J, Jiang J, Ren Y. Upregulation of Neuronal Cylindromatosis Expression is Essential for Electroacupuncture-Mediated Alleviation of Neuroinflammatory Injury by Regulating Microglial Polarization in Rats Subjected to Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2061-2078. [PMID: 34045881 PMCID: PMC8149215 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s307841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activated microglia are polarized into the M1 or M2 phenotype. We previously reported that electroacupuncture (EA) effectively prevented nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and improved neuronal C-X-C motif 3 chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) expression, repressing microglial activation by upregulating neuronal cylindromatosis (CYLD) expression in the periischemic cortex. However, the potential mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, we explored whether EA improved CYLD protein expression to regulate microglial polarization-mediated neuroinflammation and the potential mechanisms in an ischemic stroke model. Methods A middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were treated with EA at the Baihui, Hegu and Taichong acupoints once daily beginning 2 h after focal cerebral ischemia. CYLD gene interference was used to investigate the role of CYLD in microglial polarization. We used neurobehavioral evaluations and TTC staining to examine the neuroprotective effect of EA via CYLD upregulation. Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR were used to measure NLRP3 activation, M1/M2 microglial activation, pro-/anti-inflammatory gene mRNA expression and crosstalk (CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis) between neurons and microglia. Western blotting was used to assess the underlying molecular mechanism. Results CYLD inhibited M1 microglial activation and improved M2 microglial activation after 72 h of reperfusion. CYLD overexpression decreased the NLRP3 mRNA level. CYLD suppressed microglial overactivation by inhibiting NLRP3 activation. CYLD gene silencing partially weakened EA improvement of neurological function deficits and reduction of infarct volumes after 72 h reperfusion. In addition, EA inhibited M1-like phenotypic microglial activation and promoted M2-like phenotypic microglia through upregulating CYLD expression. Finally, EA-mediated modulation of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and NLRP3 inflammasome was reversed by CYLD gene silencing in the periischemic cortex. Conclusion EA-induced upregulation of neuronal CYLD expression plays anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles and regulates the interaction between neurons and microglia, thereby suppressing M1 and improving M2 microglial activation in the periischemic cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin
- Department of Biological Immunotherapy, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikun Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
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12
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Lyu J, Xie D, Bhatia TN, Leak RK, Hu X, Jiang X. Microglial/Macrophage polarization and function in brain injury and repair after stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:515-527. [PMID: 33650313 PMCID: PMC8025652 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality, with limited treatment options. After stroke injury, microglia and CNS‐resident macrophages are rapidly activated and regulate neuropathological processes to steer the course of functional recovery. To accelerate this recovery, microglia can engulf dying cells and clear irreparably‐damaged tissues, thereby creating a microenvironment that is more suitable for the formation of new neural circuitry. In addition, monocyte‐derived macrophages cross the compromised blood‐brain barrier to infiltrate the injured brain. The specific functions of myeloid lineage cells in brain injury and repair are diverse and dependent on phenotypic polarization statuses. However, it remains to be determined to what degree the CNS‐invading macrophages occupy different functional niches from CNS‐resident microglia. In this review, we describe the physiological characteristics and functions of microglia in the developing and adult brain. We also review (a) the activation and phenotypic polarization of microglia and macrophages after stroke, (b) molecular mechanisms that control polarization status, and (c) the contribution of microglia to brain pathology versus repair. Finally, we summarize current breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies that calibrate microglia/macrophage responses after stroke. The present review summarizes recent advances in microglial research in relation to stroke with emphases on microglial/macrophage phenotypic polarization and function in brain injury and repair. It also reviews the physiological characteristics and functions of microglia in the developing and adult brain, and describes current breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies that calibrate microglia/macrophage responses after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxuan Lyu
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Zhou Y, Fan R, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Infliximab Can Improve Traumatic Brain Injury by Suppressing the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2803-2811. [PMID: 33501626 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has both high morbidity and mortality rates and can negatively influence physical and mental health, while also causing extreme burden to both individual and society. Hitherto, there is no effective treatment for TBI because of the complexity of the brain anatomy and physiology. Currently, management strategies mainly focus on controlling inflammation after TBI. Tumor necrotizing factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation post-TBI. TNF-α acts as the initiator of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways, and its activation can trigger a series of inflammatory reactions. Infliximab is a monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody that reduces inflammation. Herein, we review the latest findings pertaining to the role of TNF-α and infliximab in TBI. We seek to present a comprehensive clinical application prospect of infliximab in TBI and, thus, discuss potential strategies of infliximab in treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Ruihua Fan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China.
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14
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MicroRNA-665-3p attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-evoked microglial cell apoptosis and inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB signaling via targeting TRIM8. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106650. [PMID: 32512270 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microglial inflammation induced by ischemic stroke aggravates brain damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators in ischemic stroke-induced inflammation in microglial cells. miR-665-3p has been reported as a critical inflammation-associated miRNA. However, whether miR-665-3p participates in regulating microglial inflammation during ischemic stroke is underdetermined. This study investigated the potential role of miR-665-3p in stroke-induced inflammation in microglial cells using a cellular model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-stimulated microglial cells in vitro. We found that miR-665-3p expression was decreased in microglial cells exposed to OGD treatment. Functional experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-665-3p attenuated OGD-induced apoptosis and inflammation in microglial cells. Notably, tripartite motif 8 (TRIM8) was identified as a target gene of miR-665-3p. TRIM8 expression was induced by OGD treatment in microglial cells and the knockdown of TRIM8 protected microglial cells from OGD -induced cytotoxicity and inflammation. Moreover, TRIM8 knockdown or miR-665-3p overexpression blocked OGD-induced activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in microglial cells. In addition, TRIM8 overexpression partially reversed the miR-665-3p overexpression-mediated inhibitory effect on OGD-induced inflammation in microglial cells. Taken together, these results indicate that miR-665-3p up-regulation protects microglial cells from OGD-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response by targeting TRIM8 to inhibit NF-κB signaling.
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15
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Han X, Wang C, Tang D, Shi Y, Gao M. Association of genetic polymorphisms in chromosome 9p21 with risk of ischemic stroke. Cytokine 2020; 127:154921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Li LZ, Huang YY, Yang ZH, Zhang SJ, Han ZP, Luo YM. Potential microglia-based interventions for stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:288-296. [PMID: 32064759 PMCID: PMC7052807 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of families worldwide suffer from the physical and mental burden posed by stroke. An increasing number of studies aimed at the prevention and treatment of stroke have been conducted. Specifically, manipulating the immune response to stroke is under intense investigation. Microglia are the principal immune cells in the brain and are the first line of defense against the pathophysiology induced by stroke. Increasing evidence has suggested that microglia play diverse roles that depend on dynamic interactions with neurons, astrocytes, and other neighboring cells both in the normal brain and under pathological conditions, including stroke. Moreover, there are dynamic alterations in microglial functions with respect to aging and sex differences in the human brain, which offer a deep understanding of the conditions of stroke patients of different ages and sex. Hence, we review the dynamic microglial reactions caused by aging, sex, and crosstalk with neighboring cells both in normal conditions and after stroke and relevant potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zhi Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-You Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Min Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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