1
|
Grafe L, Miller KE, Ross RJ, Bhatnagar S. The importance of REM sleep fragmentation in the effects of stress on sleep: Perspectives from preclinical studies. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 28:100588. [PMID: 38075023 PMCID: PMC10709081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress poses a risk for sleep disturbances. Importantly, trauma-exposed individuals who develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently report insomnia and recurrent nightmares. Clinical studies have provided insight into the mechanisms of these sleep disturbances. We review polysomnographic findings in PTSD and identify analogous measures that have been made in animal models of PTSD. There is a rich empirical and theoretical literature on rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) substrates of insomnia and nightmares, with an emphasis on REMS fragmentation. For future investigations of stress-induced sleep changes, we recommend a focus on tonic, phasic and other microarchitectural REMS measures. Power spectral density analysis of the sleep EEG should also be utilized. Animal models with high construct validity can provide insight into gender and time following stressor exposure as moderating variables. Ultimately, preclinical studies with translational potential will lead to improved treatment for stress-related sleep disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grafe
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, USA
| | | | - Richard J. Ross
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seema Bhatnagar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vaseghi S, Zarrabian S, Haghparast A. Reviewing the role of the orexinergic system and stressors in modulating mood and reward-related behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104516. [PMID: 34973302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review study, we aimed to introduce the orexinergic system as an important signaling pathway involved in a variety of cognitive functions such as memory, motivation, and reward-related behaviors. This study focused on the role of orexinergic system in modulating reward-related behavior, with or without the presence of stressors. Cross-talk between the reward system and orexinergic signaling was also investigated, especially orexinergic signaling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and the hippocampus. Furthermore, we discussed the role of the orexinergic system in modulating mood states and mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, panic, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we narrowed down our focus on the orexinergic signaling in three brain regions: the VTA, NAc, and the hippocampus (CA1 region and dentate gyrus) for their prominent role in reward-related behaviors and memory. It was concluded that the orexinergic system is critically involved in reward-related behavior and significantly alters stress responses and stress-related psychiatric and mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahram Zarrabian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng Y, Yang T, Wang H, Yang C, Cheng L, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. Recent Progress on Photocatalytic Synthesis of Ester Derivatives and Reaction Mechanisms. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:42. [PMID: 34668085 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Esters and their derivatives are distributed widely in natural products, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and other fields. Esters are important building blocks in pharmaceuticals such as clopidogrel, methylphenidate, fenofibrate, travoprost, prasugrel, oseltamivir, eszopiclone and fluticasone. Therefore, esterification reaction becomes more and more popular in the photochemical field. In this review, we highlight three types of reactions to synthesize esters using photochemical strategies. The reaction mechanisms involve mainly single electron transfer, energy transfer or other radical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| |
Collapse
|