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Mitchell ME, Torrijos G, Cook LF, Mwirigi JM, He L, Shiers S, Price TJ. Interleukin-6 induces nascent protein synthesis in human dorsal root ganglion nociceptors primarily via MNK-eIF4E signaling. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2024; 16:100159. [PMID: 39156884 PMCID: PMC11327947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2024.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Plasticity of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors in the peripheral nervous system requires new protein synthesis. This plasticity is believed to be responsible for the physiological changes seen in DRG nociceptors in animal models of chronic pain. Experiments in human DRG (hDRG) neurons also support this hypothesis, but a direct observation of nascent protein synthesis in response to a pain promoting substance, like interleukin-6 (IL-6), has not been measured in these neurons. To fill this gap in knowledge, we used acutely prepared human DRG explants from organ donors. These explants provide a physiologically relevant microenvironment, closer to in vivo conditions, allowing for the examination of functional alterations in DRG neurons reflective of human neuropathophysiology. Using this newly developed assay, we demonstrate upregulation of the target of the MNK1/2 kinases, phosphorylated eIF4E (p-eIF4E), and nascently synthesized proteins in a substantial subset of hDRG neurons following exposure to IL-6. To pinpoint the specific molecular mechanisms driving this IL-6-driven increase in nascent proteins, we used the specific MNK1/2 inhibitor eFT508. Treatment with eFT508 resulted in the inhibition of IL-6-induced increases in p-eIF4E and nascent proteins. Additionally, using TRPV1 as a marker for nociceptors, we found that these effects occurred in a large number of human nociceptors. Our findings provide clear evidence that IL-6 drives nascent protein synthesis in human TRPV1+ nociceptors primarily via MNK1/2-eIF4E signaling. The work links animal findings to human nociception, creates a framework for additional hDRG signaling experiments, and substantiates the continued development of MNK inhibitors for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lauren F. Cook
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Juliet M. Mwirigi
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Lucy He
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Stephanie Shiers
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Franco-Enzástiga Ú, Natarajan K, David ET, Patel K, Ravirala A, Price TJ. Vinorelbine causes a neuropathic pain-like state in mice via STING and MNK1 signaling associated with type I interferon induction. iScience 2024; 27:108808. [PMID: 38303713 PMCID: PMC10831286 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) increase the excitability of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) neurons via MNK-eIF4E signaling to promote pain sensitization in mice. Activation of stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING) signaling is pivotal for type I IFN induction. We hypothesized that vinorelbine, a chemotherapeutic and activator of STING, would cause a neuropathic pain-like state in mice via STING signaling in DRG neurons associated with IFN production. Vinorelbine caused tactile allodynia and grimacing in wild-type (WT) mice and increased p-IRF3, type I IFNs, and p-eIF4E in peripheral nerves. Supporting our hypothesis, vinorelbine failed to induce IRF3-IFNs-MNK-eIF4E in StingGt/Gt mice and, subsequently, failed to cause pain. The vinorelbine-elicited increase of p-eIF4E was not observed in Mknk1-/- (MNK1 knockout) mice in peripheral nerves consistent with the attenuated pro-nociceptive effect of vinorelbine in these mice. Our findings show that activation of STING signaling in the periphery causes a neuropathic pain-like state through type I IFN signaling to DRG nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úrzula Franco-Enzástiga
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Keerthana Natarajan
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Eric T. David
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Krish Patel
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Abhira Ravirala
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Garrity R, Arora N, Haque MA, Weis D, Trinh RT, Neerukonda SV, Kumari S, Cortez I, Ubogu EE, Mahalingam R, Tavares-Ferreira D, Price TJ, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, Shepherd AJ. Fibroblast-derived PI16 sustains inflammatory pain via regulation of CD206 + myeloid cells. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 112:220-234. [PMID: 37315702 PMCID: PMC10527931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally identified in fibroblasts, Protease Inhibitor (PI)16 was recently shown to be crucial for the development of neuropathic pain via effects on blood-nerve barrier permeability and leukocyte infiltration, though its impact on inflammatory pain has not been established. Using the complete Freund's Adjuvant inflammatory pain model, we show that Pi16-/- mice are protected against sustained inflammatory pain. Accordingly, intrathecal delivery of a PI16 neutralizing antibody in wild-type mice prevented sustained CFA pain. In contrast to neuropathic pain models, we did not observe any changes in blood-nerve barrier permeability due to PI16 deletion. Instead, Pi16-/- mice display reduced macrophage density in the CFA-injected hindpaw. Furthermore, there was a significant bias toward CD206hi (anti-inflammatory) macrophages in the hindpaw and associated dorsal root ganglia. Following CFA, intrathecal depletion of CD206+ macrophages using mannosylated clodronate liposomes promoted sustained pain in Pi16-/- mice. Similarly, an IL-10 neutralizing antibody also promoted sustained CFA pain in the Pi16-/ when administered intrathecally. Collectively, our results point to fibroblast-derived PI16 mediating substantial differences in macrophage phenotype in the pain neuroaxis under conditions of inflammation. The co-expression of PI16 alongside fibroblast markers in human DRG raise the likelihood that a similar mechanism operates in human inflammatory pain states. Collectively, our findings may have implications for targeting fibroblast-immune cell crosstalk for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Garrity
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Neha Arora
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Drew Weis
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ronnie T Trinh
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sanjay V Neerukonda
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Susmita Kumari
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ibdanelo Cortez
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eroboghene E Ubogu
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, UK
| | - Rajasekaran Mahalingam
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diana Tavares-Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Theodore J Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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Franco-Enzástiga Ú, Natarajan K, David ET, Patel KJ, Ravirala A, Price TJ. Vinorelbine causes a neuropathic pain-like state in mice via STING and MNK1 signaling associated with type I interferon induction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.03.543579. [PMID: 37333411 PMCID: PMC10274710 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.03.543579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) increase the excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons via activation of MNK-eIF4E translation signaling to promote pain sensitization in mice. Activation of STING signaling is a key component of type I IFN induction. Manipulation of STING signaling is an active area of investigation in cancer and other therapeutic areas. Vinorelbine is a chemotherapeutic that activates STING and has been shown to cause pain and neuropathy in oncology clinical trials in patients. There are conflicting reports on whether STING signaling promotes or inhibits pain in mice. We hypothesized that vinorelbine would cause a neuropathic pain-like state in mice via STING and signaling pathways in DRG neurons associated with type I IFN induction. Vinorelbine (10 mg/kg, i.v.) induced tactile allodynia and grimacing in WT male and female mice and increased p-IRF3 and type I IFN protein in peripheral nerves. In support of our hypothesis, vinorelbine-mediated pain was absent in male and female StingGt/Gt mice. Vinorelbine also failed to induce IRF3 and type I IFN signaling in these mice. Since type I IFNs engage translational control via MNK1-eIF4E in DRG nociceptors, we assessed vinorelbine-mediated p-eIF4E changes. Vinorelbine increased p-eIF4E in DRG in WT animals but not in StingGt/Gt or Mknk1-/- (MNK1 KO) mice. Consistent with these biochemical findings, vinorelbine had an attenuated pro-nociceptive effect in male and female MNK1 KO mice. Our findings support the conclusion that activation of STING signaling in the peripheral nervous system causes a neuropathic pain-like state that is mediated by type I IFN signaling to DRG nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úrzula Franco-Enzástiga
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Keerthana Natarajan
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Eric T. David
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Krish J. Patel
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Abhira Ravirala
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
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