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Gómez-López VM, Viramontes-Pintos A, Ontiveros-Torres MÁ, Garcés-Ramírez L, de la Cruz F, Villanueva-Fierro I, Bravo-Muñoz M, Harrington CR, Martínez-Robles S, Yescas P, Guadarrama-Ortíz P, Hernandes-Alejandro M, Montiel-Sosa F, Pacheco-Herrero M, Luna-Muñoz J. Tau Protein Phosphorylated at Threonine-231 is Expressed Abundantly in the Cerebellum in Prion Encephalopathies. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:769-785. [PMID: 33814431 PMCID: PMC8203236 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are rare neurodegenerative disorders that affect animals and humans. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, and Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease (CJD) in humans belong to this group. The causative agent of TSEs is called “prion”, which corresponds to a pathological form (PrPSc) of a normal cellular protein (PrPC) expressed in nerve cells. PrPSc is resistant to degradation and can induce abnormal folding of PrPC, and TSEs are characterized by extensive spongiosis and gliosis and the presence of PrPSc amyloid plaques. CJD presents initially with clinical symptoms similar to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In AD, tau aggregates and amyloid-β protein plaques are associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment in patients. Objective: In this work, we study the role of tau and its relationship with PrPSc plaques in CJD. Methods: Multiple immunostainings with specific antibodies were carried out and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results: We found increased expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), and an exacerbated apoptosis in the granular layer in cases with prion disease. In these cases, tau protein phosphorylated at Thr-231 was overexpressed in the axons and dendrites of Purkinje cells and the extensions of parallel fibers in the cerebellum. Conclusion: We conclude that phosphorylation of tau may be a response to a toxic and inflammatory environment generated by the pathological form of prion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vıctor Manuel Gómez-López
- National Dementia BioBank. Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitlán, UNAM, Estado de México, México.,Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, CINVESTAV, CDMX, México
| | - Amparo Viramontes-Pintos
- National Dementia BioBank. Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitlán, UNAM, Estado de México, México
| | | | - Linda Garcés-Ramírez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - Fidel de la Cruz
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | | | - Marely Bravo-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank. Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitlán, UNAM, Estado de México, México
| | - Charles R Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sandra Martínez-Robles
- National Dementia BioBank. Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitlán, UNAM, Estado de México, México
| | - Petra Yescas
- Genética, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velazco Suerez" CDMX, México
| | - Parménides Guadarrama-Ortíz
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias, México, (CENNM), CDMX, México
| | - Mario Hernandes-Alejandro
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Gustavo A. Madero, México
| | - Francisco Montiel-Sosa
- National Dementia BioBank. Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitlán, UNAM, Estado de México, México
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - José Luna-Muñoz
- National Dementia BioBank. Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Cuautitlán, UNAM, Estado de México, México.,National Brain Bank. Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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Fragoso DC, Gonçalves Filho ALDM, Pacheco FT, Barros BR, Aguiar Littig I, Nunes RH, Maia Júnior ACM, da Rocha AJ. Imaging of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Imaging Patterns and Their Differential Diagnosis. Radiographics 2017; 37:234-257. [PMID: 28076012 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) remains a challenge because of the large variability of the clinical scenario, especially in its early stages, which may mimic several reversible or treatable disorders. The molecular basis of prion disease, as well as its brain propagation and the pathogenesis of the illness, have become better understood in recent decades. Several reports have listed recognizable clinical features and paraclinical tests to supplement the replicable diagnostic criteria in vivo. Nevertheless, we lack specific data about the differential diagnosis of CJD at imaging, mainly regarding those disorders evolving with similar clinical features (mimicking disorders). This review provides an update on the neuroimaging patterns of sCJD, emphasizing the relevance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, summarizing the clinical scenario and molecular basis of the disease, and highlighting clinical, genetic, and imaging correlations in different subtypes of prion diseases. A long list of differential diagnoses produces a comprehensive pictorial review, with the aim of enabling radiologists to identify typical and atypical patterns of sCJD. This review reinforces distinguishable imaging findings and confirms diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) features as pivotal in the diagnostic workup of sCJD, as these findings enable radiologists to reliably recognize this rare but invariably lethal disease. A probable diagnosis is justified when expected MR imaging patterns are demonstrated and CJD-mimicking disorders are confidently ruled out. ©RSNA, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardoso Fragoso
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Serviço de Diagnostico por Imagem, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Cesario Motta Jr. 112, Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo-SP 01221-020, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., B.R.B., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.); and Division of Neuroradiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Sao Paulo, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.)
| | - Augusto Lio da Mota Gonçalves Filho
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Serviço de Diagnostico por Imagem, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Cesario Motta Jr. 112, Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo-SP 01221-020, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., B.R.B., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.); and Division of Neuroradiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Sao Paulo, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.)
| | - Felipe Torres Pacheco
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Serviço de Diagnostico por Imagem, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Cesario Motta Jr. 112, Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo-SP 01221-020, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., B.R.B., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.); and Division of Neuroradiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Sao Paulo, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.)
| | - Bernardo Rodi Barros
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Serviço de Diagnostico por Imagem, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Cesario Motta Jr. 112, Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo-SP 01221-020, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., B.R.B., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.); and Division of Neuroradiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Sao Paulo, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.)
| | - Ingrid Aguiar Littig
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Serviço de Diagnostico por Imagem, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Cesario Motta Jr. 112, Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo-SP 01221-020, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., B.R.B., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.); and Division of Neuroradiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Sao Paulo, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.)
| | - Renato Hoffmann Nunes
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Serviço de Diagnostico por Imagem, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Cesario Motta Jr. 112, Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo-SP 01221-020, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., B.R.B., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.); and Division of Neuroradiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Sao Paulo, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.)
| | - Antônio Carlos Martins Maia Júnior
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Serviço de Diagnostico por Imagem, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Cesario Motta Jr. 112, Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo-SP 01221-020, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., B.R.B., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.); and Division of Neuroradiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Sao Paulo, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.)
| | - Antonio J da Rocha
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Serviço de Diagnostico por Imagem, Santa Casa de Misericordia de Sao Paulo, Rua Dr. Cesario Motta Jr. 112, Vila Buarque, Sao Paulo-SP 01221-020, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., B.R.B., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.); and Division of Neuroradiology, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Sao Paulo, Brazil (D.C.F., A.L.d.M.G.F., F.T.P., I.A.L., R.H.N., A.C.M.M.J., A.J.d.R.)
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Shi Q, Gao C, Zhou W, Zhang BY, Chen JM, Tian C, Jiang HY, Han J, Xiang NJ, Wang XF, Gao YJ, Dong XP. Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in China from 2006 to 2007. BMC Public Health 2008; 8:360. [PMID: 18928564 PMCID: PMC2596798 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (HTSE), or Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), is a group of rare and fatal diseases in central nervous system. Since outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant CJD, a worldwide CJD surveillance network has been established under the proposition of WHO. In China, a national CJD surveillance system has started since 2002. The data of CJD surveillance from 2006 to 2007 was analyzed. Methods Total 12 provinces are included in CJD surveillance system. The surveillance unit in each province consists of one or two sentinel hospitals and the provincial CDC. All suspected CJD cases reported from CJD surveillance were diagnosed and subtyped based on the diagnostic criteria for CJD issued by WHO. Results Total 192 suspected CJD cases were reported and 5 genetic CJD, 51 probable and 30 possible sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases were diagnosed. The collected sCJD cases distribute sporadically without geographical clustering and seasonal relativity and the highest incidences in both probable and possible sCJD cases appeared in the group of 60–69 year. The most common three foremost symptoms were progressive dementia, cerebellum and mental-related symptoms. The probable sCJD patients owning both typical EEG alteration and CSF protein 14-3-3 positive have more characteristic clinical syndromes than the ones having only one positive. The polymorphisms of codon 129 of all tested reported cases shows typical patterns of Han Chinese as previous reports, that M129M are predominant whereas M129V are seldom. Conclusion Chinese CJD patients possessed similar epidemiological and clinical characteristics as worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100 Ying-Xin Rd, Beijing 100052, PR China.
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