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Platho-Elwischger K, Schmoeger M, Willinger U, Abdel-Aziz C, Algner J, Pretscherer S, Auff E, Kranz G, Turnbull O, Sycha T. Cognitive Performance After Facial Botulinum Toxin Treatment in a Cohort of Neurologic Patients: An Exploratory Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:402-408. [PMID: 34496270 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate higher cognitive functions after mimicry changes after facial botulinum toxin (BTX) injections, we tested verbal and nonverbal reasoning in patients with blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm before and after their long-term botulinum toxin treatment. DESIGN Explorative, nonrandomized, clinical trial. SETTING Patients receiving ambulatory care and control participants from the general community. PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample (N=84) of patients (n=21) with blepharospasm or hemifacial spasm who received facial BTX injections. Control participants included patients (n=30) with cervical dystonia who received cervical BTX injections and individuals without neurological disorders (n=33). INTERVENTIONS The 2 groups receiving injections were tested before and 3 weeks after their treatment. The group without neurological disorders received no injections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Verbal and nonverbal reasoning scores. RESULTS The key unexpected finding was that patients who received facial BTX injections perform significantly worse in nonverbal reasoning tasks, when compared with those who did not receive injections (P=.022). There was no significant difference in the baseline reasoning scores and at follow-up for verbal reasoning between the 3 groups. There was no correlation between toxin dose and reasoning scores (verbal: P=.132; nonverbal: P=.294). CONCLUSIONS Because of potential confounders, the results do not yet allow any conclusion on causality. Further research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Platho-Elwischger
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ulrike Willinger
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Algner
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Eduard Auff
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Kranz
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Rehabilitation Center Rosenhuegel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Turnbull
- School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Sycha
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Denyer R, Morris SR, Greeley B, Ferris JK, White K, Laule C, Boyd LA, Weber RC. Learning-Challenged Youth Show an Abnormal Relationship Between Fronto-Parietal Myelination and Mathematical Ability. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:648-657. [PMID: 32533740 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Differences in the microstructure of fronto-parietal white matter tracts have been associated with mathematical achievement. However, much of the supporting evidence relies on nonspecific diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, making it difficult to isolate the role of myelin in math ability. METHODS We used myelin water imaging to measure brain myelin. We related myelin water fraction (MWF) to Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ-III) basic math scores using region of interest (ROI) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses, in 14 typically developing and 36 learning challenged youth aged 9-17 years. RESULTS The ROI analysis found a positive relationship between fronto-parietal MWF and math in typically developing youth, but not in learning challenged youth. The relationship between fronto-parietal MWF and math observed in typically developing youth was fully mediated by age. No group differences in fronto-parietal MWF were found between typically developing and learning challenged youth. TBSS also found no group differences in MWF values. TBSS indicated math-MWF relationships extend beyond fronto-parietal tracts to descending and ascending projection tracts in typically developing youth. TBSS identified math-MWF relationships in the cerebral peduncles of learning challenged youth. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in typically developing youth, brain myelination contributes to individual differences in basic math achievement. In contrast, youth with learning challenges appear to have less capacity to leverage myelin to improve math achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Denyer
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah R Morris
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Greeley
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer K Ferris
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katherine White
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cornelia Laule
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rachel C Weber
- Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Woodburn M, Rajagopal A, Versace AL, Kowatch RA, Bertocci MA, Bebko G, Almeida JRC, Perlman SB, Travis MJ, Gill MK, Bonar L, Schirda C, Diwadkar VA, Sunshine JL, Birmaher B, Axelson D, Gerry Taylor H, Horwitz SM, Frazier T, Eugene Arnold L, Fristad MA, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL, Phillips ML, Holland SK. Decreased functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal network in children with mood disorders compared to children with dyslexia during rest: An fMRI study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:582-590. [PMID: 29845006 PMCID: PMC5964829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The DSM-5 separates the diagnostic criteria for mood and behavioral disorders. Both types of disorders share neurocognitive deficits of executive function and reading difficulties in childhood. Children with dyslexia also have executive function deficits, revealing a role of executive function circuitry in reading. The aim of the current study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship of functional connectivity within the fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular cognitive control networks to reading measures for children with mood disorders, behavioral disorders, dyslexia, and healthy controls (HC). Method Behavioral reading measures of phonological awareness, decoding, and orthography were collected. Resting state fMRI data were collected, preprocessed, and then analyzed for functional connectivity. Differences in the reading measures were tested for significance among the groups. Global efficiency (GE) measures were also tested for correlation with reading measures in 40 children with various disorders and 17 HCs. Results Significant differences were found between the four groups on all reading measures. Relative to HCs and children with mood disorders or behavior disorders, children with dyslexia as a primary diagnosis scored significantly lower on all three reading measures. Children with mood disorders scored significantly lower than controls on a test of phonological awareness. Phonological awareness deficits correlated with reduced resting state functional connectivity MRI (rsfcMRI) in the cingulo-opercular network for children with dyslexia. A significant difference was also found in fronto-parietal global efficiency in children with mood disorders relative to the other three groups. We also found a significant difference in cingulo-opercular global efficiency in children with mood disorders relative to the Dyslexia and Control groups. However, none of these differences correlate significantly with reading measures. Conclusions/significance Reading difficulties involve abnormalities in different cognitive control networks in children with dyslexia compared to children with mood disorders. Findings of the current study suggest increased functional connectivity of one cognitive control network may compensate for reduced functional connectivity in the other network in children with mood disorders. These findings provide guidance to clinical professionals for design of interventions tailored for children suffering from reading difficulties originating from different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States; Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Israel.
| | - Mackenzie Woodburn
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Akila Rajagopal
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Amelia L Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Robert A Kowatch
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Michele A Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Jorge R C Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Susan B Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Michael J Travis
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mary Kay Gill
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Lisa Bonar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Claudiu Schirda
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Sunshine
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - David Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Sarah M Horwitz
- Department of Child Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Thomas Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Mary A Fristad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, United States
| | - Eric A Youngstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Robert L Findling
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Scott K Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, United States
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