1
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Kim GW, Park JI, Yang JC. Brain morphological changes and functional neuroanatomy related to cognitive and emotional distractors during working memory maintenance in post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Res Bull 2024; 211:110946. [PMID: 38614407 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with abnormalities in the processing and regulation of emotion as well as cognitive deficits. This study evaluated the differential brain activation patterns associated with cognitive and emotional distractors during working memory (WM) maintenance for human faces between patients with PTSD and healthy controls (HCs) and assessed the relationship between changes in the activation patterns by the opposing effects of distraction types and gray matter volume (GMV). Twenty-two patients with PTSD and twenty-two HCs underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and event-related functional MRI (fMRI), respectively. Event-related fMRI data were recorded while subjects performed a delayed-response WM task with human face and trauma-related distractors. Compared to the HCs, the patients with PTSD showed significantly reduced GMV of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). For the human face distractor trial, the patients showed significantly decreased activities in the superior frontal gyrus and IFG compared with HCs (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). The patients showed lower accuracy scores and slower reaction times for the face recognition task with trauma-related distractors compared with HCs as well as significantly increased brain activity in the STG during the trauma-related distractor trial was observed (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). Such differential brain activation patterns associated with the effects of distraction in PTSD patients may be linked to neural mechanisms associated with impairments in both cognitive control for confusable distractors and the ability to control emotional distraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Won Kim
- Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Richardson T, Egglishaw A, Sood M. Does Childhood Trauma Predict Impulsive Spending in Later Life? An Analysis of the Mediating Roles of Impulsivity and Emotion Regulation. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:275-281. [PMID: 38938974 PMCID: PMC11199441 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
We sought to investigate whether adverse childhood experiences increase impulsive spending in later life, and whether emotion dysregulation and impulsivity mediate this association. Limited research has examined associations between these factors, and examining the mechanisms involved may inform interventions for impulsive spending. This study used a cross-sectional, correlational design including 189 adult participants who completed an online survey assessing childhood trauma, adverse childhood experiences, impulsive spending, impulsivity, and emotion dysregulation. Greater adverse childhood experiences and childhood trauma were positively correlated with impulsive spending, as well as general impulsivity and emotion dysregulation. Mediation analyses indicated that emotion dysregulation and greater impulsivity accounted for the positive relationship between childhood trauma and impulse spending. Adverse childhood experiences and childhood trauma are associated with increased risk of impulse spending in adulthood via elevated general impulsivity and emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Richardson
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Building 44, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ England, UK
| | - Annelise Egglishaw
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Building 44, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ England, UK
| | - Monica Sood
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Building 44, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ England, UK
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3
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Hedrick MJ, Bonnagio T, Sellers EW, Clements AD. The cognitive tasks and event-related potentials associated childhood adversity: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105573. [PMID: 38331129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In this systematic review, 18 articles met inclusion criteria to be qualitatively analyzed for converging evidence of brain activity, measured using event-related potential (ERP), related to retrospectively reported childhood adversity/trauma. Using the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews, 917 articles were assessed for inclusion and were filtered using study parameters. The most common ERP components listed in the literature were P100, N170, N200, P200, P300, ERN, and LPP. We discuss levels of evidence for changed brain activity, each ERP component, and the tasks used to evoke them. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was found to be the most commonly cited measure. We note the need to assess the duration and intensity of childhood adversity/trauma measurements in the strengths and limitations of the reported childhood adversity/trauma measurements. No concrete converging evidence was found to support a relationship between ERP-measured brain activity and retrospectively reported childhood adversity/trauma. Thus, a discussion of limitations and future directions for this field of research is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Jo Hedrick
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, USA.
| | | | - Eric W Sellers
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, USA
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4
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Victor TS, Jacquet B, El Massioui F. Exploring stress response's role in executive function impairments among adults with early adverse childhood experiences. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4081. [PMID: 38374227 PMCID: PMC10876952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are recognised as precursors to numerous physical and mental health challenges. However, research on their impact on inhibitory control and working memory, particularly among healthy young adults, remains limited. The role played by the stress response as a moderator in these effects is likewise underexplored. Our study addresses this gap by examining cognitive impairments in non-clinical adults with early childhood trauma, specifically trauma before the age of 13 years, and by assessing the influence of the stress response on these effects. A total of 15 participants with early ACEs were compared with a control group (n = 18) using the Corsi Block Tapping Test (CBTT) and Stroop Word Colour Test (SCWT). Results showed that participants with early ACEs exhibited lower scores on the SCWT but not the CBTT. The stress response emerged as a potential factor in the relationship between early ACEs and cognitive performance. The implications of these findings are then discussed in relation to the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taïna Steevine Victor
- Université Paris 8, UFR Psychologie, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.
- Laboratoire Cognition Humaine et Artificielle (CHArt, RNSR 200515259U), 93322, Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Baptiste Jacquet
- Université Paris 8, UFR Psychologie, 93200, Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire Cognition Humaine et Artificielle (CHArt, RNSR 200515259U), 93322, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Farid El Massioui
- Université Paris 8, UFR Psychologie, 93200, Saint-Denis, France
- Laboratoire Cognition Humaine et Artificielle (CHArt, RNSR 200515259U), 93322, Aubervilliers, France
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5
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Miller LN, Forbes D, McFarlane AC, Lawrence-Wood E, Simmons JG, Felmingham K. Cumulative trauma load and timing of trauma prior to military deployment differentially influences inhibitory control processing across deployment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21414. [PMID: 38049477 PMCID: PMC10696090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Military personnel experience high trauma load that can change brain circuitry leading to impaired inhibitory control and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Inhibitory control processing may be particularly vulnerable to developmental and interpersonal trauma. This study examines the differential role of cumulative pre-deployment trauma and timing of trauma on inhibitory control using the Go/NoGo paradigm in a military population. The Go/NoGo paradigm was administered to 166 predominately male army combat personnel at pre- and post-deployment. Linear mixed models analyze cumulative trauma, trauma onset, and post-deployment PTSD symptoms on NoGo-N2 and NoGo-P3 amplitude and latency across deployment. Here we report, NoGo-N2 amplitude increases and NoGo-P3 amplitude and latency decreases in those with high prior interpersonal trauma across deployment. Increases in NoGo-P3 amplitude following adolescent-onset trauma and NoGo-P3 latency following childhood-onset and adolescent-onset trauma are seen across deployment. Arousal symptoms positively correlated with conflict monitoring. Our findings support the cumulative trauma load and sensitive period of trauma exposure models for inhibitory control processing in a military population. High cumulative interpersonal trauma impacts conflict monitoring and response suppression and increases PTSD symptoms whereas developmental trauma differentially impacts response suppression. This research highlights the need for tailored strategies for strengthening inhibitory control, and that consider timing and type of trauma in military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Miller
- Melbourne School of Psychological Science, Trauma Anxiety and Stress Lab, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - David Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Phoenix Australia, Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander C McFarlane
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ellie Lawrence-Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Phoenix Australia, Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Science, Trauma Anxiety and Stress Lab, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kim Felmingham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Science, Trauma Anxiety and Stress Lab, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, Redmond Barry Building, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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6
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Jin X, Xu B, Xu R, Yin X, Yan S, Zhang Y, Jin H. The influence of childhood emotional neglect experience on brain dynamic functional connectivity in young adults. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2258723. [PMID: 37736668 PMCID: PMC10519269 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2258723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood emotional neglect (CEN) confers a great risk for developing multiple psychiatric disorders; however, the neural basis for this association remains unknown. Using a dynamic functional connectivity approach, this study aimed to examine the effects of CEN experience on functional brain networks in young adults.Method: In total, 21 healthy young adults with CEN experience and 26 without childhood trauma experience were recruited. The childhood trauma experience was assessed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), and eligible participants underwent resting-state functional MRI. Sliding windows and k-means clustering were used to identify temporal features of large-scale functional connectivity states (frequency, mean dwell time, and transition numbers).Result: Dynamic analysis revealed two separate connection states: state 1 was more frequent and characterized by extensive weak connections between the brain regions. State 2 was relatively infrequent and characterized by extensive strong connections between the brain regions. Compared to the control group, the CEN group had a longer mean dwell time in state 1 and significantly decreased transition numbers between states 1 and 2.Conclusion: The CEN experience affects the temporal properties of young adults' functional brain connectivity. Young adults with CEN experience tend to be stable in state 1 (extensive weak connections between the brain regions), reducing transitions between states, and reflecting impaired metastability or functional network flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruitong Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Yin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shizhen Yan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Xu B, Wei S, Yin X, Jin X, Yan S, Jia L. The relationship between childhood emotional neglect experience and depressive symptoms and prefrontal resting functional connections in college students: The mediating role of reappraisal strategy. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:927389. [PMID: 36969801 PMCID: PMC10037214 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.927389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood emotional neglect (CEN) has a relatively high incidence rate and substantially adverse effects. Many studies have found that CEN is closely related to emotion regulation and depression symptoms. Besides, the functional activity of the prefrontal lobe may also be related to them. However, the relationships between the above variables have not been thoroughly studied. This study recruited two groups of college students, namely, those with primary CEN (neglect group) and those without childhood trauma (control group), to explore the relationships among CEN, adulthood emotion regulation, depressive symptoms, and prefrontal resting functional connections. The methods used in this study included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The results showed that compared with the control group, the neglect group utilized the reappraisal strategy less frequently and displayed more depressive symptoms. The prefrontal functional connections with other brain regions in the neglect group were more robust than those in the control group using less stringent multiple correction standards. Across the two groups, the functional connection strength between the right orbitofrontal gyrus and the right middle frontal gyrus significantly negatively correlated with the ERQ reappraisal score and positively correlated with the BDI-II total score; the ERQ reappraisal score wholly mediated the relationship between the functional connection strength and the BDI-II total score. It suggests that primary CEN may closely correlate with more depressive symptoms in adulthood. Furthermore, the more robust spontaneous activity of the prefrontal lobe may also be closely associated with more depressive symptoms by utilizing a reappraisal strategy less frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- *Correspondence: Bin Xu ✉
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8
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Jin X, Xu B, Lin H, Chen J, Xu R, Jin H. The influence of childhood emotional neglect on emotional face processing in young adults. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 232:103814. [PMID: 36527819 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood emotional neglect (CEN) refers to a failure to meet the basic emotional needs of a child, which can seriously impact interpersonal communication and psychological health in young adults. Emotional face processing is critical in interpersonal communication; however, whether CEN affects this processing in young adults has not been investigated. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the effects of CEN on emotional face processing in young adults. Using the Child Trauma Questionnaire, an online survey was conducted with 5010 students from four universities in Tianjin, China. After online interviews and diagnosis by professional doctors, we obtained 20 participants with CEN (CEN group) and 20 without CEN (control group). None of the participants had any mental diseases. A 2 × 4 mixed design was used to investigate the differences in accuracy and response time when identifying the valence of the emotional faces. Compared to the control group, the CEN group identified the valence of all emotional faces more slowly, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of accuracy. CEN caused delayed emotional face processing in young adults, which may be related to unresponsive, unavailable, and limited emotional interaction patterns between parents and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Huiyan Lin
- Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou 510521, China
| | - Juntao Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ruitong Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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9
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Age-related no-go P300 amplitudes are moderated by exposure to early-life stress. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 180:1-9. [PMID: 35820509 PMCID: PMC9815473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in inhibitory control are common with advancing age and may underlie declines in other complex cognitive functions. The inhibitory P300 event-related potential (ERP) generally decreases in amplitude with age, reflecting deficits in inhibitory performance evaluation and adaptation, with possible generators including precentral and inferior frontal gyri and midcingulate and parietal cortex. Exposure to early-life stress (ELS) is also associated with deficits in inhibitory control, smaller P300 amplitudes, and dysfunction in regions associated with P300 generation. Although biopsychosocial effects of ELS are evident in older adulthood, the influence of ELS on neural processes in later life is unknown. In the current study, 13 young adults and 21 healthy older adults completed a high-accuracy go/no-go task and the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ), an indicator of ELS. Regression analyses revealed significant central-parietal models, with smaller P300 amplitudes predicted by both older age and greater exposure to ELS. Age group*ELS interactions moderated P300 prediction at central and centro-parietal electrodes, such that older age predicted smaller P300 amplitudes only in those with lower to moderate ELS. Amplitudes did not significantly differ by age in those with higher ELS. Post-hoc within-age group correlations showed that greater ELS was associated with smaller P300 amplitudes in young adults. However, greater ELS was modestly associated with larger central amplitudes in older adults, potentially suggestive of anterior age-related compensatory recruitment to maintain high task performance. These findings suggest long-lasting neural implications of ELS that interact with normative neuro-cognitive aging processes, such that ELS may be an important risk factor for age-related cognitive decline.
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10
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van Bentum JS, Sijbrandij M, Saueressig F, Huibers MJ. The association between childhood maltreatment and suicidal intrusions: A cross-sectional study. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:1273-1281. [PMID: 35285097 PMCID: PMC9542979 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment may play an important role in the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behavior. Recently, research has begun evaluating the association between childhood maltreatment and involuntary and distressing intrusions about one's own suicide, also called suicidal intrusions. This cross-sectional, multicenter study aimed to investigate the association between childhood maltreatment and the severity of suicidal intrusions using online questionnaires. Participants were suicidal outpatients currently receiving treatment at a Dutch mental health institution (N = 149). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and Suicidal Intrusions Attributes Scale were administered online. A simple linear regression was performed followed by a multiple linear regression with backward selection to separate the predictors of childhood maltreatment subscales. Next, significant predictor variables were used to perform an additional regression analysis with gender, age, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis, and depressive symptoms as potential covariates. The results showed that childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with suicidal intrusion scores, B = .22, t(147) = 2.010, p = .046. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the only specific form of childhood maltreatment associated with suicidal intrusions was sexual abuse; the association remained after controlling for age, gender, PTSD diagnosis and depressive symptoms, F(5, 143) = 11.15, p < .001. In summary, the present study confirms the link between childhood maltreatment, particularly childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal intrusions. This finding implies that in the treatment of suicidal intrusions and suicidality, childhood sexual abuse should be identified and targeted with evidence-based treatments for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaël S. van Bentum
- Department of Clinical Neuro and Developmental PsychologyAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical Neuro and Developmental PsychologyAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological InterventionsVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Fenna Saueressig
- Department of Clinical Neuro and Developmental PsychologyAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcus J.H. Huibers
- Department of Clinical Neuro and Developmental PsychologyAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of PsychologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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11
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Bryant RA, Tran J, Williamson T, Korgaonkar MS. Neural processes during response inhibition in complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:307-314. [PMID: 34964209 DOI: 10.1002/da.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common feature of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is impulsivity. Despite the importance of this characteristic in functional difficulties in CPTSD, little is known about its mechanisms. The aim of this study was to identify the distinctive neural profile of CPTSD during attempted inhibition. METHODS The present study examined functional alterations in neural networks involved in inhibitory control across functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) paradigms in CPTSD (n = 30), PTSD (n = 40), and healthy control (n = 40) participants who completed a Go/NoGo response inhibition task during separate fMRI and EEG sessions. Brain activations were calculated during the NoGo trials relative to the baseline to evaluate response inhibition functioning. RESULTS There was reduced bilateral thalamic activation in participants with CPTSD relative to PTSD and controls during inhibition trials, but no activation differences between PTSD and controls for this brain region. There were no differences in functional connectivity between the thalamus and other regions involved in cognitive control between groups. No differences were observed between groups on EEG responses. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide initial evidence of aberrant functioning in the neurocircuitry of inhibitory control, involving the thalamus, in CPTSD. This evidence suggests that CPTSD is distinguished from PTSD by impaired neural processes implicated in response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny Tran
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Williamson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Heo IS, Kwon YJ, Lee HY, Lee HS, Yoon HJ, Shim SH, Kim JS. Electrophysiological Changes Related to Childhood Trauma in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: An Event-related Potential Study. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 20:167-179. [PMID: 35078959 PMCID: PMC8813325 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.1.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- In Soo Heo
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Young Joon Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Yoon
- The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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13
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Kwon A, Lee HS, Lee SH. The Mediation Effect of Hyperarousal Symptoms on the Relationship Between Childhood Physical Abuse and Suicidal Ideation of Patients With PTSD. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:613735. [PMID: 33841200 PMCID: PMC8032896 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.613735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the relationship of childhood physical abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and suicide in patients with PTSD through path analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 114 patients with PTSD (36 men and 78 women) were recruited and completed psychological assessments including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the scale for suicidal ideation, the clinician-administered PTSD scale for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, the PTSD checklist, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the results. We developed a model including childhood physical abuse experience as the causal variable, suicidal ideation as a result variable, and PTSD and depression as mediation variables. PTSD symptoms were divided into four clusters [intrusion, avoidance, negative cognition and mood, and altered arousal and reactivity (hyperarousal)] to determine predictive power for suicide. Results: PTSD symptoms fully mediated the relationship between childhood physical abuse and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, PTSD symptoms fully mediated the relationship between childhood physical abuse and depression. Among the PTSD symptoms, hyperarousal was the only symptom cluster that mediated the relationship between childhood physical abuse and suicidal ideation. The symptom clusters of negative cognition and mood as well as hyperarousal mediated the relationship between childhood physical abuse and depression. Conclusions: This study presents a link between childhood physical abuse and current symptoms in patients with PTSD, and highlights specific PTSD symptom clusters (i.e., hyperarousal, negative cognition and mood) that may increase the risk for psychopathology later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeran Kwon
- Department of Social Welfare and Counseling, Chodang University, Muan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seo Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
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Wu J, Guo Z, Gao X, Kou Y. The relations between early-life stress and risk, time, and prosocial preferences in adulthood: A meta-analytic review. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Acheson A. Behavioral processes and risk for problem substance use in adolescents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 198:173021. [PMID: 32871140 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review examines associations of delay discounting, response inhibition, sensation-seeking, and urgency with adolescent problem substance use. Each of these processes is linked to adult substance use disorders, is associated with conditions linked to increased risk for adolescent problem substance use, and predicts problem substance use. Notably, all processes are linked to early life adversity (ELA) exposure and most appear to help explain links between ELA exposure and problem substance use. These findings are consistent with a growing body of literature indicating ELA interferes with the development of neural circuits crucial to cognitive functioning and emotion regulation. Further, developmental trajectories of these processes generally align with maturational imbalance hypotheses of adolescent risk. Ongoing and pending large longitudinal studies may be essential for better understanding how ELA and other influences shapes these processes and the role of these processes in risk for problem substance use in adolescence and beyond. Finally it is possible that risk-related processes may be useful metrics in the context of implementing and evaluating strategies to prevent problem substance use in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Acheson
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America.
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16
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Blanchard AR, Comfort WE. Keeping in Touch with Mental Health: The Orienting Reflex and Behavioral Outcomes from Calatonia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E182. [PMID: 32235727 PMCID: PMC7139622 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical and psychological therapy based on touch has been gradually integrated into broader mental health settings in the past two decades, evolving from a variety of psychodynamic, neurobiological and trauma-based approaches, as well as Eastern and spiritual philosophies and other integrative and converging systems. Nevertheless, with the exception of a limited number of well-known massage therapy techniques, only a few structured protocols of touch therapy have been standardized and researched to date. This article describes a well-defined protocol of touch therapy in the context of psychotherapy-the Calatonia technique-which engages the orienting reflex. The orienting reflex hypothesis is explored here as one of the elements of this technique that helps to decrease states of hypervigilance and chronic startle reactivity (startle and defensive reflexes) and restore positive motivational and appetitive states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Edgar Comfort
- Social and Cognitive Science Laboratory, Centre for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01241, Brazil;
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Psychophysiological Alteration After Virtual Reality Experiences Using Smartphone-Assisted Head Mount Displays: An EEG-Based Source Localization Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain functional changes could be observed in people after an experience of virtual reality (VR). The present study investigated cyber sickness and changes of brain regional activity using electroencephalogram (EEG)-based source localization, before and after a VR experience involving a smartphone-assisted head mount display. Thirty participants (mean age = 25 years old) were recruited. All were physically healthy and had no ophthalmological diseases. Their corrected vision was better than 20/20. Resting state EEG and the simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) were measured before and after the VR experience. Source activity of each frequency band was calculated using the sLORETA program. After the VR experience, the SSQ total score and sub scores (nausea, oculomotor symptoms, and disorientation) were significantly increased, and brain source activations were significantly increased: alpha1 activity in the cuneus and alpha2 activity in the cuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG). The change of SSQ score (after–before) showed significant negative correlation with the change of PCG activation (after–before) in the alpha2 band. The study demonstrated increased cyber sickness and increased alpha band power in the cuneus and PCG after the VR experience. Reduced PCG activation in alpha band may be associated with the symptom severity of cyber sickness.
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18
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Jung M, Park Y, Baik SY, Kim CL, Kim HS, Lee SH. Self-Forgiveness Moderates the Effects of Depression on Suicidality. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:121-129. [PMID: 30808118 PMCID: PMC6393745 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.11.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Not all depressive individuals are suicidal. An increasing body of studies has examined forgiveness, especially self-forgiveness, as a protective factor of suicide based on that suicide is often accompanied by negative self-perceptions. However, less has been studied on how different subtypes of forgiveness (i.e., forgiveness-of-self, forgiveness-of-others and forgiveness-of-situations) could alleviate the effects of depression on suicide. Hence, this study examined forgiveness as a moderator of depression and suicidality. METHODS 305 participants, consisted of 87 males and 218 females, were included in the study. The mean age was 41.05 (SD: 14.48; range: 19-80). Depression, anxiety, and forgiveness were measured through self-report questionnaires, and suicidal risk was measured through a structuralized interview. Moderations were examined through hierarchical regression analyses. RESULTS Depression positively correlated with suicidality. RESULTS of the hierarchical regression analysis indicated forgiveness as a moderator of depression on suicidality. Further analysis indicated only forgiveness-of-self as a significant moderator; the effects of forgiveness-of-others and forgiveness-of-situation were not significant. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that forgiveness-of-self is essential in reducing of the effects of depression on suicidality. It is suggested that self-acceptance and the promotion of self-forgiveness should be considered as an important factor when developing suicide prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Jung
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Seung Yeon Baik
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Long Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Lamm C, Troller-Renfree SV, Zeanah CH, Nelson CA, Fox NA. Impact of early institutionalization on attention mechanisms underlying the inhibition of a planned action. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:339-346. [PMID: 29908954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Institutional rearing is associated with deficits in executive functions, such as inhibitory control, and may contribute to later externalizing behavior problems. In the current study, we explored the impact of institutional rearing on attention in the context of inhibiting a planned action. As part of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP), children were randomized to either remain in the institutions in which they lived (Care as Usual Group) or be placed into foster family homes (Foster Care Group). We also recruited age and gender matched never-institutionalized (NIG) children from the Bucharest community. We examined differences in behavioral and Event Related Potentials (ERPs) during a go-no-go task when children were 12 years old. Results revealed that the ever-institutionalized group (CAUG and FCG combined) showed slower reaction times, worse performance accuracy, larger P2 activation, and smaller (less negative) N2 activation than the NIG group. Results of a moderation analysis revealed that children who spent more time in institutions and had small N2s showed more externalizing symptoms. These results have implications for the design of treatment approaches for previously institutionalized children with externalizing behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Lamm
- Department of Psychological Science, J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
| | - Sonya V Troller-Renfree
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Charles H Zeanah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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