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Al-Ezzi A, Arechavala RJ, Butler R, Nolty A, Kang JJ, Shimojo S, Wu DA, Fonteh AN, Kleinman MT, Kloner RA, Arakaki X. Disrupted brain functional connectivity as early signature in cognitively healthy individuals with pathological CSF amyloid/tau. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1037. [PMID: 39179782 PMCID: PMC11344156 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in functional connectivity (FC) have been observed in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with elevated amyloid (Aβ) and tau. However, it is not yet known whether directed FC is already influenced by Aβ and tau load in cognitively healthy (CH) individuals. A 21-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was used from 46 CHs classified based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ tau ratio: pathological (CH-PAT) or normal (CH-NAT). Directed FC was estimated with Partial Directed Coherence in frontal, temporal, parietal, central, and occipital regions. We also examined the correlations between directed FC and various functional metrics, including neuropsychology, cognitive reserve, MRI volumetrics, and heart rate variability between both groups. Compared to CH-NATs, the CH-PATs showed decreased FC from the temporal regions, indicating a loss of relative functional importance of the temporal regions. In addition, frontal regions showed enhanced FC in the CH-PATs compared to CH-NATs, suggesting neural compensation for the damage caused by the pathology. Moreover, CH-PATs showed greater FC in the frontal and occipital regions than CH-NATs. Our findings provide a useful and non-invasive method for EEG-based analysis to identify alterations in brain connectivity in CHs with a pathological versus normal CSF Aβ/tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Al-Ezzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Arechavala
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Butler
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Anne Nolty
- Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Shinsuke Shimojo
- The Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Daw-An Wu
- The Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alfred N Fonteh
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Kleinman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Kloner
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xianghong Arakaki
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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2
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Jiménez de la Peña M, Rincón-Pérez I, López-Martín S, Albert J, Martín Fernández-Mayoralas D, Fernández-Perrone AL, Jiménez de Domingo A, Tirado P, Calleja-Pérez B, Porta J, Álvarez S, Fernández-Jaén A. Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome: Novel pathogenic variants and new neuroimaging findings. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:211-217. [PMID: 37795572 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS) or DNMT3A-overgrowth syndrome is characterized by overgrowth and intellectual disability associated with minor dysmorphic features, obesity, and behavioral problems. It is caused by variants of the DNMT3A gene. We report four patients with this syndrome due to de novo DNMT3A pathogenic variants, contributing to a deeper understanding of the genetic basis and pathophysiology of this autosomal dominant syndrome. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging assessments were also performed. All patients showed corpus callosum anomalies, small posterior fossa, and a deep left Sylvian fissure; as well as asymmetry of the uncinate and arcuate fascicles and marked increased cortical thickness. These results suggest that structural neuroimaging anomalies have been previously overlooked, where corpus callosum and brain tract alterations might be unrecognized neuroimaging traits of TBRS syndrome caused by DNMT3A variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Rincón-Pérez
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara López-Martín
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromottiva, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Albert
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Tirado
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Porta
- Department of Genomics, Genologica, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Álvarez
- Department of Genomics and Medicine, NIMGenetics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Jaén
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Urbanik A, Guz W, Gołębiowski M, Szurowska E, Majos A, Sąsiadek M, Stajgis M, Ostrogórska M. Assessment of the corpus callosum size in male individuals with high intelligence quotient (members of Mensa International). RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 63:49-54. [PMID: 37160478 PMCID: PMC10689507 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the size of the corpus callosum in members of Mensa International, which is the world's largest and oldest high-intelligence quotient (IQ) society. METHODS We performed T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (Repetition Time, TR = 3200 ms, Time of Echo, TE = 409 ms) to examine the brain of members of Mensa International (Polish national group) in order to assess the size of the corpus callosum. Results from 113 male MENSA members and 96 controls in the age range of 21-40 years were analyzed. RESULTS The comparative analysis showed that the mean length of the corpus callosum and the thickness of the isthmus were significantly greater in the Mensa members compared to the control groups. A statistically significant difference was also identified in the largest linear dimension of the brain from the frontal lobe to the occipital lobe. The mean corpus callosum cross-sectional area and its ratio to the brain area were significantly greater in the Mensa members. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the dimensions (linear measures and midsagittal cross-sectional surface area) of the corpus callosum were significantly greater in the group of Mensa members than in the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Urbanik
- Department of Radiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 19, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wiesław Guz
- Department of Electroradiology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marek Gołębiowski
- I-st Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Edyta Szurowska
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Majos
- Chair of Radiology and Imaging Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek Sąsiadek
- Department of Radiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Stajgis
- Department of General Radiology and Neuroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Ostrogórska
- Department of Radiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 19, 31-501, Krakow, Poland.
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4
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Xia N, He C, Wei X, Li YA, Lou W, Gu M, Chen Z, Xu J, Liu Y, Han X, Huang X. Altered frontoparietal activity in acoustic startle priming tasks during reticulospinal tract facilitation: An fNIRS study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1112046. [PMID: 36875651 PMCID: PMC9978531 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because it is one of the important pathways for promoting motor recovery after cortical injury, the function of the reticulospinal tract (RST) has received increasing attention in recent years. However, the central regulatory mechanism of RST facilitation and reduction of apparent response time is not well understood. Objectives To explore the potential role of RST facilitation in the acoustic startle priming (ASP) paradigm and observe the cortical changes induced by ASP reaching tasks. Methods Twenty healthy participants were included in this study. The reaching tasks were performed with their left and right hands. Participants were instructed to get ready after the warning cue and complete the reach as soon as they heard the Go cue. Half of the testing trials were set as control trials with an 80-dB Go cue. The other half of the trials had the Go cue replaced with 114-dB white noise to evoke the StartleReact effect, inducing reticulospinal tract facilitation. The response of the bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and the anterior deltoid was recorded via surface electromyography. Startle trials were labeled as exhibiting a positive or negative StartleReact effect, according to whether the SCM was activated early (30-130 ms after the Go cue) or late, respectively. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to synchronously record the oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin fluctuations in bilateral motor-related cortical regions. The β values representing cortical responses were estimated via the statistical parametric mapping technique and included in the final analyses. Results Separate analyses of data from movements of the left or right side revealed significant activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during RST facilitation. Moreover, left frontopolar cortex activation was greater in positive startle trials than in control or negative startle trials during left-side movements. Furthermore, decreased activity of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex in positive startle trials during ASP reaching tasks was observed. Conclusion The right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the frontoparietal network to which it belongs may be the regulatory center for the StartleReact effect and RST facilitation. In addition, the ascending reticular activating system may be involved. The decreased activity of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex suggests enhanced inhibition of the non-moving side during the ASP reaching task. These findings provide further insight into the SE and into RST facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang He
- Institute of Medical Equipment Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Institute of Rehabilitation and Medical Robotics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiupan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang-An Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghui Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
| | - Zejian Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Training and Research in Rehabilitation, Wuhan, China
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Barnby J, Dean R, Burgess H, Kim J, Teunisse A, Mackenzie L, Robinson G, Dayan P, Richards L. Increased persuadability and credulity in people with corpus callosum dysgenesis. Cortex 2022; 155:251-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Mousavi N, Nitsche MA, Jahan A, Nazari MA, Hassanpour H. Efficacy of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) combined with intensive speech therapy for language production in monozygotic twins with corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD): A sham-controlled single subject study. Neurocase 2022; 28:218-225. [PMID: 35533270 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this single subject study was to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to both hemispheres combined with speech therapy can improve language learning in a pair of 5-year-old twins with corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD). The treatment protocol included anodal tDCS with simultaneous speech therapy in one of the participants (T.D.), and sham-tDCS with the same montage, and stimulation regime concomitant with speech therapy for the other twin (A.D.). Our findings show that T.D. improved in language production when treated with speech therapy in combination with tDCS. A.D. showed evidence for a relatively minor behavioral benefit from speech therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najva Mousavi
- Department of Language and Speech Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (Ifado), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ali Jahan
- Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Hassanpour
- Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Burgher B, Whybird G, Koussis N, Scott JG, Cocchi L, Breakspear M. Sub-optimal modulation of gain by the cognitive control system in young adults with early psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:549. [PMID: 34707092 PMCID: PMC8551269 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive dysfunctions in early psychosis (EP) are subtle but persistent, hindering recovery. We asked whether changes in the cognitive control system (CCS) disrupt the response to increased cognitive load in persons with EP. In all, 30 EP and 30 control participants undertook multimodal MRI. Computational models of structural and effective connectivity amongst regions in the CCS were informed by cortical responses to the multi-source interference task, a paradigm that selectively introduces stimulus conflict. EP participants showed greater activation of CCS regions, including the superior parietal cortex, and were disproportionately slower at resolving stimulus conflict in the task. Computational models of the effective connectivity underlying this behavioral response suggest that the normative (control) group resolved stimulus conflict through an efficient and direct modulation of gain between the visual cortex and the anterior insula (AI). In contrast, the EP group utilized an indirect path, with parallel and multi-region hops to resolve stimulus conflict at the AI. Individual differences in task performance were dependent on initial linear gain modulations in the EP group versus a single nonlinear modulation in the control group. Effective connectivity in the EP group was associated with reduced structural integration amongst those connections critical for task execution. CCS engagement during stimulus conflict is hampered in EP owing to inefficient use of higher-order network interactions, with high tonic gain impeding task-relevant (phasic) signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Burgher
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia. .,Metro-North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | | | - Nikitas Koussis
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCollege of Engineering Science and Environment, College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - James G. Scott
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia ,Metro-North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Luca Cocchi
- grid.1049.c0000 0001 2294 1395QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD Australia
| | - Michael Breakspear
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCollege of Engineering Science and Environment, College of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
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8
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Structurally constrained effective brain connectivity. Neuroimage 2021; 239:118288. [PMID: 34147631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between structure and function is of interest in many research fields involving the study of complex biological processes. In neuroscience in particular, the fusion of structural and functional data can help to understand the underlying principles of the operational networks in the brain. To address this issue, this paper proposes a constrained autoregressive model leading to a representation of effective connectivity that can be used to better understand how the structure modulates the function. Or simply, it can be used to find novel biomarkers characterizing groups of subjects. In practice, an initial structural connectivity representation is re-weighted to explain the functional co-activations. This is obtained by minimizing the reconstruction error of an autoregressive model constrained by the structural connectivity prior. The model has been designed to also include indirect connections, allowing to split direct and indirect components in the functional connectivity, and it can be used with raw and deconvoluted BOLD signal. The derived representation of dependencies was compared to the well known dynamic causal model, giving results closer to known ground-truth. Further evaluation of the proposed effective network was performed on two typical tasks. In a first experiment the direct functional dependencies were tested on a community detection problem, where the brain was partitioned using the effective networks across multiple subjects. In a second experiment the model was validated in a case-control task, which aimed at differentiating healthy subjects from individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Results showed that using effective connectivity leads to clusters better describing the functional interactions in the community detection task, while maintaining the original structural organization, and obtaining a better discrimination in the case-control classification task.
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9
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Morcom L, Edwards TJ, Rider E, Jones-Davis D, Lim JW, Chen KS, Dean RJ, Bunt J, Ye Y, Gobius I, Suárez R, Mandelstam S, Sherr EH, Richards LJ. DRAXIN regulates interhemispheric fissure remodelling to influence the extent of corpus callosum formation. eLife 2021; 10:61618. [PMID: 33945466 PMCID: PMC8137145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) is a congenital disorder that incorporates either partial or complete absence of the largest cerebral commissure. Remodelling of the interhemispheric fissure (IHF) provides a substrate for callosal axons to cross between hemispheres, and its failure is the main cause of complete CCD. However, it is unclear whether defects in this process could give rise to the heterogeneity of expressivity and phenotypes seen in human cases of CCD. We identify incomplete IHF remodelling as the key structural correlate for the range of callosal abnormalities in inbred and outcrossed BTBR mouse strains, as well as in humans with partial CCD. We identify an eight base-pair deletion in Draxin and misregulated astroglial and leptomeningeal proliferation as genetic and cellular factors for variable IHF remodelling and CCD in BTBR strains. These findings support a model where genetic events determine corpus callosum structure by influencing leptomeningeal-astroglial interactions at the IHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morcom
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy J Edwards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eric Rider
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Dorothy Jones-Davis
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jonathan Wc Lim
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kok-Siong Chen
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ryan J Dean
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jens Bunt
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yunan Ye
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ilan Gobius
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Suárez
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simone Mandelstam
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute of Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Linda J Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Barker MS, Knight JL, Dean RJ, Mandelstam S, Richards LJ, Robinson GA. Verbal Adynamia and Conceptualization in Partial Rhombencephalosynapsis and Corpus Callosum Dysgenesis. Cogn Behav Neurol 2021; 34:38-52. [PMID: 33652468 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Verbal adynamia is characterized by markedly reduced spontaneous speech that is not attributable to a core language deficit such as impaired naming, reading, repetition, or comprehension. In some cases, verbal adynamia is severe enough to be considered dynamic aphasia. We report the case of a 40-year-old, left-handed, male native English speaker who presented with partial rhombencephalosynapsis, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and a language profile that is consistent with verbal adynamia, or subclinical dynamic aphasia, possibly underpinned by difficulties selecting and generating ideas for expression. This case is only the second investigation of dynamic aphasia in an individual with a congenital brain malformation. It is also the first detailed neuropsychological report of an adult with partial rhombencephalosynapsis and corpus callosum dysgenesis, and the only known case of superior intellectual abilities in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Barker
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jacquelyn L Knight
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ryan J Dean
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Simone Mandelstam
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail A Robinson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Effect of corpus callosum agenesis on the language network in children and adolescents. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:701-713. [PMID: 33496825 PMCID: PMC7981296 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study is interested in the role of the corpus callosum in the development of the language network. We, therefore, investigated language abilities and the language network using task-based fMRI in three cases of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), three cases of partial ACC and six controls. Although the children with complete ACC revealed impaired functions in specific language domains, no child with partial ACC showed a test score below average. As a group, ACC children performed significantly worse than healthy controls in verbal fluency and naming. Furthermore, whole-brain ROI-to-ROI connectivity analyses revealed reduced intrahemispheric and right intrahemispheric functional connectivity in ACC patients as compared to controls. In addition, stronger functional connectivity between left and right temporal areas was associated with better language abilities in the ACC group. In healthy controls, no association between language abilities and connectivity was found. Our results show that ACC is associated not only with less interhemispheric, but also with less right intrahemispheric language network connectivity in line with reduced verbal abilities. The present study, thus, supports the excitatory role of the corpus callosum in functional language network connectivity and language abilities.
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12
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De León Reyes NS, Bragg-Gonzalo L, Nieto M. Development and plasticity of the corpus callosum. Development 2020; 147:147/18/dev189738. [PMID: 32988974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) connects the cerebral hemispheres and is the major mammalian commissural tract. It facilitates bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions, and is often affected in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here, we review the mechanisms that contribute to the development of CC circuits in animal models and humans. These species comparisons reveal several commonalities. First, there is an early period of massive axonal projection. Second, there is a postnatal temporal window, varying between species, in which early callosal projections are selectively refined. Third, sensory-derived activity influences axonal refinement. We also discuss how defects in CC formation can lead to mild or severe CC congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia S De León Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Bragg-Gonzalo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Nieto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Edwards TJ, Fenlon LR, Dean RJ, Bunt J, Sherr EH, Richards LJ. Altered structural connectivity networks in a mouse model of complete and partial dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Neuroimage 2020; 217:116868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Hahn A, Breakspear M, Rischka L, Wadsak W, Godbersen GM, Pichler V, Michenthaler P, Vanicek T, Hacker M, Kasper S, Lanzenberger R, Cocchi L. Reconfiguration of functional brain networks and metabolic cost converge during task performance. eLife 2020; 9:52443. [PMID: 32314956 PMCID: PMC7176400 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to solve cognitive tasks depends upon adaptive changes in the organization of whole-brain functional networks. However, the link between task-induced network reconfigurations and their underlying energy demands is poorly understood. We address this by multimodal network analyses integrating functional and molecular neuroimaging acquired concurrently during a complex cognitive task. Task engagement elicited a marked increase in the association between glucose consumption and functional brain network reorganization. This convergence between metabolic and neural processes was specific to feedforward connections linking the visual and dorsal attention networks, in accordance with task requirements of visuo-spatial reasoning. Further increases in cognitive load above initial task engagement did not affect the relationship between metabolism and network reorganization but only modulated existing interactions. Our findings show how the upregulation of key computational mechanisms to support cognitive performance unveils the complex, interdependent changes in neural metabolism and neuro-vascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Breakspear
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lucas Rischka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Godber M Godbersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Michenthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Vanicek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Cocchi
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Blanchard AR, Comfort WE. Keeping in Touch with Mental Health: The Orienting Reflex and Behavioral Outcomes from Calatonia. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E182. [PMID: 32235727 PMCID: PMC7139622 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical and psychological therapy based on touch has been gradually integrated into broader mental health settings in the past two decades, evolving from a variety of psychodynamic, neurobiological and trauma-based approaches, as well as Eastern and spiritual philosophies and other integrative and converging systems. Nevertheless, with the exception of a limited number of well-known massage therapy techniques, only a few structured protocols of touch therapy have been standardized and researched to date. This article describes a well-defined protocol of touch therapy in the context of psychotherapy-the Calatonia technique-which engages the orienting reflex. The orienting reflex hypothesis is explored here as one of the elements of this technique that helps to decrease states of hypervigilance and chronic startle reactivity (startle and defensive reflexes) and restore positive motivational and appetitive states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Edgar Comfort
- Social and Cognitive Science Laboratory, Centre for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01241, Brazil;
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16
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Mancuso L, Uddin LQ, Nani A, Costa T, Cauda F. Brain functional connectivity in individuals with callosotomy and agenesis of the corpus callosum: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:231-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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MacPherson SE, Gillebert CR, Robinson GA, Vallesi A. Editorial: Intra- and Inter-individual Variability of Executive Functions: Determinant and Modulating Factors in Healthy and Pathological Conditions. Front Psychol 2019; 10:432. [PMID: 30906272 PMCID: PMC6418029 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. MacPherson
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Celine R. Gillebert
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gail A. Robinson
- Neuropsychology Research Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
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