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Vanderhasselt T, Naeyaert M, Buls N, Allemeersch GJ, Raeymaeckers S, Raeymaekers H, Smeets N, Cools F, de Mey J, Dudink J. Synthetic magnetic resonance-based relaxometry and brain volume: cutoff values for predicting neurocognitive outcomes in very preterm infants. Pediatr Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00247-024-05981-x. [PMID: 38980354 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neurorehabilitation can enhance neurocognitive outcomes in very preterm infants (<32 weeks), and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to assess neonatal brain injury; however, the predictive value for neurodevelopmental delay is limited. Timely predictive quantitative biomarkers are needed to improve early identification and management of infants at risk of neurodevelopmental delay. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of quantitative synthetic MRI measurements at term-equivalent age as predictive biomarkers of neurodevelopmental impairment and establish practical cutoff values to guide clinical decision-making. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 93 very preterm infants who underwent synthetic MRI at term-equivalent age between January 2017 and September 2020. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Bayley-III scale of infant development (mean age 2.1 years). The predictive value for impaired development was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves for synthetic MRI-based volumetry and T1 and T2 relaxation measurements. RESULTS The T1 relaxation time in the posterior limb of the internal capsule was a potent predictor of severe (sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 80%; area under the curve (AUC), 0.91) and mild or severe (AUC, 0.75) developmental impairment. T2 relaxation time in the posterior limb of the internal capsule was a significant predictor of severe impairment (AUC, 0.76), whereas the brain parenchymal volume was a significant predictor of severe (AUC, 0.72) and mild or severe impairment (AUC, 0.71) outperforming the reported qualitative MRI scores (AUC, 0.66). CONCLUSION The proposed cutoff values for T1 relaxation time in the posterior limb of the internal capsule and for total brain volume measurements, derived from synthetic MRI, show promise as predictors of both mild and severe neurodevelopmental impairment in very preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vanderhasselt
- Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Maarten Naeyaert
- Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Buls
- Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert-Jan Allemeersch
- Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Raeymaeckers
- Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hubert Raeymaekers
- Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Smeets
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Cools
- Department of Neonatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan de Mey
- Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Xu S, Ma Z, Zhang J, Wang S, Ge X, Yue S, Li X, Qian J, Zhu D, Liu G, Zhang J. Quantitative assessment of preoperative brain development in pediatric congenital heart disease patients by synthetic MRI. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:166. [PMID: 38954290 PMCID: PMC11219600 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-024-01746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the quantitative assessment and application of Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) for preoperative brain development in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). METHODS Forty-three CHD patients aged 2-24 months were prospectively included in the observation group, and 43 healthy infants were included in the control group. The SyMRI scans were processed by postprocessing software to obtain T1, T2, and PD maps. The values of T1, T2, and PD in different brain regions were compared with the scores of the five ability areas of the Gesell Development Scale by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS In the observation group, the T1 values of the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), Optic radiation (PTR), cerebral peduncle, centrum semiovale, occipital white matter, temporal white matter, and dentate nucleus were greater than those in the control group. In the observation group, the T2 values of the PLIC, PTR, frontal white matter, occipital white matter, temporal white matter, and dentate nucleus were greater than those in the control group. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the observation group had significantly lower Development Scale scores. In the observation group, the T2 value of the splenium of the corpus callosum was significantly positively correlated with the personal social behavior score. The AUCs for diagnosing preoperative brain developmental abnormalities in children with CHD using T1 values of the temporal white matter and dentate nucleus were both greater than 0.60. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative assessment using SyMRI can aid in the early detection of preoperative brain development abnormalities in children with CHD. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT T1 and T2 relaxation values from SyMRI can be considered as a quantitative imaging marker to detect abnormalities, allowing for early clinical evaluation and timely intervention, thereby reducing neurodevelopmental disorders in these children. KEY POINTS T1 and T2 relaxation values by SyMRI are related to myelin development. Evaluated development quotient markers were lower in the observation compared to the control group. SyMRI can act as a reference indicator for brain development in CHD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Xu
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- MR Research Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Songhong Yue
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jifang Qian
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dalin Zhu
- Medical Imaging Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Kim JS, Cho HH, Shin JY, Park SH, Min YS, Park B, Hong J, Park SY, Hahm MH, Hwang MJ, Lee SM. Diagnostic performance of synthetic relaxometry for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants: a feasibility study. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:7340-7351. [PMID: 37522898 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the predictability of synthetic relaxometry for neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants and to evaluate whether a combination of relaxation times with clinical variables or qualitative MRI abnormalities improves the predictive performance. METHODS This retrospective study included 33 premature infants scanned with synthetic MRI near or at term equivalent age. Based on neurodevelopmental assessments at 18-24 months of corrected age, infants were classified into two groups (no/mild disability [n = 23] vs. moderate/severe disability [n = 10]). Clinical and MRI characteristics associated with moderate/severe disability were explored, and combined models incorporating independent predictors were established. Ultimately, the predictability of relaxation times, clinical variables, MRI findings, and a combination of the two were evaluated and compared. The models were internally validated using bootstrap resampling. RESULTS Prolonged T1-frontal/parietal and T2-parietal periventricular white matter (PVWM), moderate-to-severe white matter abnormality, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were significantly associated with moderate/severe disability. The overall predictive performance of each T1-frontal/-parietal PVWM model was comparable to that of individual MRI finding and clinical models (AUC = 0.71 and 0.76 vs. 0.73 vs. 0.83, respectively; p > 0.27). The combination of clinical variables and T1-parietal PVWM achieved an AUC of 0.94, sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 91.3%, outperforming the clinical model alone (p = 0.049). The combination of MRI finding and T1-frontal PVWM yielded AUC of 0.86, marginally outperforming the MRI finding model (p = 0.09). Bootstrap resampling showed that the models were valid. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to predict adverse outcomes in premature infants by using early synthetic relaxometry. Combining relaxation time with clinical variables or MRI finding improved prediction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Synthetic relaxometry performed during the neonatal period may serve as a biomarker for predicting adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants. KEY POINTS • Synthetic relaxometry based on T1 relaxation time of parietal periventricular white matter showed acceptable performance in predicting adverse outcome with an AUC of 0.76 and an accuracy of 78.8%. • The combination of relaxation time with clinical variables and/or structural MRI abnormalities improved predictive performance of adverse outcomes. • Synthetic relaxometry performed during the neonatal period helps predict adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hae Cho
- Department of Radiology and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 260 Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Sook-Hyun Park
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, South Korea
| | - Yu-Sun Min
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, South Korea
| | - Byunggeon Park
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Hong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Park
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, South Korea
| | - Myong-Hun Hahm
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, South Korea
| | - Moon Jung Hwang
- General Electric (GE) Healthcare Korea, 416 Hangsng-daero, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04637, South Korea
| | - So Mi Lee
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41404, South Korea.
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Shin JE, Sohn B. Term equivalent age brain MRI of preterm newborns: gathering the pieces for prognostication. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:7338-7339. [PMID: 37728790 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beomseok Sohn
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Sciences, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Dong Y, Deng X, Xie M, Yu L, Qian L, Chen G, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Zhou Z, Long L. Gestational age-related changes in relaxation times of neonatal brain by quantitative synthetic magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Behav 2023:e3068. [PMID: 37248768 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the correlation between T1 and T2 relaxation times of synthetic MRI (SyMRI) and gestational age (GA) in each hemisphere of preterm and term newborns at the initial 28 days of birth. METHODS Seventy preterm and full-term infants were prospectively included in this study. All subjects completed 3.0 T routine MRI and SyMRI (MAGiC) one-stop scanning within 28 days of birth (aged 34-42 W at examination). The SyMRI postprocessing software (v8.0.4) was used to measure the T1 and T2 relaxation values of each brain region. The linear regression equations of quantitative relaxation values with GA were established to compare the variation speed in each brain region. RESULTS A significant linear and negative correlation was found between relaxation times and GA in the neonate cerebral cortex and subcortical gray and white matter regions (All p<.05). The relaxation time of the left centrum semiovale decreased with maximum variance with increasing GA among all white matter regions (T1: b = -51.45, β = -0.65, p < .0001; T2: b = -8.77, β = -0.71, p < .0001), whereas the right posterior limb of internal capsule showed minimal variance (T1: b = -27.94, β = -0.60, p < .0001; T2: b = -3.25, β = -0.68, p < .0001). Among all gray matter regions, the right globus pallidus and thalamus indicated the most significant decreasing degree of T1 and T2 relaxation values with GA (right globus pallidus T1: b = -33.14, β = -0.64, p < .0001; right thalamus T2: b = -3.94, β = -0.81, p < .0001), and the right and left occipital lobes indicated the least significant decreasing degree of T1 and T2 relaxation values with GA, respectively (right occipital lobes T1: b = -11.18, β = -0.26, p = .028; left occipital lobes T2: b = -1.22, β = -0.27, p = .024). CONCLUSIONS SyMRI could quantitatively evaluate the linear changes of T1 and T2 relaxation values with GA in brain gray and white matter of preterm and term neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xianyu Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Meizhen Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yanyun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Liling Long
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Kim HG, Choi JW, Lee JH, Jung DE, Gho SM. Association of Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Tissue Relaxation Time With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Neonates: Multidelay Arterial Spin Labeling and Synthetic MRI Study. Invest Radiol 2022; 57:254-262. [PMID: 34743135 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain tissue relaxation times are known to reflect maturation in the neonatal brain. However, we do not yet know if these factors are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this study was to acquire CBF and relaxation time in preterm neonates, using multidelay arterial spin labeling and synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and show their association with later neurodevelopmental outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, preterm neonates were recruited, and multidelay arterial spin labeling and synthetic MRI were performed between September 2017 and December 2018. These neonates underwent the Bayley Scales of Infant Development test at 18 months of age, and both cognitive and motor outcome scores were measured. Transit time-corrected CBF and T1 and T2 relaxation time values were measured for different brain regions. The measured values were correlated with gestational age (GA) at birth and corrected GA at the MRI scan. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed for the measured values and neurodevelopmental outcome scores. RESULTS Forty-nine neonates (median [interquartile range] GA, 30 [2] weeks, 209 [17] days; 28 boys) underwent MRI scans at or near term-equivalent age (median [interquartile range] corrected GA, 37 [2] weeks, 258 [14] days). Transit time-corrected CBF (coefficient, 0.31-0.59) and relaxation time (coefficient, -0.39 to -0.86) values showed significant correlation with corrected GA but not with GA. After controlling for GA, the frontal white matter CBF in preterm neonates showed a negative relationship with cognitive outcome scores (β = -0.97; P = 0.029). Frontal white matter T1 relaxation times showed a positive relationship with cognitive outcome scores (β = 0.03; P = 0.025) after controlling for GA. CONCLUSIONS Higher CBF values and lower T1 relaxation times in frontal white matter were associated with poorer cognitive outcomes. As quantitative neuroimaging markers, CBF and relaxation times may help predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jang Hoon Lee
- Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon
| | - Da Eun Jung
- Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon
| | - Sung-Min Gho
- MR Clinical Research and Development, GE Healthcare, Seoul, South Korea
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Yu N, Kim JY, Han D, Kim SY, Lee HM, Kim DH, Kim HG. Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting in Neonates: Quantifying Regional Difference and Maturation in the Brain. Invest Radiol 2022; 57:44-51. [PMID: 34101674 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) allows the simultaneous measurement of multiple tissue properties in a single acquisition. Three-dimensional (3D) MRF with high spatial resolution can be used for neonatal brain imaging. The aim of this study is to apply 3D MRF to neonates and show regional differences and maturation in the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, 3D MRF using hybrid radial-interleaved acquisition was performed on phantoms and neonates from December 2019 to October 2020. For the reconstruction of 3D MRF, singular value decomposition was applied to reduce reconstruction time, and the iterative reconstruction technique was applied to improve image quality. The accuracies of T1 and T2 values derived from 3D MRF were evaluated in a phantom experiment. Regional T1 and T2 values were obtained from neonates' brain T1 and T2 maps derived from 3D MRF. Regional T1 and T2 values were compared, and their changes according to corrected gestational age were evaluated. RESULTS The acquisition time for 3D MRF with a spatial resolution of 0.7 × 0.7 × 2 mm3 was less than 5 minutes. The phantom study showed high correlation between T1 and T2 values derived from 3D MRF and those from conventional spin echo sequences (T1, R2 = 0.998, P < 0.001; T2, R2 = 0.998, P < 0.001). Three-dimensional MRF was performed in 25 neonates (15 boys, 10 girls; median corrected gestational age, 263 days; interquartile range, 10 days). In neonates, T1 and T2 values differed in the frontal (median [interquartile range], 2785 [2684-2888] milliseconds and 189.8 [176.7-222.9] milliseconds), parietal (2849 [2741-2950] milliseconds and 191.6 [167.5-232.9] milliseconds), and occipital white matter (2621 [2513-2722] milliseconds and 162.9 [143.5-186.1] milliseconds), showing lower values in occipital white matter (P < 0.001). Regional T1 values showed a negative relationship with corrected gestational age (coefficient, -0.775 to -0.480; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fast and high spatial resolution 3D MRF was applied to neonates. T1 and T2 maps derived from 3D MRF enabled the quantification of regional differences and maturation in the neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nali Yu
- From the Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Radiology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gi Kim
- Radiology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
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