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Xie J, Li F, Cai Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhai Z, Su Z, Chen X, Lei M, Liu R, Li W, Kang D, Chen X, Hong A. SAIF plays anti-angiogenesis via blocking VEGF-VEGFR2-ERK signal in tumor treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18240. [PMID: 37539189 PMCID: PMC10395482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Shark cartilage was created as a cancer-fighting diet because it was believed to have an element that may suppress tumor growth. Due to overfishing, sharks have become endangered recently, making it impossible to harvest natural components from shark cartilage for therapeutic development research. Previously, we identified a peptide SAIF from shark cartilage with an-tiangiogenic and anti-tumor effects, successfully expressed it in Escherichia coli by using genetic engineering techniques. However, we did not elucidate the specific target of SAIF and its antiangiogenic molecular mechanism, which hindered its further drug development. Therefore, in this work, the exact mechanism of action was studied using various techniques, including cellular and in vivo animal models, computer-aided simulation, molecular target capture, and transcriptome sequencing analysis. With VEGF-VEGFR2 interaction and preventing the activation of VEGFR2/ERK signaling pathways, SAIF was discovered to decrease angiogenesis and hence significantly limit tumor development. The findings further demonstrated SAIF's strong safety and pharmaceutically potential. The evidence showed that SAIF, which is expressed by, is a potent and safe angiogenesis inhibitor and might be developed as a candidate peptide drug for the treatment of solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma and other conditions linked with angiogenic overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Xie
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fu Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuling Cai
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jinting Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhaodong Zhai
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zijian Su
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Minghua Lei
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rongzhan Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Weicai Li
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dianlong Kang
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - An Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine & Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center; National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Ji'nan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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Navarro MV, de Barros YN, Segura WD, Chaves AFA, Jannuzzi GP, Ferreira KS, Xander P, Batista WL. The Role of Dimorphism Regulating Histidine Kinase (Drk1) in the Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Cell Wall. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121014. [PMID: 34946996 PMCID: PMC8707131 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus are the causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an endemic disease in Latin America with a high incidence in Brazil. This pathogen presents as infective mycelium at 25 °C in the soil, reverting to its pathogenic form when inhaled by the mammalian host (37 °C). Among these dimorphic fungal species, dimorphism regulating histidine kinase (Drk1) plays an essential role in the morphological transition. These kinases are present in bacteria and fungi but absent in mammalian cells and are important virulence and cellular survival regulators. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of PbDrk1 in the cell wall modulation of P. brasiliensis. We observed that PbDrk1 participates in fungal resistance to different cell wall-disturbing agents by reducing viability after treatment with iDrk1. To verify the role of PbDRK1 in cell wall morphogenesis, qPCR results showed that samples previously exposed to iDrk1 presented higher expression levels of several genes related to cell wall modulation. One of them was FKS1, a β-glucan synthase that showed a 3.6-fold increase. Furthermore, confocal microscopy analysis and flow cytometry showed higher β-glucan exposure on the cell surface of P. brasiliensis after incubation with iDrk1. Accordingly, through phagocytosis assays, a significantly higher phagocytic index was observed in yeasts treated with iDrk1 than the control group, demonstrating the role of PbDrk1 in cell wall modulation, which then becomes a relevant target to be investigated. In parallel, the immune response profile showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, our data strongly suggest that PbDrk1 modulates cell wall component expression, among which we can identify β-glucan. Understanding this signalling pathway may be of great value for identifying targets of antifungal molecular activity since HKs are not present in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Valente Navarro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
| | - Yasmin Nascimento de Barros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil; (Y.N.d.B.); (W.D.S.); (K.S.F.); (P.X.)
| | - Wilson Dias Segura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil; (Y.N.d.B.); (W.D.S.); (K.S.F.); (P.X.)
| | | | - Grasielle Pereira Jannuzzi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Karen Spadari Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil; (Y.N.d.B.); (W.D.S.); (K.S.F.); (P.X.)
| | - Patrícia Xander
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil; (Y.N.d.B.); (W.D.S.); (K.S.F.); (P.X.)
| | - Wagner Luiz Batista
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil; (Y.N.d.B.); (W.D.S.); (K.S.F.); (P.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3319-3594; Fax: +55-11-3319-3300
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Tiwari RK, Gupta CL, Bajpai P. Impelling TLR9: Road to perspective vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis. Drug Dev Res 2020; 83:222-224. [PMID: 32216115 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent trends in immunotherapy have shown enthusiasm in exploring Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for designing therapeutical interventions against numerous deadly diseases. TLRs are subfamily of pathogen recognition receptor playing pivotal role in innate immunity. TLR9 is one such critical member belonging to intracellular TLRs which is associated with mounting inflammatory response in response to intruders. Explorative studies have shown CG motifs from the prokaryotic origin as activators of TLR9 culminating in the expression of NFκB. These CG rich short stranded DNA sequences have been further delineated into different classes based on their structural specificities and immunomodulatory properties. Here we discuss the progress of how activation of TLR9 can be utilized with novel parasitic CpG islands to function as potential adjuvants specifically against protozoan parasitic diseases primarily visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chhedi Lal Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Bajpai
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wattrang E, Palm AK, Wagner B. Cytokine production and proliferation upon in vitro oligodeoxyribonucleotide stimulation of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 146:113-24. [PMID: 22397968 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODN) may prove useful immune modulators in equine medicine. It is however important to assess the effects of each specific ODN in the species it is intended to be used in. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate some ODN for induction of cytokine production; i.e. type I interferons (IFN), IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and proliferation of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A panel of four ODN containing unmethylated cytosine-guanosine sequences (CpG) was used: ODN 1 and ODN 8 representing A-class; ODN 2006 representing B-class and ODN 2395 representing C-class-ODN. In addition, two ODN where CpG-motifs were reversed to GpC were included; ODN 2137 otherwise identical to ODN 2006 and ODN 5328 otherwise identical to ODN 2395. Cytokine concentrations were measured in cell culture supernatants after 24h of induction and proliferation was determined after 72 h of induction. Each ODN was tested with PBMC from at least 5 individual horses with and without the addition of lipofectin to cell cultures. Type I IFN, IFN-γ and TNF-α production was readily induced by ODN 1, ODN 2006 and ODN 2395 both in the presence and absence of lipofectin and all three types of ODN induced similar levels of cytokines. Proliferation of PBMC was clearly induced by ODN 2006 and ODN 2395 while ODN 1 only induced low-level proliferation. The levels of proliferation induced were not influenced by the presence of lipofectin. TGF-β production was not induced by any of the tested ODN. ODN 8, ODN 2137 and ODN 5328 were largely inactive in all assays. Thus, responses seemed dependent on or increased by CpG-motifs but presence of CpG-motifs did not necessarily confer activity since ODN 8 was inactive despite its CpG-motifs. Taken together, with equine PBMC distinctions in induction of different leukocyte functions between A-, B-, and C-class ODN were less obvious than what has been observed for human cells. These observations further stress the presence of species differences in ODN-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wattrang
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
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