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Trink J, Nmecha IK, Zhang D, MacDonald M, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. Both sexes develop DKD in the CD1 uninephrectomized streptozotocin mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16635. [PMID: 37789041 PMCID: PMC10547794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by a progressive increase in albuminuria and typical pathologic features. Recent studies have shown that sex is an important factor to consider in the pathogenesis of DKD. Presently, the hallmarks of this disease have primarily been studied in male rodent models. Here we explored the influence of sex in a murine model of DKD. CD1 mice underwent a right nephrectomy followed by intraperitoneal injection with 200 mg/kg streptozotocin to induce type 1 diabetes. Due to a high mortality rate, females required a reduction in streptozotocin to 150 mg/kg. Mice were followed for 12 weeks. Both sexes developed comparable hyperglycemia, while albuminuria and glomerular volume were increased to a greater degree in females and kidney hypertrophy was only seen in females. Males had a greater increase in blood pressure and glomerular basement membrane thickening, and a greater decrease in endpoint weight. Serum TGFβ1 levels were increased only in females. However, both sexes showed a similar increase in induction of kidney fibrosis. T cell and macrophage infiltration were also increased in both sexes. While some differences were observed, overall, both sexes developed clinical and pathologic characteristics of early DKD. Future studies evaluating therapeutic interventions can thus be assessed in both sexes of this DKD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Trink
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Ifeanyi Kennedy Nmecha
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Dan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa MacDonald
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, McMaster University, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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Kang H, Wu C, Qu Y, Gao M, Zhang W, Sun A, Deng X. Adaptation of glycocalyx, nitric oxide synthase expression and vascular cell apoptosis in conduit arteries of tail‐suspended rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:1013-1021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Yuxin Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Menghan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Anqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
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Clotet S, Riera M, Pascual J, Soler MJ. RAS and sex differences in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F945-F957. [PMID: 26962103 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00292.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and progression of kidney diseases are influenced by sex. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important regulator of cardiovascular and renal function. Sex differences in the renal response to RAS blockade have been demonstrated. Circulating and renal RAS has been shown to be altered in type 1 and type 2 diabetes; this enzymatic cascade plays a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 are differentially regulated depending on its localization within the diabetic kidney. Furthermore, clinical and experimental studies have shown that circulating levels of sex hormones are clearly modulated in the context of diabetes, suggesting that sex-dependent RAS regulation may be also be affected in these individuals. The effect of sex hormones on circulating and renal RAS may be involved in the sex differences observed in DN progression. In this paper we will review the influence of sex hormones on RAS expression and its relation to diabetic kidney disease. A better understanding of the sex dimorphism on RAS might provide a new approach for diabetic kidney disease treatment.
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Slyvka Y, Malgor R, Inman SR, Ding J, Heh V, Nowak FV. Antioxidant diet and sex interact to regulate NOS isoform expression and glomerular mesangium proliferation in Zucker diabetic rat kidney. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:183-93. [PMID: 26797190 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes substantially to the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Consumption of an antioxidant-fortified (AO) diet from an early age prevents or delays later development of DN in the Zucker rat female with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize this is due to effects on mesangial matrix and renal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) distribution and to sex-specific differences in NOS responses in the diabetic kidney. Total glomerular tuft area (GTA) and PAS-positive tuft area (PTA), endothelial (e), neuronal (n) and inducible (i) NOS were quantified in males and females on AO or regular (REG) diet at 6 and 20 weeks of age. eNOS was observed in glomeruli and tubules. nNOS predominantly localized to tubular epithelium in both cortex and medulla. iNOS was expressed in proximal and distal tubules and collecting ducts. Sex, diabetes duration and AO diet affected the distribution of the three isoforms. GTA and PTA increased with duration of hyperglycemia and showed a negative correlation with renal levels of all NOS isoforms. AO diet in both genders was associated with less PAS-positive staining and less mesangial expansion than the REG diet, an early increase in cortical iNOS in males, and sex-specific changes in cortical eNOS at 20 weeks. These effects of AO diet may contribute to sex-specific preservation of renal function in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Slyvka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ramiro Malgor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Sharon R Inman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Julia Ding
- College of Natural Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78713, USA
| | - Victor Heh
- OUHCOM Office of Research & Grants, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Felicia V Nowak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; The Diabetes Institute at Ohio University, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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de Almeida AAC, de Carvalho RBF, Silva OA, de Sousa DP, de Freitas RM. Potential antioxidant and anxiolytic effects of (+)-limonene epoxide in mice after marble-burying test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 118:69-78. [PMID: 24463201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated anxiolytic activity of (+)-limonene epoxide (EL), through the marble burying test (MBT) assay, and the antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo in mice hippocampus of adult mice subjected to experimental anxiety protocol. For behavioral studies, and in vivo antioxidant analyses, mice were treated orally with 0.05% Tween 80 dissolved in 0.9% saline solution (vehicle), ascorbic acid 250 mg/kg, diazepam (2 mg/kg) and EL (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg). Results suggest an anxiolytic effect of (+)-limonene epoxide. A reduction in number of buried marbles in groups treated with EL doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg was observed when compared with diazepam and vehicle groups. This reduction was observed after treatments with single and repeated doses, reinforcing the hypothesis of anxiolytic effect. The anxiolytic effect was reversed by pretreatment with flumazenil (25 mg/kg, o.r) in the same way as it was observed with diazepam (2 mg/kg, o.r, positive control), suggesting that these drugs possess a similar mechanism of action. In antioxidant tests in vitro, the concentrations from 0.9 to 7.2 μg/ml were tested. The results of in vitro antioxidant tests demonstrated a 50% inhibitory effective concentration of 0.7342, 1.296 and 1.169 μg/ml against the formation of nitrite ion, hydroxyl radical and reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid, respectively. The treatment with EL reduced the lipid peroxidation level and nitrite content, suggesting an antioxidant role in vivo since it was able to reduce the formation of reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen. Furthermore, the EL increased activity of enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase in mice hippocampus, suggesting that their role may be due to antioxidant upregulation of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Amanda Cardoso de Almeida
- Post-Graduate in Biotechnology of Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64048-901 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | - Rusbene Bruno Fonseca de Carvalho
- Post-Graduate in Biotechnology of Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64048-901 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Oskar Almeida Silva
- Post-Graduate in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64048-901 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Rivelilson Mendes de Freitas
- Post-Graduate in Biotechnology of Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, CEP 64048-901 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Gu Y, Gong Y, Zhang H, Dong X, Zhao T, Burczynski FJ, Wang G, Sun S, Zhu B, Han W, Wang H, Li P. Regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 gene expression by dihydropteridine reductase in kidney 293T cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 91:187-93. [PMID: 23668792 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2012-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoid dihydropteridine reductase (QDPR) is an enzyme involved in the metabolic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). BH4 is an essential cofactor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and can catalyze arginine to citrulline to release nitric oxide. Point mutations of QDPR have been found in the renal cortex of spontaneous Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) diabetic rats. However, the role of QDPR in DN is not clear. This study investigates the effects of QDPR overexpression and knockdown on gene expression in the kidney. Rat QDPR cDNA was cloned into pcDNA3.1 vector and transfected in human kidney cells (293T). The expression of NOS, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), Smad3, and NADPH oxidase were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. BH4 was assayed by using ELISA. Expression of QDPR was significantly decreased and TGF-β1 and Smad3 were increased in the renal cortex of diabetic rats. Transfection of QDPR into 293T cells increased the abundance of QDPR in cytoplasm and significantly reduced the expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, and the NADPH oxidases NOX1 and NOX4. Moreover, abundance of neuronal NOS (nNOS) mRNA and BH4 content were significantly increased. Furthermore, inhibition of QDPR resulted in a significant increase in TGF-β1 expression. In conclusion, QDPR might be an important factor mediating diabetic nephropathy through its regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Gu
- Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, China
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