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Schelz Z, Muddather HF, Jaski FS, Bózsity N, Zupkó I. An In Vitro Investigation of the Antiproliferative and Antimetastatic Effects of Levosimendan: Potential Drug Repurposing for Cervical Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6566-6579. [PMID: 39057033 PMCID: PMC11275392 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer presents a significant challenge to the global health of women. Despite substantial advances in human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical cancer vaccines, non-HPV-related cervical cancer is still waiting novel therapeutic options. Drug repurposing has provided a promising approach to improve cancer therapy in recent years. Our study aimed to explore the potential in vitro antineoplastic effects of levosimendan on cervical cancer cells. The antiproliferative effects of levosimendan were investigated on cervical cancer cells using a standard MTT assay. Fluorescent double staining was performed to identify its ability to induce apoptosis and necrosis. The possible mechanism of action of levosimendan was explored using cell-cycle analysis. Furthermore, antimetastatic effects were investigated using a wound-healing assay and a Boyden chamber assay. Our results revealed that levosimendan exhibited the highest growth-inhibitory effect in the HPV-negative C33A cell line. However, the effects were modest compared to the standard agent, cisplatin. Cell-cycle analysis detected that levosimendan can induce cell-cycle arrest in C33A cells by increasing the G1 and G2/M phases, decreasing the S phase, and enhancing the hypodiploid subG1 population. Levosimendan inhibited cell migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. As levosimendan showed antimetastatic efficacy, it could be considered for repurposing to contribute to overcoming resistance to therapy in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.S.); (H.F.M.); (F.S.J.); (N.B.)
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Mai Y, Lin T, Zhang L, Yang W, Liu S, Wang M, Liu P, Li Z, Luo W. RAD54B inhibits vascular endothelial senescence via suppression of CHK1/p53/p21 pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:137-149. [PMID: 37748205 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
RAD54B belongs to the SNF2/SWI2 superfamily, participating in homologous recombination repair. DNA damage is the central driver of aging, but there is no direct evidence of an association between RAD54B and vascular aging. The present study sought to investigate the role and mechanisms of RAD54B in endothelial senescence. In senescent animal models, including spontaneously hypertensive rats, normal aging mice, and D-gal-induced senescent mice, and senescent cell models induced by H2O2, D-gal, and culture, RAD54B was remarkably downregulated. Knockdown of RAD54B increased the expression of p53 and p21, increased the ratio of SA-β-gal-positive cells, and decreased the proportion of EdU-positive cells. Conversely, overexpression of RAD54B reversed the senescent phenotypes stimulated by H2O2 and delayed replicative endothelial senescence. Mechanistically, silencing RAD54B compensatorily increased the expression of RAD51/XRCC4, which remained unchanged in H2O2-induced senescence. RAD54B lacking the SNF2 domain could still reverse the increasing expression of p53/p21 induced by H2O2. RAD54B reduced γH2A.X expression and inhibited the expression and phosphorylation of CHK1. In conclusion, RAD54B exerts a direct protective effect against DNA damage through enhancing homologous recombination repair in endothelial senescence, resulting in inhibition of the downstream CHK1/p53/p21 pathway, suggesting that RAD54B may be a potential therapeutic target for vascular aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Mai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tong Lin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenwei Luo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation; Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Mlakar V, Dupanloup I, Gonzales F, Papangelopoulou D, Ansari M, Gumy-Pause F. 17q Gain in Neuroblastoma: A Review of Clinical and Biological Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:338. [PMID: 38254827 PMCID: PMC10814316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent extracranial solid childhood tumor. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of this disease, the prognosis in cases of high-risk NB is still poor. 17q gain has been shown to be the most frequent genomic alteration in NB. However, the significance of this remains unclear because of its high frequency and association with other genetic modifications, particularly segmental chromosomal aberrations, 1p and 11q deletions, and MYCN amplification, all of which are also associated with a poor clinical prognosis. This work reviewed the evidence on the clinical and biological significance of 17q gain. It strongly supports the significance of 17q gain in the development of NB and its importance as a clinically relevant marker. However, it is crucial to distinguish between whole and partial chromosome 17q gains. The most important breakpoints appear to be at 17q12 and 17q21. The former distinguishes between whole and partial chromosome 17q gain; the latter is a site of IGF2BP1 and NME1 genes that appear to be the main oncogenes responsible for the functional effects of 17q gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Mlakar
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
| | - Isabelle Dupanloup
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Amphipôle, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Gonzales
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Danai Papangelopoulou
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- Cansearch Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (I.D.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (M.A.); (F.G.-P.)
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Geneva Hospitals, Rue Willy-Donzé 6, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Panneerselvan P, Vasanthakumar K, Muthuswamy K, Krishnan V, Subramaniam S. Insights on the functional dualism of nitric oxide in the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189001. [PMID: 37858621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous radical, governs a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, pro-inflammatory signalling, and vasodilation. The family of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which comprises the constitutive forms, nNOS and eNOS, and the inducible form, iNOS, produces NO enzymatically. Additionally, NO can be generated non-enzymatically from the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The anti- and pro-oxidant properties of NO and its functional dualism in cancer is due to its highly reactive nature. Numerous malignancies have NOS expression, which interferes with the tumour microenvironment to modulate the tumour's growth in both favourable and unfavourable ways. NO regulates a number of mechanisms in the tumour microenvironment, including metabolism, cell cycle, DNA repair, angiogenesis, and apoptosis/necrosis, depending on its concentration and spatiotemporal profile. This review focuses on the bi-modal impact of nitric oxide on the alteration of a few cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Panneerselvan
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Keerthana Vasanthakumar
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Karthi Muthuswamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Vasanth Krishnan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Selvakumar Subramaniam
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India.
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Ribeiro E, Vale N. Understanding the Clinical Use of Levosimendan and Perspectives on its Future in Oncology. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1296. [PMID: 37759695 PMCID: PMC10526140 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing, also known as repositioning or reprofiling, has emerged as a promising strategy to accelerate drug discovery and development. This approach involves identifying new medical indications for existing approved drugs, harnessing the extensive knowledge of their bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy. Levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer initially approved for heart failure, has been repurposed for oncology due to its multifaceted pharmacodynamics, including phosphodiesterase 3 inhibition, nitric oxide production and reduction of reactive oxygen species. Studies have demonstrated that levosimendan inhibits cancer cell migration and sensitizes hypoxic cells to radiation. Moreover, it exerts organ-protective effects by activating mitochondrial potassium channels. Combining levosimendan with traditional anticancer agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has shown a synergistic effect in bladder cancer cells, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic approach. This drug repurposing strategy offers a cost-effective and time-efficient solution for developing new treatments, ultimately contributing to the advancement of cancer therapeutics and improved outcomes for patients. Further investigations and clinical trials are warranted to validate the effectiveness of levosimendan in oncology and explore its potential benefits in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Ribeiro
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Salvatori L, Malatesta S, Illi B, Somma MP, Fionda C, Stabile H, Fontanella RA, Gaetano C. Nitric Oxide Prevents Glioblastoma Stem Cells' Expansion and Induces Temozolomide Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11286. [PMID: 37511047 PMCID: PMC10379318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has high mortality and recurrence rates. Malignancy resilience is ascribed to Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs), which are resistant to Temozolomide (TMZ), the gold standard for GBM post-surgical treatment. However, Nitric Oxide (NO) has demonstrated anti-cancer efficacy in GBM cells, but its potential impact on GSCs remains unexplored. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NO, both alone and in combination with TMZ, on patient-derived GSCs. Experimentally selected concentrations of diethylenetriamine/NO adduct and TMZ were used through a time course up to 21 days of treatment, to evaluate GSC proliferation and death, functional recovery, and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed treatment-induced effects in cell cycle and DNA damage occurrence and repair. Our results showed that NO impairs self-renewal, disrupts cell-cycle progression, and expands the quiescent cells' population. Consistently, NO triggered a significant but tolerated level of DNA damage, but not apoptosis. Interestingly, NO/TMZ cotreatment further inhibited cell cycle progression, augmented G0 cells, induced cell death, but also enhanced DNA damage repair activity. These findings suggest that, although NO administration does not eliminate GSCs, it stunts their proliferation, and makes cells susceptible to TMZ. The resulting cytostatic effect may potentially allow long-term control over the GSCs' subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Salvatori
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Malatesta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Patrizia Somma
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Merkley MB, Soriano D, Jones KL, Summers JA. The Effects of Nitric Oxide on Choroidal Gene Expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545343. [PMID: 37398322 PMCID: PMC10312785 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an important biological mediator that controls several physiological functions, and evidence is now emerging that this molecule may play a significant role in the postnatal control of ocular growth and myopia development. We therefore sought to understand the role that nitric oxide plays in visually-guided ocular growth in order to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of this process. Methods Choroids were incubated in organ culture in the presence of the NO donor, PAPA-NONOate (1.5 mM). Following RNA extraction, bulk RNA-seq was used to quantify and compare choroidal gene expression in the presence and absence of PAPA-NONOate. We used bioinformatics to identify enriched canonical pathways, predicted diseases and functions, and regulatory effects of NO in the choroid. Results Upon treatment of normal chick choroids with the NO donor, PAPA-NONOate, we identified a total of 837 differentially expressed genes (259 upregulated genes, 578 down-regulated genes) compared with untreated controls. Among these, the top five upregulated genes were LSMEM1, STEAP4, HSPB9, and CCL19, and the top five down-regulated genes were CDCA3, SMC2, a novel gene (ENSALGALG00000050836), an uncharacterized gene (LOC107054158), and SPAG5. Bioinformatics predicted that NO treatment will activate pathways involved in cell and organismal death, necrosis, and cardiovascular system development, and inhibit pathways involved in cell proliferation, cell movement, and gene expression. Conclusions The findings reported herein may provide insight into possible effects of NO in the choroid during visually regulated eye growth, and help to identify targeted therapies for the treatment of myopia and other ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie B Merkley
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, United States
| | - Diana Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States
| | | | - Jody A Summers
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104, United States
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Ribeiro E, Vale N. Repurposing of the Drug Tezosentan for Cancer Therapy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5118-5131. [PMID: 37367074 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tezosentan is a vasodilator drug that was originally developed to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. It acts by inhibiting endothelin (ET) receptors, which are overexpressed in many types of cancer cells. Endothelin-1 (ET1) is a substance produced by the body that causes blood vessels to narrow. Tezosentan has affinity for both ETA and ETB receptors. By blocking the effects of ET1, tezosentan can help to dilate blood vessels, improve the blood flow, and reduce the workload on the heart. Tezosentan has been found to have anticancer properties due to its ability to target the ET receptors, which are involved in promoting cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, neovascularization, immune cell response, and drug resistance. This review intends to demonstrate the potential of this drug in the field of oncology. Drug repurposing can be an excellent way to improve the known profiles of first-line drugs and to solve several resistance problems of these same antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Ribeiro
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Pillars and Gaps of S-Nitrosylation-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation in Physiology and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121424. [PMID: 34947954 PMCID: PMC8704633 DOI: 10.3390/life11121424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a diffusible signaling molecule produced by three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, which release NO during the metabolism of the amino acid arginine. NO participates in pathophysiological responses of many different tissues, inducing concentration-dependent effect. Indeed, while low NO levels generally have protective effects, higher NO concentrations induce cytotoxic/cytostatic actions. In recent years, evidences have been accumulated unveiling S-nitrosylation as a major NO-dependent post-translational mechanism ruling gene expression. S-nitrosylation is a reversible, highly regulated phenomenon in which NO reacts with one or few specific cysteine residues of target proteins generating S-nitrosothiols. By inducing this chemical modification, NO might exert epigenetic regulation through direct effects on both DNA and histones as well as through indirect actions affecting the functions of transcription factors and transcriptional co-regulators. In this light, S-nitrosylation may also impact on cancer cell gene expression programs. Indeed, it affects different cell pathways and functions ranging from the impairment of DNA damage repair to the modulation of the activity of signal transduction molecules, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and chromatin remodelers. Nitrosylation is therefore a versatile tool by which NO might control gene expression programs in health and disease.
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Ferreiro ME, Amarilla MS, Glienke L, Méndez CS, González C, Jacobo PV, Sobarzo CM, De Laurentiis A, Ferraris MJ, Theas MS. The inflammatory mediators TNFα and nitric oxide arrest spermatogonia GC-1 cell cycle. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:329-339. [PMID: 31757605 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During an inflammatory process of the testis, the network of somatic, immune, and germ cell interactions is altered leading to organ dysfunction. In testicular biopsies of infertile men, spermatogenesis impairment is associated with reduced spermatogonia proliferation, increased number of immune cells, and content of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TNFα-TNFR and nitric oxide (NO)-NO synthase systems are up-regulated in models of testicular damage and in human testis with maturation arrest. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that TNFα-TNFR system and NO alter the function of spermatogonia in the inflamed testis. We studied the effect of TNFα and NO on GC-1 spermatogonia cell cycle progression and death by flow cytometry. GC-1 cells expressed TNFR1 and TNFR2 (immunofluorescence). TNFα (10 and 50 ng/ml) and DETA-Nonoate (0.5 and 2 mM), a NO releaser, increased the percentage of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle and reduced the percentage in G1, inducing also cell apoptosis. TNFα effect was not mediated by oxidative stress unlike NO, since the presence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (2.5 and 5.0 mM) prevented NO induced cell cycle arrest and death. GC-1 spermatogonia overpass NO induced cell cycle arrest but no TNFα, since after removal of NO, spermatogonia progressed through the cell cycle. We propose TNFα and NO might contribute to impairment of spermatogenesis by preventing adequate functioning of the spermatogonia population. Our results showed that TNFα and NO impaired spermatogonia cell cycle, inducing GC-1 arrest in the S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Ferreiro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sofía Amarilla
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leilane Glienke
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Soledad Méndez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela González
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnósticos (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Verónica Jacobo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Marcelo Sobarzo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea De Laurentiis
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO) CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Ferraris
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Susana Theas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular, Cátedra II de Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Waheed S, Cheng RY, Casablanca Y, Maxwell GL, Wink DA, Syed V. Nitric Oxide Donor DETA/NO Inhibits the Growth of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Upregulating the Expression of RASSF1 and CDKN1A. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203722. [PMID: 31623109 PMCID: PMC6832369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in several biological processes, including cancer progression. At low concentrations, it promotes cell survival and tumor progression, and at high concentrations it causes apoptosis and cell death. Until now, the impact of NO donors has not been investigated on human endometrial tumors. Four cancer cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of DETA/NO for 24 to 120 h. The effects of DETA/NO on cell proliferation and invasion were determined utilizing MTS and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. The DETA/NO induced a dose and time-dependent reduction in cell viability by the activation of caspase-3 and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase that was associated with the attenuated expression of cyclin-D1 and D3. Furthermore, the reduction in the amount of CD133-expressing cancer stem-like cell subpopulation was observed following DETA/NO treatment of cells, which was associated with a decreased expression of stem cell markers and attenuation of cell invasiveness. To understand the mechanisms by which DETA/NO elicits anti-cancer effects, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to ascertain alterations in the transcriptomes of human endometrial cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 14 of the top 21 differentially expressed genes were upregulated and seven were downregulated in endometrial cancer cells with DETA/NO. The genes that were upregulated in all four cell lines with DETA/NO were the tumor suppressors Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1) and Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A). The expression patterns of these genes were confirmed by Western blotting. Taken together, the results provide the first evidence in support of the anti-cancer effects of DETA/NO in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Waheed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Robert Ys Cheng
- Molecular Mechanism Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Yovanni Casablanca
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
| | - David A Wink
- Molecular Mechanism Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Viqar Syed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
- John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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12
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Lopinavir-NO, a nitric oxide-releasing HIV protease inhibitor, suppresses the growth of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1014-1028. [PMID: 30706336 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We generated a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing derivative of the anti-HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir by linking the NO moiety to the parental drug. We investigated the effects of lopinavir and its derivative lopinavir-NO on melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Lopinavir-NO exhibited a twofold stronger anticancer action than lopinavir in vitro. These results were successfully translated into syngeneic models of melanoma in vivo, where a significant reduction in tumour volume was observed only in animals treated with lopinavir-NO. Both lopinavir and lopinavir-NO inhibited cell proliferation and induced the trans-differentiation of melanoma cells to Schwann-like cells. In melanoma cancer cell lines, both lopinavir and lopinavir-NO induced morphological changes, minor apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, caspase activation and autophagy were detected only in B16 cells, indicating a cell line-specific treatment response. Lopinavir-NO released NO intracellularly, and NO neutralization restored cell viability. Treatment with lopinavir-NO induced only a transient activation of Akt and inhibition of P70S6 kinase. The results of this study identify lopinavir-NO as a promising candidate for further clinical trials in melanoma and possibly other solid tumours.
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13
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Cai JY, Xu TT, Wang Y, Chang JJ, Li J, Chen XY, Chen X, Yin YF, Ni XJ. Histone deacetylase HDAC4 promotes the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2758-2768. [PMID: 30272277 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most lethal type of primary brain tumor characterized by aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is frequently dysregulated in human malignancies. However, its biological functions in the development of glioma are not fully understood. The present study aimed to evaluate HDAC4 expression in human glioma and to elucidate the mechanistic role of HDAC4 in glioma. The results suggested that HDAC4 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and a number of glioma cell lines compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues and the non-cancerous human glial cell line SVG p12, respectively (P<0.05). The proliferation, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and invasion ability were substantially enhanced in U251 cells with HDAC4 overexpression, and suppressed in U251 cells with a knockdown of HDAC4 compared with that in U251 cells transfected with the negative control. Knockdown of HDAC4 resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and induced the increase of reactive oxygen species level in U251 cells. Furthermore, HDAC4 overexpression was revealed to substantially inhibit the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p27, and the expression of E-cadherin and β‑catenin in glioma U251 cells. Knockdown of HDAC4 substantially promoted the expression of CDK1 and CDK2 and vimentin in glioma U251 cells. Mechanistically, the results of the present study demonstrated that HDAC4 displayed a significant upregulation in glioma, and promoted glioma cell proliferation and invasion mediated through the repression of p21, p27, E-cadherin and β‑catenin, and the potentiation of CDK1, CDK2 and vimentin. Altogether, the present study revealed that HDAC4 overexpression was central for the tumorigenesis of glioma, which may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Xu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jian Chang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Yin
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Ni
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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14
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Keshet R, Erez A. Arginine and the metabolic regulation of nitric oxide synthesis in cancer. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/8/dmm033332. [PMID: 30082427 PMCID: PMC6124554 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that plays important roles in diverse biological processes and thus its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of various disorders. In cancer, NO has broad and sometimes dichotomous roles; it is involved in cancer initiation and progression, but also restricts cancer proliferation and invasion, and contributes to the anti-tumor immune response. The importance of NO in a range of cellular processes is exemplified by its tight spatial and dosage control at multiple levels, including via its transcriptional, post-translational and metabolic regulation. In this Review, we focus on the regulation of NO via the synthesis and availability of its precursor, arginine, and discuss the implications of this metabolic regulation for cancer biology and therapy. Despite the established contribution of NO to cancer pathogenesis, the implementation of NO-related cancer therapeutics remains limited, likely due to the challenge of targeting and inducing its protective functions in a cell- and dosage-specific manner. A better understanding of how arginine regulates the production of NO in cancer might thus support the development of anti-cancer drugs that target this key metabolic pathway, and other metabolic pathways involved in NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rom Keshet
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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15
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Somasundaram V, Nadhan R, K Hemalatha S, Kumar Sengodan S, Srinivas P. Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species: Clues to target oxidative damage repair defective breast cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 101:184-92. [PMID: 27017408 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of various biomolecules in cancer progression and therapy has led to the exploration of the roles of two cardinal players, namely Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in cancer. Both ROS and NO display bimodal fashions of functional activity in a concentration dependent manner, by inducing either pro- or anti- tumorigenic signals. Researchers have identified the potential capability of NO and ROS in therapies owing to their role in eliciting pro-apoptotic signals at higher concentrations and their ability to sensitize cancer cells to one another as well as to other therapeutics. We review the prospects of NO and ROS in cancer progression and therapy, and analyze the role of a combinatorial therapy wherein an NO donor (SNAP) is used to sensitize the oxidative damage repair defective, triple negative breast cancer cells (HCC 1937) to a potent ROS inducer. Preliminary findings support the potential to employ various combinatorial regimes for anti-cancer therapies with regard to exploiting the chemo-sensitization property of NO donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Somasundaram
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Revathy Nadhan
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Sreelatha K Hemalatha
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Sengodan
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India
| | - Priya Srinivas
- Cancer Research Program 5, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P O, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
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16
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Methamphetamine is not Toxic but Disrupts the Cell Cycle of Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:8-17. [PMID: 25666340 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of methamphetamine (MA) are well established to be caused via induced oxidative stress which in turn compromises the core function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by reducing its ability to regulate the homeostatic environment of the brain. While most studies were conducted over a period of 24-48 h, this study investigated the mechanisms by which chronic exposure of MA adversely affect the endothelial cells of BBB over an extended period of 96 h. MA induced significant depression of cell numbers at 96 h. This result was supported by flow cytometric data on the cell cycle which showed that brain endothelial cells (bEnd5) at 96 h were significantly suppressed in the S-phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, at 24-72 h control cell numbers for G1, S and G2-M phases were similar to MA-exposed cells. MA (0-1,000 µM) did not, however, statistically affect the viability and cytotoxicity of the bEnd5 cells, and the profile of ATP production and DNA synthesis (BrdU) across 96 h did not provide a rationale for the suppression of cell division. Our study reports for the first time that chronic exposure to MA results in long-term disruption of the cell cycle phases which eventuates in the attenuation of brain capillary endothelial cell growth after 96 h, compounding and contributing to the already well-known adverse short-term permeability effects of MA exposure on the BBB.
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17
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You BJ, Wu YC, Lee CL, Lee HZ. Non-homologous end joining pathway is the major route of protection against 4β-hydroxywithanolide E-induced DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Burke AJ, Sullivan FJ, Giles FJ, Glynn SA. The yin and yang of nitric oxide in cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:503-12. [PMID: 23354310 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived, pleiotropic molecule that affects numerous critical functions in the body. Presently, there are markedly conflicting findings in the literature regarding NO and its role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. NO has been shown to have dichotomous effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and many other important processes in cancer biology. It has been shown to be both pro- and antitumorigenic, depending on the concentration and the tumor microenvironment in question. NO is generated by three isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) that are widely expressed and sometimes upregulated in human tumors. Due to its vast array of physiological functions, it presents a huge challenge to researchers to discover its true potential in cancer biology and consequently, its use in anticancer therapies. In this study, we review the current knowledge in this area, with an emphasis placed on NO modulation as an anticancer therapy, focusing on NO-donating drugs and NOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Burke
- Prostate Cancer Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Dublin, Ireland.
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19
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Morales MG, Vazquez Y, Acuña MJ, Rivera JC, Simon F, Salas JD, Alvarez Ruf J, Brandan E, Cabello-Verrugio C. Angiotensin II-induced pro-fibrotic effects require p38MAPK activity and transforming growth factor beta 1 expression in skeletal muscle cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1993-2002. [PMID: 22964022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic disorders are typically characterised by excessive connective tissue and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that preclude the normal healing of different tissues. Several skeletal muscle dystrophies are characterised by extensive fibrosis. Among the factors involved in skeletal muscle fibrosis is angiotensin II (Ang-II), a key protein of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We previously demonstrated that myoblasts responded to Ang-II by increasing the ECM protein levels mediated by AT-1 receptors, implicating an Ang-II-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent mechanism. In this paper, we show that in myoblasts, Ang-II induced the increase of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression through its AT-1 receptor. This effect is dependent of the NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX)-induced ROS, as indicated by a decrease of the expression of both pro-fibrotic factors when the ROS production was inhibited via the NOX inhibitor apocynin. The increase in pro-fibrotic factors levels was paralleled by enhanced p38MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to Ang-II. However, only the p38MAPK activity was critical for the Ang-II-induced fibrotic effects, as indicated by the decrease in the Ang-II-induced TGF-β1 and CTGF expression and fibronectin levels by SB-203580, an inhibitor of the p38MAPK, but not by U0126, an inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that the Ang-II-dependent p38MAPK activation, but not the ERK1/2 phosphorylation, was necessary for the NOX-derived ROS. In addition, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 expression was required for the Ang-II-induced pro-fibrotic effects evaluated by using SB-431542, an inhibitor of TGF-βRI kinase activity, and by knocking down TGF-β1 levels by shRNA technique. These results strongly suggest that the fibrotic response to Ang-II is mediated by the AT-1 receptor and requires the p38MAPK phosphorylation, NOX-induced ROS, and TGF-β1 expression increase mediated by Ang-II in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Morales
- Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, Centro de Regeneración y Envejecimiento, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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