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Locascio A, Annona G, Caccavale F, D'Aniello S, Agnisola C, Palumbo A. Nitric Oxide Function and Nitric Oxide Synthase Evolution in Aquatic Chordates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11182. [PMID: 37446358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in almost all organisms and is active in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Our understanding of the peculiarities and functions of this simple gas has increased considerably by extending studies to non-mammal vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we report the nitric oxide synthase (Nos) genes so far characterized in chordates and provide an extensive, detailed, and comparative analysis of the function of NO in the aquatic chordates tunicates, cephalochordates, teleost fishes, and amphibians. This comprehensive set of data adds new elements to our understanding of Nos evolution, from the single gene commonly found in invertebrates to the three genes present in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources (RIMAR), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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Gather F, Schmitz K, Koch K, Vogt LM, Pautz A, Kleinert H. Regulation of human inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by an upstream open reading frame. Nitric Oxide 2019; 88:50-60. [PMID: 31004763 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene contains an upstream open reading frame (uORF) in its 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) implying a translational regulation of iNOS expression. Transfection experiments in human DLD-1 cells revealed that the uORF although translatable seems not to inhibit the translation start at the bona fide ATG. Our data clearly show that human iNOS translation is cap-dependent and that the 5'-UTR of the iNOS mRNA contains no internal ribosome entry site. Translation of the bona fide coding sequence is most likely mediated by a leaky scanning mechanism. The 5'-UTR is encoded by exon 1 and exon 2 of the iNOS gene with the uORF stop codon located in front of the first intron indicating an involvement of the nonsense mediated RNA decay (NMD) in iNOS regulation. SiRNA-mediated down-regulation of Upf1 resulted in enhanced endogenous cytokine iNOS expression in human DLD-1 cells. Transfection of constructs containing iNOS exon 1, intron 1 and exon 2 in front of a luciferase gene showed a clear effect of the mutation of the uORF-ATG on luciferase reportergene expression. Our data indicate that the uORF in the 5'-UTR sequence of human iNOS gene reduces its expression via the NMD mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Gather
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lea-Marie Vogt
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55101, Mainz, Germany.
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Somasundaram V, Basudhar D, Bharadwaj G, No JH, Ridnour LA, Cheng RY, Fujita M, Thomas DD, Anderson SK, McVicar DW, Wink DA. Molecular Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide in Cancer Progression, Signal Transduction, and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1124-1143. [PMID: 29634348 PMCID: PMC6354612 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cancer is a complex disease, which not only involves the tumor but its microenvironment comprising different immune cells as well. Nitric oxide (NO) plays specific roles within tumor cells and the microenvironment and determines the rate of cancer progression, therapy efficacy, and patient prognosis. Recent Advances: Key understanding of the processes leading to dysregulated NO flux within the tumor microenvironment over the past decade has provided better understanding of the dichotomous role of NO in cancer and its importance in shaping the immune landscape. It is becoming increasingly evident that nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2)-mediated NO/reactive nitrogen oxide species (RNS) are heavily involved in cancer progression and metastasis in different types of tumor. More recent studies have found that NO from NOS2+ macrophages is required for cancer immunotherapy to be effective. CRITICAL ISSUES NO/RNS, unlike other molecules, are unique in their ability to target a plethora of oncogenic pathways during cancer progression. In this review, we subcategorize the different levels of NO produced by cells and shed light on the context-dependent temporal effects on cancer signaling and metabolic shift in the tumor microenvironment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the source of NO and its spaciotemporal profile within the tumor microenvironment could help improve efficacy of cancer immunotherapies by improving tumor infiltration of immune cells for better tumor clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Somasundaram
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Debashree Basudhar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Gaurav Bharadwaj
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jae Hong No
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lisa A. Ridnour
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert Y.S. Cheng
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Douglas D. Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen K. Anderson
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Daniel W. McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - David A. Wink
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
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KH-type splicing regulatory protein is regulated by nuclear factor-κB signaling to mediate innate immunity in Caco-2 cells infected by Salmonella enteritidis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 63:669-676. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Lee M, Rey K, Besler K, Wang C, Choy J. Immunobiology of Nitric Oxide and Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 62:181-207. [PMID: 28455710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54090-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a bioactive gas that has multiple roles in innate and adaptive immune responses. In macrophages, nitric oxide is produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase upon microbial and cytokine stimulation. It is needed for host defense against pathogens and for immune regulation. This review will summarize the role of NO and iNOS in inflammatory and immune responses and will discuss the regulatory mechanisms that control inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Kevin Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Katrina Besler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Christine Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Choy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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de Oliveira GA, Cheng RYS, Ridnour LA, Basudhar D, Somasundaram V, McVicar DW, Monteiro HP, Wink DA. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Carcinogenesis of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:1059-1077. [PMID: 27494631 PMCID: PMC5488308 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer taken together constitutes one of the most common cancers worldwide with a broad range of etiological mechanisms. In this review, we have examined the impact of nitric oxide (NO) on the etiology of colon, colorectal, gastric, esophageal, and liver cancers. Recent Advances: Despite differences in etiology, initiation, and progression, chronic inflammation has been shown to be a common element within these cancers showing interactions of numerous pathways. NO generated at the inflammatory site contributes to the initiation and progression of disease. The amount of NO generated, time, and site vary and are an important determinant of the biological effects initiated. Among the nitric oxide synthase enzymes, the inducible isoform has the most diverse range, participating in numerous carcinogenic processes. There is emerging evidence showing that inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) plays a central role in the process of tumor initiation and/or development. CRITICAL ISSUES Redox inflammation through NOS2 and cyclooxygenase-2 participates in driving the mechanisms of initiation and progression in GI cancers. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the underlying mechanism involved in NOS2 activation can provide new insights into important prevention and treatment strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 1059-1077.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciele Almeida de Oliveira
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert Y S Cheng
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Debashree Basudhar
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Veena Somasundaram
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hugo Pequeno Monteiro
- 2 Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David A Wink
- 1 Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland
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Sun X, He Y, Guo Y, Li S, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xing M. Arsenic affects inflammatory cytokine expression in Gallus gallus brain tissues. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:157. [PMID: 28583123 PMCID: PMC5460324 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The heavy metal arsenic is widely distributed in nature and posses a serious threat to organism’s health. However, little is known about the arsenic-induced inflammatory response in the brain tissues of birds and the relationship and mechanism of the inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of dietary arsenic on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the brains of Gallus gallus. Results Seventy-two 1-day-old male Hy-line chickens were divided into a control group, a low arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-treated (7.5 mg/kg) group, a middle As2O3-treated (15 mg/kg) group, and a high As2O3-treated (30 mg/kg) group. Arsenic exposure caused obvious ultrastructural changes. The mRNA levels of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E synthase (PTGEs), in chicken brain tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, brainstem and myelencephalon) on days 30, 60 and 90, respectively, were measured by real-time PCR. The protein expression of iNOS was detected by western blot. The results showed that after being treated with As2O3, the levels of inflammatory-related factor NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines in chicken brain tissues increased (P < 0.05). Conclusions Arsenic exposure in the chickens triggered host defence and induced an inflammatory response by regulating the expression of inflammatory-related genes in the cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, brainstem and myelencephalon. These data form a foundation for further research on arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in Gallus gallus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1066-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Siwen Li
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150040, China.
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Ošiņa K, Rostoka E, Isajevs S, Sokolovska J, Sjakste T, Sjakste N. Effects of an Antimutagenic 1,4-Dihydropyridine AV-153 on Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthases and DNA Repair-related Enzymes and Genes in Kidneys of Rats with a Streptozotocin Model of Diabetes Mellitus. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:458-463. [PMID: 27163882 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), including diabetic nephropathy, is a complex multi-stage process, dependent on many factors including the modification of nitric oxide (NO) production and an impaired DNA repair. The goal of this work was to study in vivo effects of 1,4-dihydropyridine AV-153, known as antimutagen and DNA binder, on the expression of several genes and proteins involved in NO metabolism and DNA repair in the kidneys of rats with a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of DM. Transcription intensity was monitored by means of real-time RT-PCR and the expression of proteins by immunohistochemistry. Development of DM significantly induced PARP1 protein expression, while AV-153 (0.5 mg/kg) administration decreased it. AV-153 increased the expression of Parp1 gene in the kidneys of both intact and diabetic animals. Expression of H2afx mRNA and γH2AX histone protein, a marker of DNA breakage, was not changed in diabetic animals, but AV-153 up-regulated the expression of the gene without any impact on the protein expression. Development of DM was followed by a significant increase in iNOS enzyme expression, while AV-153 down-regulated the enzyme expression up to normal levels. iNos gene expression was also found to be increased in diabetic animals, but unlike the protein, the expression of mRNA was found to be enhanced by AV-153 administration. Expression of both eNOS protein and eNos gene in the kidneys was down-regulated, and the administration of AV-153 normalized the expression level. The effects of the compound in the kidneys of diabetic animals appear to be beneficial, as a trend for the normalization of expression of NO synthases is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristīne Ošiņa
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia. .,Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Salaspils, Latvia.
| | - Evita Rostoka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Isajevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jelizaveta Sokolovska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Tatjana Sjakste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Eliseeva IA, Lyabin DN, Ovchinnikov LP. Poly(A)-binding proteins: structure, domain organization, and activity regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1377-91. [PMID: 24490729 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913130014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are of vital importance for mRNA functioning. Among these, poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) are of special interest due to their participation in virtually all mRNA-dependent events that is caused by their high affinity for A-rich mRNA sequences. Apart from mRNAs, PABPs interact with many proteins, thus promoting their involvement in cellular events. In the nucleus, PABPs play a role in polyadenylation, determine the length of the poly(A) tail, and may be involved in mRNA export. In the cytoplasm, they participate in regulation of translation initiation and either protect mRNAs from decay through binding to their poly(A) tails or stimulate this decay by promoting mRNA interactions with deadenylase complex proteins. This review presents modern notions of the role of PABPs in mRNA-dependent events; peculiarities of regulation of PABP amount in the cell and activities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Eliseeva
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Abstract
Regulation of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression involves both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Human iNOS gene transcription is controlled in a cell type-specific manner by extracellular cytokines. Transcriptional regulation of human iNOS gene involves transcription factors NF-κB, Stat-1, AP-1, C/EBPβ, KLF6, Oct 1, and NRF. Important posttranscriptional mechanisms also regulate human iNOS mRNA stability through RNA binding proteins HuR, TTP, KSRP, and PABP. Recently, there are several miRNAs that were validated to regulate human and rodent iNOS gene expression. Among them, miR-939 and miR-26a were identified to bind with the human iNOS 3'-UTR and exert a translational blockade of human iNOS protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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