1
|
Oliver BG, Huang X, Yarak R, Bai X, Wang Q, Zakarya R, Reddy KD, Donovan C, Kim RY, Morkaya J, Wang B, Lung Chan Y, Saad S, Faiz A, Reyk DV, Verkhratsky A, Yi C, Chen H. Chronic maternal exposure to low-dose PM 2.5 impacts cognitive outcomes in a sex-dependent manner. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 191:108971. [PMID: 39180775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
There is no safe level of air pollution for human health. Traffic-related particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major in-utero toxin, mechanisms of action of which are not fully understood. BALB/c dams were exposed to an Australian level of traffic PM2.5 (5 µg/mouse/day, intranasal, 6 weeks before mating, during gestation and lactation). Male offspring had reduced memory in adulthood, whereas memory was normal in female littermates, similar to human responses. Maternal PM2.5 exposure resulted in oxidative stress and abnormal mitochondria in male, but not female, brains. RNA-sequencing analysis showed unique sex-related changes in newborn brains. Two X-chromosome-linked histone lysine demethylases, Kdm6a and Kdm5c, demonstrated higher expression in female compared to male littermates, in addition to upregulated genes with known functions to support mitochondrial function, synapse growth and maturation, cognitive function, and neuroprotection. No significant changes in Kdm6a and Kdm5c were found in male littermates, nor other genes, albeit significantly impaired memory function after birth. In primary foetal cortical neurons, PM2.5 exposure suppressed neuron and synaptic numbers and induced oxidative stress, which was prevented by upregulation of Kdm6a or Kdm5c. Therefore, timely epigenetic adaptation by histone demethylation to open DNA for translation before birth may be the key to protecting females against prenatal PM2.5 exposure-induced neurological disorders, which fail to occur in males associated with their poor cognitive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Rochelle Yarak
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Razia Zakarya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Karosham D Reddy
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - James Morkaya
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Alen Faiz
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David van Reyk
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang RW, Hsu MC, Lee TS, Chen YS, Wang CH. Selective brain perfusion improves the neurological outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model. Artif Organs 2024; 48:743-752. [PMID: 38391014 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major concern in patients who have suffered from cardiac arrest (CA) and undergone successful extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-CPR) is poor neurological outcomes. In this study, we aimed to introduce a rat model of selective brain perfusion (SBP) during E-CPR to improve the neurological outcome after CA. METHODS The rats underwent 7 min of untreated asphyxial CA and then were resuscitated with E-CPR for 30 min. The right external jugular vein and right femoral artery were separately cannulated to the E-CPR outflow and inflow. The right common carotid artery was cannulated from the proximal to the distal side for SBP. Subsequently, rats were removed from E-CPR, wounds were closed, and 90 min of intensive care were provided. Neurological deficit scores were tested after 4 h of recovery when the rats were mechanical ventilation-free. S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected through immunohistochemistry (IHC) of brain tissue. RESULTS The rats that received SBP while resuscitated by E-CPR showed markedly better neurological performances after 4-h recovery than those resuscitated by E-CPR only. The IHC staining of GFAP and S100B in the hippocampus was low in the rats receiving SBP during E-CPR, but only GFAP showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS We successfully developed a novel and reproducible rat model of SBP while resuscitated by E-CPR to ameliorate the neurological performances after CA. This achievement might have opportunities for studying how to improve the neurological outcome in the clinical condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Wen Chang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Graduate Institute and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Sharng Chen
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mitophagy and Traumatic Brain Injury: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1649842. [PMID: 36846712 PMCID: PMC9957633 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1649842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a kind of external trauma-induced brain function alteration, has posed a financial burden on the public health system. TBI pathogenesis involves a complicated set of events, including primary and secondary injuries that can cause mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy, a process in which defective mitochondria are specifically degraded, segregates and degrades defective mitochondria allowing a healthier mitochondrial network. Mitophagy ensures that mitochondria remain healthy during TBI, determining whether neurons live or die. Mitophagy acts as a critical regulator in maintaining neuronal survival and healthy. This review will discuss the TBI pathophysiology and the consequences of the damage it causes to mitochondria. This review article will explore the mitophagy process, its key factors, and pathways and reveal the role of mitophagy in TBI. Mitophagy will be further recognized as a therapeutic approach in TBI. This review will offer new insights into mitophagy's role in TBI progression.
Collapse
|
5
|
Thomson S, Chan YL, Yi C, Wang B, Machaalani R, Oliver B, Gorrie CA, Chen H. The impact of high fat consumption on neurological functions following a traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1547-1560. [PMID: 35658673 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and obesity are two common conditions in modern society; both can impair neuronal integrity and neurological function. However, it is unclear whether the co-existence of both conditions will worsen outcomes. Thus, in a rat model, we aimed to investigate whether the co-existence of TBI and a high-fat diet (HFD) has an additive effect, leading to more severe neurological impairments, and whether they are related to changes in brain protein markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and synaptic plasticity. Sprague-Dawley rats (female, ~250g) were divided into HFD (43% fat) and chow diet (CD, 17% fat) groups for 6 weeks. Within each dietary group, half underwent a TBI by a weight-drop device, and the other half underwent sham surgery. Short-term memory and sensory function were measured at 24 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks and 6 weeks post-TBI. Brain tissues were harvested at 24 hours and 6 weeks post-TBI and markers of oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and synaptic plasticity were measured via immunostaining and western blotting. In rats without TBI, HFD increased the presynaptic protein synaptophysin. In rats with TBI, HFD resulted in worsened sensory and memory function, an increase in activated macrophages, and a decrease in the endogenous antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase. Our findings suggest that the additive effect of HFD and TBI worsens short term memory and sensation deficits, and may be driven by enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Thomson
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Chenju Yi
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, 543160, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming 518107 Shenzhen China, Shenzhen, China, 518107;
| | - Baoming Wang
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Rita Machaalani
- University of Technology Sydney, 1994, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Brian Oliver
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, RCMB, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Catherine A Gorrie
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2007;
| | - Hui Chen
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mitophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4906434. [PMID: 35126814 PMCID: PMC8813270 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4906434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to death, and disability worldwide more than any other traumatic insult and damage to cellular components including mitochondria leads to the impairment of cellular functions and brain function. In neurons, mitophagy, autophagy-mediated degradation of damaged mitochondria, is a key process in cellular quality control including mitochondrial homeostasis and energy supply and plays a fundamental role in neuronal survival and health. Conversely, defective mitophagy leads to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and cellular dysfunction, contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death. Therefore, an extensive characterization of mitophagy-related protective mechanisms, taking into account the complex mechanisms by which each molecular player is connected to the others, may provide a rationale for the development of new therapeutic strategies in TBI patients. Here, we discuss the contribution of defective mitophagy in TBI, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death highlight novel therapeutics based on newly discovered mitophagy-inducing strategies.
Collapse
|